Biliary complications after deceased-donor orthotopic liver transplantation

Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 487-496

  Pascher, Andreas ^a   Neuhaus, Peter ^a  

^a CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Bile duct complication; Liver transplantation

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BILIRUBIN; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID;

ABDOMINAL DISTENSION; ABDOMINAL PAIN; ANOREXIA; ARTERY THROMBOSIS; ARTICLE; BALLOON DILATATION; BILE DUCT BYPASS; BILE DUCT OBSTRUCTION; BILE DUCT RECONSTRUCTION; BILE DUCT STONE; BILE LEAKAGE; BILIARY TRACT DISEASE; BILIARY TRACT ENDOSCOPY; BILIARY TRACT SURGERY; BLEEDING; CADAVER DONOR; CHOLEDOCHOJEJUNOSTOMY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; ECHOGRAPHY; END TO END ANASTOMOSIS; END TO SIDE ANASTOMOSIS; ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC SPHINCTEROTOMY; FEVER; GRAFT INFECTION; GRAFT RECIPIENT; HEPATIC ARTERY; HICCUP; HUMAN; LIVER BIOPSY; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LIVING DONOR; MAGNETIC RESONANCE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY; MALAISE; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; NON INVASIVE MEASUREMENT; PARALYTIC ILEUS; PERCUTANEOUS TRANSHEPATIC DRAINAGE; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; REPERFUSION INJURY; RISK FACTOR; ROUX Y ANASTOMOSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SHOULDER PAIN; STENT; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SYMPTOM; T TUBE;

BILIARY TRACT DISEASES; HUMANS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; RISK FACTORS; STENTS; TISSUE DONORS;

EID: 34248671407     PISSN: 09441166     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00534-005-1083-z     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. BY Tung MB Kimmey 1999 Biliary complications of orthotopic liver transplantation Dig Dis 17 133-44 10697662 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7mt1Oksg%3D%3D 10.1159/000016918
2. PR Pfau ML Kochman JD Lewis WB Long MR Lucey K Olthoff 2000 Endoscopic management of postoperative biliary complications in orthotopic liver transplantation Gastrointest Endosc 52 55-63 10882963 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvlslyitA%3D%3D 10.1067/mge.2000.106687
3. S Jagganath AN Kaloo 2002 Biliary complications after liver transplantation Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 5 101-12
4. PJ Thuluvath PR Pfau MB Kimmey GG Ginsberg 2005 Biliary complications after liver transplantation: The role of endoscopy Endoscopy 37 857-63 16116539 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2MvkvVygtg%3D%3D 10.1055/s-2005-870192
5. F Grief OL Bronsther DH VanThiel A Casavilla S Iwatsuki A Tzakis 1994 The incidence, timing and management of biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation Ann Surg 219 40-5
6. P Boraschi G Braccini R Gigoni G Sartoni E Neri F Filipponi 2001 Detection of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation with MR cholangiography Magn Reson Imaging 19 1097-105 11711234 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mnms1Sntg%3D%3D 10.1016/S0730-725X(01)00443-X
7. JY Sung JW Costerton EA Shaffer 1992 Defense system in the biliary tract against bacterial infection Dig Dis Sci 37 689-96 1563308 1:STN:280:By2B38vnslU%3D 10.1007/BF01296423
8. P Neuhaus G Blumhardt WO Bechstein R Steffen KP Platz H Keck 1994 Technique and results of biliary reconstruction using side-to-side choledochocholedochostomy in 300 orthotopic liver transplants Ann Surg 219 426-34 8161269 1:STN:280:ByuB3MzlsFE%3D 10.1097/ 00000658-199404000-00014
9. H Keck JM Langrehr G Blumhardt 1994 Incidence of biliary complications following side-to-side choledochocholedochostomy after liver transplantation Transplant Proc 26 3544-5 7998269 1:STN:280:ByqD1M%2FovFI%3D
10. JM Rabkin SL Orloff MH Reed LJ Wheeler CL Corless KG Benner 1998 Biliary tract complications of side-to-side without T-tube versus end-to-end with or without T-tube choledochocholedochostomy in liver transplant recipients Transplantation 65 193-9 9458013 1:STN:280:DyaK1c7hslaitQ%3D%3D 10.1097/00007890-199801270-00008
11. BR Davidson R Rai TR Kurzawinski L Selves M Farouk JS Dooley 1999 Prospective randomized trial of end-to-end versus side-to-side biliary reconstruction after orthotopic liver transplantation Br J Surg 86 447-52 10215812 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3jtlOmtQ%3D%3D 10.1046/ j.1365-2168.1999.01073.x 447-52 10215812
12. A Shaked 1997 Use of T-tube in liver transplantation Liver Transplant Surg 3 Suppl 22-3
13. MK Porayko M Kondo JL Steers 1995 Liver transplantation: Late complications of the biliary tract and their management Semin Liver Dis 15 139-55 7660167 1:STN:280:ByqA1cbitFY%3D
14. JW Ostroff JP Roberts RL Gordon EJ Ring NL Ascher 1990 The management of T-tube leaks in orthotopic liver transplant recipients with endoscopically placed nasobiliary catheters Transplantation 49 922-4 2336710 1:STN:280:By%2BB2cnltFY%3D 10.1097/00007890-199005000-00018
15. TP O'Connor D Lewis RL Jenkins 1995 Biliary tract complications after liver transplantation Arch Surg 130 312-7 7887800
16. MC Shuhart KV Kowdley JP McVicar CA Rohmann MF McDonald DW Wadland 1998 Predictors of bile leaks after T-tube removal in orthotopic liver transplant recipients Liver Transplant Surg 4 62-70 1:STN:280:DyaK1c7hslWksQ%3D%3D 10.1002/lt.500040109
17. L Grande A Pérez-Castilla D Matus C Ridriguez-Montalve A Rimola M Navasa 1999 Routine use of the T-tube in the biliary reconstruction of liver transplantation: Is it worthwhile? Transplant Proc 31 2396-7 10500637 1:STN:280:DyaK1MvjtVChtg%3D%3D 10.1016/S0041-1345(99)00398-X
18. YB Qian CL Liu CM Lo ST Fan 2004 Risk factors for biliary complications after liver transplantation Arch Surg 139 1101-5 15492152 10.1001/ archsurg.139.10.1101
19. RW Osorio CE Freise PG Stock JR Lake JM Laberge RL Gordon 1993 Nonoperative management of biliary leaks after orthotopic liver transplantation Transplantation 55 1074-7 8497884 1:STN:280:ByyB28bis1A%3D 10.1097/00007890-199305000-00026
20. L Urbani A Campatelli J Romagnoli G Catalano G Sartoni A Costa 2002 T-tube removal after liver transplantation: A new technique that reduces biliary complications Transplantation 74 410-3 12177624 10.1097/ 00007890-200208150-00021
21. K Rolles G Fusai N Rolando R Koti D Patch BR Davidson 2005 Endoscopic biliary stenting facilitates safe and early removal of T-tube in liver transplant patients Minerva Chir 60 31-5 15902051 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M3mtFektg%3D%3D
22. V Vougas M Rela E Gane 1996 A prospective randomized trial of bile duct reconstruction at liver transplantation: T-tube or no T-tube? Transplant Int 9 492-5 10.1007/BF00335701
23. O Scatton B Meunier D Cherqui O Boillot A Sauvanet K Boudjema 2001 Randomized trial of choledochocholedocho-stomy with or without a T-tube in orthotopic liver transplantation Ann Surg 233 432-7 11224633 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7ps1ektw%3D%3D 10.1097/00000658-200103000-00019
24. T Kusano HB Randall JP Roberts NL Ascher 2005 The use of stents for duct-to-duct anastomoses of biliary reconstruction in orthotopic liver transplantation Hepatogastro-enterology 52 695-9
25. M Shimoda S Saab M Morrisey RM Ghobrial DG Farmer P Chen 2001 A cost-effectiveness analysis of biliary anastomosis with or without T-tube after orthotopic liver transplantation Am J Transplant 1 157-61 12099364 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38zls1SmtQ%3D%3D
26. A Amador R Charco J Marti 2005 Cost/efficacy clinical trial about the use of T-tube in cadaveric donor liver transplant: Preliminary results Transplant Proc 37 1129-30 15848645 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M3hsV2ruw%3D%3D 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.01.015
27. F Innocenti J Hepp R Humeres H Rios L Suarez R Zapata 2004 Transcystic cholangiogram access via rubber band with early withdrawal after liver transplantation: A safe technique Transplant Proc 36 1681-2 15350451 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2cvksVertg%3D%3D 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.06.062
28. AN Langnas W Marujo RJ Stratta RP Wood SJ Li BW Shaw 1991 Hepatic allograft rescue following arterial thrombosis Transplantation 51 86-90 1987710 1:STN:280:By6C3c3otlY%3D 10.1097/00007890-199101000-00013
29. L Sanchez-Urdazpal GJ Gores EM Ward TP Maus HE Wahlstrom 1992 Ischemic-type biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation Hepatology 16 49-53 1618482 1:STN:280:By2A3MnkvV0%3D
30. PA Sheiner CV Varma JV Guarrera J Cooper M Garatti S Emre 1997 Selective revascularization of hepatic artery thromboses after liver transplantation improves patient and graft survival Transplantation 64 1295-9 9371671 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FjslOhsA%3D%3D 10.1097/ 00007890-199711150-00011
31. BJ Stange M Glanemann NC Nuessler U Settmacher T Steinmuller P Neuhaus 2003 Hepatic artery thrombosis after adult liver transplantation Liver Transpl 9 612-20 12783404 10.1053/jlts.2003.50098
32. RW Busuttil DG Farmer H Yersiz JR Hiatt SV McDiarmid LI Goldstein 2005 Analysis of long-term outcomes of 3200 liver transplantations over two decades: A single-center experience Ann Surg 241 905-16 15912040 10.1097/ 01.sla.0000164077.77912.98
33. MS Abouljoud DY Kim A Yoshida J Arenas J Jerius L Malinzak 2005 Impact of aberrant arterial anatomy and location of anastomosis on technical outcomes after liver transplantation J Gastrointest Surg 9 672-8 15862262 10.1016/j.gassur.2005.01.002
34. WE Saad NE Saad MG Davies DE Lee NC Patel LG Sahler 2005 Transhepatic balloon dilation of anastomotic biliary strictures in liver transplant recipients: The significance of a patent hepatic artery J Vasc Interv Radiol 16 1221-8 16151063
35. NC Nuessler U Settmacher R Haase B Stange M Heise P Neuhaus 2003 Diagnosis and treatment of arterial steal syndromes in liver transplant recipients Liver Transpl 9 596-602 10.1053/jlts.2003.50080
36. MA Moser WJ Wall 2001 Management of biliary problems after liver transplantation Liver Transpl 7 11 Suppl 2 S46-52 11689776 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnktVShsA%3D%3D 10.1053/jlts.2001.28518
37. G Testa M Malago CE Broelsch 2001 Complications of biliary tract in liver transplantation World J Surg 25 1296-9 11596893 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrltVKqsw%3D%3D 10.1007/s00268-001-0113-5
38. HG Hendriks J van der Meer JT de Wolf PM Peeters RJ Porte K De Jong 2005 Intraoperative blood transfusion requirement is the main determinant of early surgical re-intervention after orthotopic liver transplantation Transpl Int 17 673-9 15717214 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M7hsVaitw%3D%3D 10.1007/ s00147-004-0793-5
39. N Nakamura S Nishida GR Neff A Vaidya DM Levi T Kato 2005 Intrahepatic biliary strictures without hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation: An analysis of 1113 liver transplantations at a single center Transplantation 79 427-32 15729168 10.1097/ 01.TP.0000152800.19986.9E
40. JO Colonna A Shaked AS Gomes SD Colquhoun O Jurim SV McDiarmid 1992 Biliary strictures complicating liver transplantation. Incidence, pathogenesis, management, and outcome Ann Surg 216 344-50 1417184 10.1097/00000658-199209000-00014
41. L Sanchez-Urdazpal GJ Gores EM Ward TP Maus EG Buckel 1993 Diagnostic features and clinical outcome of ischemic-type biliary complications after liver transplantation Hepatology 17 605-9 8477965 1:STN:280:ByyB3sbhtFQ%3D
42. A Fisher CM Miller 1995 Ischemic-type biliary strictures in liver allografts: The Achilles heel revisited? Hepatology 21 589-91 7843733 1:STN:280:ByqC2cngs1M%3D 10.1016/0270-9139(95)90123-X
43. HJ Schlitt PN Meier B Nashan J Oldhaferk K Boekey P Flemming 1999 Reconstructive surgery for ischemic-type lesions at the bile duct bifurcation after liver transplantation Ann Surg 229 137-45 9923811 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7itVKrtA%3D%3D 10.1097/00000658-199901000-00018
44. RE Hintze A Adler W Veltzke H Abou-Rebyeh R Felix P Neuhaus 1997 Endoscopic management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation Hepatogastroenterology 44 258-62 9058155 1:STN:280:ByiB3M7hsFM%3D
45. M Scotte B Dousset Y Calmus F Conti D Houssin Y Chapuis 1994 The influence of cold ischemia time on biliary complications following liver transplantation J Hepatol 21 340-6 7836702 1:STN:280:ByqC3sfksFM%3D 10.1016/S0168-8278(05)80311-3
46. C Moench K Moench AW Lohse J Thies G Otto 2003 Prevention of ischemic-type biliary lesions by arterial back-table pressure perfusion Liver Transpl 9 285-9 12619026 10.1053/jlts.2003.50015
47. WG Polak S Miyamoto BA Nemes PM Peeters KP de Jong RJ Porte 2005 Sequential and simultaneous revascularization in adult orthotopic piggyback liver transplantation Liver Transpl 11 934-40 16035059 10.1002/ lt.20513
48. S Kakizoe K Yanaga TE Starzl AJ Demetris 1990 Evaluation of protocol before transplantation and after reperfusion biopsies from human orthotopic liver allografts: Considerations of preservation and early immunological injury Hepatology 11 932-41 2365291 1:STN:280:By%2BA3cnptFQ%3D
49. J Busquets J Figueras T Serrano J Torras E Ramos A Rafecas 2001 Postreperfusion biopsies are useful in predicting complications after liver transplantation Liver Transpl 7 432-5 11349264 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvjsFOkug%3D%3D 10.1053/jlts.2001.23868
50. L Sanchez-Urdazpal KP Batts GJ Gores SB Moore S Sterioff 1993 Increased bile duct complications in liver transplantations across the ABO barrier Ann Surg 218 152-8 8342994 1:STN:280:ByyA2czmvVY%3D 10.1097/ 00000658-199308000-00006
51. CM Lo A Shaked RW Busuttil 1994 Risk factors for liver transplantation across the ABO barrier Transplantation 58 543-7 8091480 1:STN:280:ByuA2sfivFc%3D 10.1097/00007890-199409000-00003
52. J Ludwig RH Wiesner KP Batts JD Perkins RA Krom 1987 Acute vanishing bile duct syndrome (acute irreversible rejection) after orthotopic liver transplantation Hepatology 7 476-83 3552923 1:STN:280:BiiC1M3kslY%3D
53. IW Graziadei 2002 Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation Liver Transpl 8 575-81 12089708 10.1053/ jlts.2002.33952
54. JA Goss CR Shackleton DG Farmer WS Arnaout P Seu JS Markowitz 1997 Orthotopic liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. A 12-year single center experience Ann Surg 225 472-83 9193175 1:STN:280:ByiA3snkt1A%3D 10.1097/00000658-199705000-00004
55. IW Graziadei RH Wiesner PJ Marottta MK Porayko JE Hay MR Charlton 1999 Long-term results of patients undergoing liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis Hepatology 30 1121-7 10534330 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FgsVGqug%3D%3D 10.1002/hep.510300501
56. A Vera S Moledina B Gunson S Hubscher D Mirza S Olliff 2002 Risk factors for recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis of liver allograft Lancet 360 1943-4 12493264 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11861-7
57. MM Guichelaar JT Benson M Malinchoc RA Krom RH Wiesher MR Charlton 2003 Risk factors for and clinical course of non-anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation Am J Transplant 3 885-90 12814481 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2003.00165.x
58. C Moench A Uhrig AW Lohse G Otto 2004 CC chemokine receptor 5 delta 32 polymorphism - a risk factor for ischemic-type biliary lesions following orthotopic liver transplantation Liver Transpl 10 434-9 15004773 10.1002/ lt.20095
59. JO Colonna 1996 Technical problems: Biliary R Busuttil G Klintmalm Transplantation of the liver, First edn W B Saunders Philadelphia 617-25
60. M Sebagh F Yilmaz V Karam B Falissard B Roche D Azoulay 2005 The histologic pattern of "biliary tract pathology" is accurate for the diagnosis of biliary complications Am J Surg Pathol 29 318-23 15725799 10.1097/01.pas.0000152139.66524.ab
61. JW Ostroff 2001 Posttransplant biliary problems Gastrointest Endosc Clin North Am 11 163-83 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3itlKjsA%3D%3D
62. J Ludwig KP Batts RL MacCarty 1992 Ischemic cholangitis in hepatic allografts Mayo Clin Proc 67 519-26 1434878 1:STN:280:ByyD287jtlw%3D
63. M Sebagh K Rifai C Feray F Yilmaz B Falissard B Roche 2003 All liver recipients benefit from the protocol 10-year liver biopsies Hepatology 37 1293-301 12774007 10.1053/jhep.2003.50231
64. T Zoepf EJ Maldonado-Lopez P Hilgard A Dechene M Malago CE Broelsch 2005 Diagnosis of biliary strictures after liver transplantation: Which is the best tool? World J Gastroenterol 11 2945-8 15902733
65. SV McDiarmid TR Hall EG Grant AL Milewicz K Olthoff J Lois 1991 Failure of duplex sonography to diagnose hepatic artery thrombosis in a high risk group of pediatric liver transplant recipients J Pediatr Surg 26 710-3 1941463 1:STN:280:By2D2crisFQ%3D 10.1016/0022-3468(91)90016-M
66. S Quiroga MC Sebastia C Margarit L Castells R Boye A Alvarez-Castells 2001 Complications of orthotopic liver transplantation: Spectrum of findings with helical CT Radiographics 21 1085-102 11553818 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mrhs1Sqsw%3D%3D
67. YF Cheng TY Lee CL Chen TL Huang YS Chen CC Lui 1997 Three-dimensional helical computed tomographic cholangiography: Application to living related hepatic transplantation Clin Transplant 11 209-13 9193844 1:STN:280:ByiA3sjhtVY%3D
68. HJ O'Connor CR Vickers JA Buckels P McMaster JM Neuberger RJ West 1991 Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after orthotopic liver transplantation Gut 32 419-23 2026341
69. S Sherman P Jamidar A Shaked BJ Kendall LI Goldstein RW Busuttil 1995 Biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Endoscopic approach to diagnosis and therapy Transplantation 60 467-70 7676495 1:STN:280:ByqH3cnpsVc%3D 10.1097/00007890-199509000-00011
70. R Shah J Dooley R Agarwal D Patch AK Burroughs K Rolles 2002 Routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the detction of early biliary complications after liver transplantation Liver Transpl 8 491-4 12004351 10.1053/jlts.2002.32718
71. KI Norton JS Lee D Kogan RB Glass BL Shneider GP Rodriguez-Laiz 2001 The role of magnetic resonance cholangiography in the management of children and young adults after liver transplantation Pediatr Transplant 5 410-8 11765725 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FjslGqtg%3D%3D
72. JA Soto MA Barish EK Yucel JT Ferrucci 1995 MR cholangiopancreatography: findings on 3D fast spinecho imaging AJR Am J Roentgenol 165 1397-401 7484573 1:STN:280:BymD2s3mvVE%3D
73. C Reinhold PM Bret 1996 Current status of MR cholangiopancreatography AJR Am J Roentgenol 166 1285-95 8633434 1:STN:280:BymB383mvVw%3D
74. CD Becker M Grossholz G Mentha R de Peyer F Terrier 1997 MR cholangiopancreatography: Technique, potential indications, and diagnostic features of benign, postoperative, and malignant conditions Eur Radiol 7 865-74 9228102 1:STN:280:ByiA2szmsVE%3D 10.1007/ s003300050220
75. AS Fulcher MA Turner 1999 Orthotopic liver transplantation: Evaluation with MR cholangiography Radiology 211 715-22 10352596 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3otVylsA%3D%3D
76. A Laghi P Pavone C Catalano M Rossi V Panebianco D Alfani 1999 MR cholangiography of late biliary complications after liver transplantation AJR Am J Roentgenol 172 1541-6 10350286 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3nslOruw%3D%3D
77. V Meersschaut KJ Mortele R Troisi H Van Vlierberghe M De Vos L Defreyne 2000 Value of MR cholangiography in the evaluation of postoperative biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation Eur Radiol 10 1576-81 11044927 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3crgtVOiuw%3D%3D 10.1007/ s003300000379
78. R Ott H Greess U Aichinger F Fellner C Herold S Yedibela 2002 Clinical value of MRC in the follow-up of liver transplant patients with a choledochojejunostomy Abdom Imaging 27 336-43 12173367 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38vhvVGqtg%3D%3D
79. P Boraschi F Donati R Gigoni L Urbani M Femia MC Cossu 2004 Ischemic-type biliary lesions in liver transplant recipients: Evaluation with magnetic resonance cholangiography Transplant Proc 36 2744-7 15621138 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2cnksFOntQ%3D%3D 10.1016/ j.transproceed.2004.09.038
80. C Valls E Alba M Cruz J Figueras E Andia A Sanchez 2005 Biliary complications after liver transplantation: Diagnosis with MR cholangiopancreatography AJR Am J Roentgenol 184 812-20 15728602
81. P Boraschi F Donati A Volpi G Campori 2005 On the AJR viewbox. Intrapancreatic accessory spleen: Diagnosis with RES-specific contrast-enhanced MRI AJR Am J Roentgenol 184 1712-3 15855152
82. C Margarit E Hidalgo JL Lázaro E Murio R Charco J Balsells 1998 Biliary complications secondary to late hepatic artery thrombosis in adult liver transplant patients Transpl Int 11 Suppl 1 S251-4 9664990 10.1007/s001470050472
83. RJ Stratta RP Wood AN Langnas RR Hollins KJ Bruder JP Donovan 1989 Diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation Surgery 106 675-84 2799642 1:STN:280:By%2BD3Mbps1E%3D
84. TD Johnston R Gates KS Reddy NJ Nickl D Ranjan 2000 Nonoperative management of bile leaks following liver transplantation Clin Transpl 14 365-9 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FntlWnsQ%3D%3D 10.1034/ j.1399-0012.2000.14040102.x
85. AS Klien S Savader JP Burdick S Fair M Mitchell P Colombani 1991 Reduction of morbidity and mortality from biliary complications after liver transplantation Hepatology 14 818-23
86. R Sheng JK Sammon AB Zajko WL Campbell 1994 Bile leak after hepatic transplantation: Cholangiographic features, prevalence, and clinical outcome Radiology 192 413-6 8029406 1:STN:280:ByuA3c3it1M%3D
87. DJ Verran SK Asfar CN Ghent DR Grant WJ Wall 1997 Biliary reconstruction without T-tubes or stents in liver transplantation: Report of 502 consecutive cases Liver Transpl Surg 3 365-73 9346765 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2Fgtlertg%3D%3D 10.1002/lt.500030403
88. RS Brown MW Russo M Lai ML Shiffman MC Richardson JE Everhart 2003 A survey of liver transplantation from living adult donors in the United States N Engl J Med 348 818-25 12606737 10.1056/NEJMsa021345
89. Y Sugawara M Makuuchi K Sano T Ohkubo J Kaneko T Takayama 2002 Duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction in living-related liver transplantation Transplantation 73 1348-50 11981435 10.1097/ 00007890-200204270-00029
90. U Settmacher Steinmueller Th SC Schmidt M Heise A Pascher T Theruvath 2003 Technique of bile duct reconstruction and management of biliary complications in right lobe living donor liver transplantation Clin Transplant 17 37-42 12588320 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s7htFyisQ%3D%3D 10.1034/ j.1399-0012.2003.02058.x
91. G Testa M Malagó C Valentin-Gamazo G Lindell CE Broelsch 2000 Biliary anastomosis in living related liver transplantation using the right liver lobe: Techniques and complications Liver Transpl 6 710-4 11084056 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FmtlGjtA%3D%3D 10.1053/jlts.2000.18706
92. RS Rizk JP McVicar MJ Edmond CA Rohrmann Jr KV Kowdrey J Perkins 1998 Endoscopic management of biliary strictures in liver transplant recipients; effect on patient and graft survival Gastrointest Endosc 47 128-35 9512276 1:STN:280:DyaK1c7ntFagsg%3D%3D 10.1016/ S0016-5107(98)70344-X
93. N Bourgeois J Deviere P Yeaton F Bourgeois M Adler J Van De Stadt 1995 Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography after liver transplantation Gastrointest Endosc 42 527-34 8674922 1:STN:280:BymB3srot10%3D 10.1016/S0016-5107(95)70005-6
94. AF Rossi C Grosso G Zanasi P Gambitta M Bini L De Carlis 1998 Long-term efficacy of endoscopic stenting in patients with stricture of the biliary anastomosis after orthotopic liver transplantation Endoscopy 30 360-6 9689509 1:STN:280:DyaK1czltl2gtg%3D%3D
95. S Mosca G Militerno MA Guardascione L Amitrano FP Picciotto O Cuomo 2000 Late biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation: diagnostic and therapeutic role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15 654-60 10921420 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FjsFSisw%3D%3D 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02198.x
96. RV Mahajani SJ Cotler F Uzor 2000 Efficacy of endoscopic management of anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation Endoscopy 32 843-9 10.1055/s-2000-9619
97. DA Schwartz BT Pettersen JJ Poterucha CJ Gostont 2000 Endoscopic therapy of anastomotic bile duct strictures occurring after liver transplantation Gastrointest Endosc 51 169-74 10650259 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7hslOmuw%3D%3D 10.1016/S0016-5107(00)70413-5
98. JR Lake 1995 Long-term management of biliary tract complications Liver Transpl Surg 1 45-54 9346600 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2Fgtlajtg%3D%3D 10.1002/ lt.500010414
99. BD Petersen SR Maxfield K Ivancev BT Uchida JM Rabkin J Rosch 1996 Biliary strictures in hepatic transplantation: Treatment with self-expanding Z stents J Vasc Interv Radiol 7 221-8 9007801 1:STN:280:ByiC28%2FivVE%3D
100. O Guckelberger B Stange M Glanemann E Lopez-Hanninen C Heidenhaih S Jonas 2005 Hepatic resection in liver transplant recipients: Single center experience and review of the literature Am J Transplant 5 2403-9 16162188 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.01032.x
101. A Pascher P Neuhaus 2005 Bile duct complications after liver transplantation Transpl Int 18 627-42 15910286 10.1111/ j.1432-2277.2005.00123.x
102. DV Gopal PR Pfau MR Lucey 2003 Endoscopic management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 6 509-15 14585240
103. J Neuberger 2003 Liver transplantation for cholestatic liver disease Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 6 113-21 12628070
104. B Brandsaeter H Isoniemi U Broome M Olausson L Backman B Hasen 2004 Liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis; predictors and consequences of hepatobiliary malignancy J Hepatol 40 815-22 15094230 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c3osl2mug%3D%3D 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.01.002
105. PA Clavien Ca Camargo L Bailile JG Fitz 1995 Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction after liver transplantation Dig Dis Sci 40 73-4 7821122 1:STN:280:ByqC387htVI%3D 10.1007/BF02063944
106. V Douzdjian MM Abecassis FC Johlin 1994 Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction following liver transplantation Dig Dis Sci 39 253-6 8313805 1:STN:280:ByuC2cjovVE%3D 10.1007/BF02090194
107. R Sheng CB Ramirez AB Zajko WL Campbell 1996 Biliary stones and sludge in liver transplant patients: A 13-year experience Radiology 198 243-7 8539387 1:STN:280:BymC38zhslE%3D
108. TE Starzl CW Putnam JF Hansbrough 1997 Biliary complications after liver transplantation: With special reference to the biliary cast syndrome and techniques of secondary duct repair Surgery 81 212-21
109. M Farouk GD Branum CR Walters 1991 Bile compositional changes and cholesterol stone formation following orthotopic liver transplantation Transplantation 52 727-30 1926353 1:STN:280:By2D38zlsFY%3D
110. C Manzarbeitia J Jonsson V Rustgi VK Oyloe L Olson L Hefter 1993 Management of hemobilia after liver biopsy in liver transplant recipients Transplantation 56 1545-7 8279035 1:STN:280:ByuC3cngtVM%3D
111. J Pitre B Dousset P Massault O Soubrane P Legmann D Houssin 1997 Multiple intrahepatic stones caused by hemobilia in liver transplant recipients Surgery 121 352-4 9068678 1:STN:280:ByiB387mtlY%3D 10.1016/ S0039-6060(97)90365-2
112. M Lang U Neumann AR Mueller WO Bechstein R Neuhaus P Neuhaus 1999 Complications of percutaneous liver biopsy in patients after liver transplantation Z Gastroenterol 37 205-8 10234792 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3ltFWjsg%3D%3D