Virtual reality in mental health. A review of the literature

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Volumn 42, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 343-354

  Gregg, Lynsey ^a   Tarrier, Nicholas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Exposure therapy; Mental health; Simulations; Virtual reality

Indexed keywords

AGORAPHOBIA; BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER; CASE STUDY; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL TRIAL; HUMAN; MEDLINE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; META ANALYSIS; OBESITY; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCINFO; REVIEW; SOCIAL PHOBIA; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; VIRTUAL REALITY;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; HUMANS; PHOBIC DISORDERS; PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; USER-COMPUTER INTERFACE;

EID: 34248674090     PISSN: 09337954     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-007-0173-4     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Anderson PL, Zimand E, Hodges LF, Rothbaum BO (2005) Cognitive behavioural therapy for public-speaking anxiety using virtual reality for exposure. Depr Anxiety 22:156-158
2. Blade RA, Padgett ML (2002) Virtual environments standards and terminology. In: Stanney KM (ed) Handbook of virtual environments: design, implementation and applications. New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum
3. Borenstein M, Rothstein H (1999) Comprehensive meta-analysis. A computer program for research synthesis. Biostaté, USA (http://www.metaanalysis.com)
4. Botella CM, Juan MC, Banos RM, Alcaniz M, Guillen V, Rey B (2005) Mixing realities? An application of augmented reality for the treatment of cockroach phobia. Cyberpsychol Behav 8:162-171
5. Carlin AS, Hoffman HG, Weghorst S (1997) Virtual reality and tactile augmentation in the treatment of spider phobia: A case report. Behav Res Therapy 35:153-158
6. Choi YH, Jang DP, Ku JH, Shin MB, Kim SI (2001) Short-term treatment of Acrophobia with virtual reality therapy (VRT): A case report. CyberPsychol Behav 4:349-354
7. Cobb SVG, Nichols S, Ramsey A, Wilson JR (1999) Virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects (VRISE). Presence 8:169-186
8. Difede J, Hoffman HG (2002) Virtual reality exposure therapy for world trade centre post-traumatic stress disorder: A case report. CyberPsychol Behav 5:529-535
9. Emmelkamp PMG, Bruynzeel M, Drost L, van der Mast CAPG (2001) Virtual reality treatment in Acrophobia: A comparison with exposure in vivo. CyberPsychol Behav 4:335-339
10. Emmelkamp PMG, Krijn M, Hulsbosch AM, de Vries S, Schuemie MJ, van der Mast CAPG (2002) Virtual reality treatment versus exposure in vivo: A comparative evaluation in acrophobia. Behav Res Therapy 40:509-516
11. Flynn D, Schaik PV, Blackman T, Hobbs B, Calderdon C (2003) Developing a virtual reality based methodology for people with Dementia: A feasibility study. CyberPsychol Behav 6:591-611
12. Freeman D, Slater M, Bebbington PE, Garety PA, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Met A, Read CM, Jordan J, Vinayagamoorthy V (2003) Can virtual reality be used to investigate persecutory ideation? J Nervous Mental Dis 191:509-514
13. Garcia-Palacios A, Hoffman H, Carlin A, Furness T, Botella C (2002) Virtual reality in the treatment of spider phobia: A controlled study. Behav Res Therapy 40:983-993
14. Gershon J, Anderson P, Graap K, Zimand E, Hodges L, Rothbaum B (2002) Virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Sci Rev Ment Health Prac 1:76-81
15. Glantz K, Rizzo A, Graap K (2003) Virtual reality for psychotherapy: current reality and future possibilities. Psychotherapy: Theory. Res Practice Training 40:55-67
16. Harris SR, Kemmerling RL, North ML (2002) Brief virtual reality therapy for public speaking anxiety. CyberPsychol Behav 6:543-550
17. Hodges LF, Rothbaum BO, Kooper R, Opdyke D, Meyer T, North M, de Graff J, Williford J (1995) Virtual environments for treating the fear of heights. IEEE Comp 28:27-34
18. Hoffman HG, Garcia-Palacios A, Carlin A, Furness TA, Botella-Arbona C (2003) Interfaces that heal: Coupling real and virtual objects to treat spider phobia. Int J Hum-Comp Interact 16:283-300
19. Kahan M, Tanzer J, Darvin D, Borer F (2000) Virtual reality-assisted cognitive-behavioral treatment for fear of flying: Acute treatment and follow-up. CyberPsychol Behav 3:387-392
20. Kazdin AE, Bass P (1989) Power to detect differences between alternative treatments in comparative psychotherapy outcome research. J Consult Clin Psychol 57:138-147
21. Klein RA (1998) Virtual reality exposure therapy (fear of flying): From a private practice perspective. CyberPsychol Behav 1:311-316
22. Klinger E, Legeron P, Roy S, Chemin I, Lauer F, Nugues P (2004) Virtual reality exposure in the treatment of social phobia. Stud Health Technol Inform 99:91-119
23. Krijn M, Emmelkamp PM, Olafsson RP, Biemond R (2004) Virtual reality exposure therapy of anxiety disorders: A review. Clin Psychol Rev 24:259-281
24. Krijn M, Emmelkamp PMG, Biemind R, de Wilde de Ligny C, Schuemiue J, van der Mast CAPG (2004) Treatment of acrophobia in virtual reality: The role of immersion and presence. Behav Res Therapy 42:229-239
25. Ku JH, Cho W, Kim J, Peled A, Wiederhold BK, Wiederhold MD, Kim IY, Lee JH, Kim SI (2003) A virtual environment for investigating schizophrenic patients' characteristics: Assessment of cognitive and navigation ability. CyberPsychol Behav 6:397-404
26. Lee JH, Ku JH, Cho W, Hahn WY, Kim IY, Lee S, Kang Y, Deog YK, Yu T, Wiederhold BK, Wiederhold MD, Kim SI (2003) A virtual reality system for the assessment and rehabilitation of the activities of daily living. CyberPsychol Behav 6:383-388
27. Lewis CH, Griffin MJ (1997) Human factors consideration in clinical applications of virtual reality. In: Riva G (ed) Virtual reality in neuropsychophsiology. Amsterdam, IOS Press
28. Maltby N, Kirsch I, Mayers M, Allen GJ (2002) Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of fear of flying: A controlled investigation. J Consult Clin Psychol 70:1112-1118
29. Muhlberger A, Hermann MJ, Wiedemann G, Ellgring H, Pauli P (2001) Repeated exposure of flight phobics to flights in virtual reality. Behav Res Therapy 39:1033-1050
30. Muhlberger A, Wiedemann G, Pauli P (2003) Efficacy of a one session virtual reality exposure treatment for fear of flying. Psychother Res 13:323-336
31. North MM, North SM, Coble JR (1995) Effectiveness of virtual environment desensitization in the treatment of agoraphobia. Int J Virtual Reality 1:25-34
32. North MM, North SM, Coble JR (1997a) Virtual reality therapy for fear of flying. Am J Psychiat 154:130
33. North M, North S, Coble J (1997b) Virtual reality therapy: An effective treatment for the fear of public speaking. Int J Virt Reality 3:2-7
34. North MM, North SM, Crunk J (2004) Virtual reality combats test anxiety: a case study report. Stud Health Technol Inform 98:278-280
35. North MM, Schoeneman CM, Mathis JR (2002) Virtual reality therapy: Case study of fear of public speaking. Stud Health Technol Inform 85:318-320
36. Optale G, Marin S, Pastore M, Nasta A, Pianon C (2003) Male sexual dysfunctions and multimedia immersion therapy (Follow-Up). CyberPsychol Behav 6:289-294
37. Pertaub DP, Slater M, Barker C (2002) An experiment on fear of public speaking in virtual reality. Stud Health Technol Inform 81:372-378
38. Pull CB (2005) Current status of virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders. Curr Opin Psychiat 18:7-14
39. Riva G (2002) Virtual reality for health care: The status of research. CyberPsychol Behav 5:219-225
40. Riva G (2003) Virtual environments in clinical psychology. Psychotherapy: Theory, research, practice. Training 40:68-76
41. Riva G (2005). Virtual reality in psychotherapy: Review. CyberPsychol Behav 8:220-230
42. Riva G, Bacchetta M, Baruffi M, Molinari E (2001) Virtual reality-based multidimensional therapy for the treatment of body image disturbances in obesity: A controlled study. CyberPsychol Behav 4:511-526
43. Riva G, Bacchetta M, Baruffi M, Molinari E (2002) Virtual-reality based multidimensional therapy for the treatment of body image disturbances in binge eating disorders: A preliminary controlled study. IEEE Trans Inform Technol Biomed 6:224-234
44. Riva G, Bacchetta M, Cesa G, Conti S, Castelnuovo G, Mantovani F, Molinari E (2006) Is severe obesity a form of addiction? Rationale, clinical approach and controlled clinical trial. CyberPsychol Behav 9:457-479
45. Rizzo A, Buckwalter J, Bowerly T, Van der Zaag C, Humphrey L, Neumann U, Chua C, Kyriakakis C, Van Rooyen A, Sisemore D (2000) The virtual classroom: A virtual reality environment for the assessment and rehabilitation of attention deficits. Cyber Psychol Behav 3:483-501
46. Rizzo A, Pair J, McNerney PJ, Eastlund E, Manson B, Gratch J, Hill R, Swartout B (2005) Development of a VR therapy application for Iraq war military personnel. Stud Health Technol Inform 111:407-413
47. Rothbaum BO, Hodges L, Anderson PL, Price L, Smith S (2002) Twelve-month follow up of virtual reality and standard exposure therapies for the fear of flying. J Consult Clin Psychol 70:428-432
48. Rothbaum BO, Hodges LF, Kooper R, Opdyke D, Williford JS, North M (1995a) Virtual reality graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia: a case report. Behav Therapy 26:547-554
49. Rothbaum BO, Hodges LF, Kooper R, Opdyke D, Williford JS, North M (1995b) Effectiveness of computer-generated (virtual reality) graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia. Am J Psychiat 152:626-628
50. Rothbaum BO, Hodges L, Ready D, Graap K, Alarcon R (2001) Virtual reality exposure therapy for Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatr 62:617-622
51. Rothbaum BO, Hodges LF, Smith S, Lee JH, Price L (2000) A controlled study of virtual reality exposure therapy for the fear of flying. J Consult Clin Psychol 68:1020-1026
52. Rothbaum BO, Hodges L, Watson BA, Kessler GD, Opdyke D (1996) Virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of fear of flying: A case report. Behav Res Therapy 34:477-481
53. Smith S, Rothbaum BO, Hodges L (1999) Treatment of fear of flying using virtual reality exposure therapy: A single case study. Behav Therapist 154:160
54. Stanney KM (1995) Realizing the full potential of virtual reality: Human factors issues that stand in the way. IEEE Proc Virtual Reality Annu Int Symp 1995:28-34
55. Tarrier N, Liversidge T, Gregg L (2006) The acceptability and preference for the psychological treatment of PTSD. Behav Ther Res 44:1643-1656
56. Tarrier N, Pilgrim H, Sommerfield C, Faragher B, Reynolds M, Graham EA (1999) A randomized trial of cognitive therapy and imaginal exposure in the treatment of chronic post traumatic stress disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 67:13-18
57. Tarrier N, Wykes T (2004) Is there evidence that cognitive behaviour therapy in an effective treatment for schizophrenia: A cautious or cautionary tale? (Invited essay). Behav Res Therapy 42:1377-1401
58. Viirre E, Bush D (2002) Direct effects of virtual environments on users. In: Stanney KM (ed) Handbook of virtual enviDonments: design, implementation and applications. New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum
59. Vincelli F, Anolli L, Bouchard S, Wiederhold BK, Zurloni V, Riva G (2003) Experiential cognitive therapy in the treatment of panic disorders with agoraphobia: A controlled study. CyberPsychol Behav 6:321-328
60. Wald J (2004). Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for driving phobia: A multiple baseline across-subjects design. Behav Ther 35:621-635
61. Wald J, Taylor S (2000). Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy to treat driving phobia: A case report. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatr 31:249-257
62. Walshe DG, Lewis EJ, Kim SI, O'Sullivan K, Wiederhold BK (2003) Exploring the use of computer games and virtual reality in exposure therapy for fear of driving following a motor vehicle accident. CyberPsychol Behav 6:329-334
63. Walshe DG, Lewis EJ, O'Sullivan K, Kim SI (2005) Virtually driving: Are the driving environments "real enough" for exposure therapy with accident victims? An explorative study. CyberPsychol Behav 8:532-537
64. Wiederhold BK, Gevirtz RN, Spira JL (2001) Virtual reality exposure therapy vs. imagery desensitization in the treatment of flying phobia. In: Riva G, Galimberti C (eds) Towards cyberpsMchology: mind, cognitions and society in the internet age. Amsterdam, IOS press, pp 253-272
65. Wiederhold BK, Gevirtz R, Wiederhold MD (1998) Fear of flying: A case report using virtual reality therapy with physiological monitoring. CyberPsychol Behav 1:97-103
66. Wiederhold BK, Wiederhold MD (2003) Three-Year Follow-Up for Virtual Reality Exposure for Fear of Flying. CyberPsychol Behav 6:441-445
67. da Costa RMEM, De Carvalho LAV (2004) The acceptance of virtual reality devices for cognitive rehabilitation: A report of positive results with schizophrenia. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 73:173-182