Advances in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer

Women's Health

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 325-339

  Briest, Susanne ^a,b   Stearns, Vered ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adjuvant treatment; Aromatase inhibitors; Breast cancer; Chemotherapy; Hormonal therapy; Neoadjuvant treatment; Trastuzumab

Indexed keywords

4 HYDROXYTAMOXIFEN; AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE; ANASTROZOLE; ANTHRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; CARBOPLATIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DOCETAXEL; DOXORUBICIN; EPIRUBICIN; EXEMESTANE; FLUOROURACIL; GEMCITABINE; GONADORELIN AGONIST; GOSERELIN; LETROZOLE; METHOTREXATE; NAVELBINE; PACLITAXEL; TAMOXIFEN; TAMOXIFEN CITRATE; TRASTUZUMAB; TRIPTORELIN; ZOLEDRONIC ACID;

ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; BONE DISEASE; BREAST CANCER; BREAST SURGERY; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER HORMONE THERAPY; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER REGRESSION; CANCER RESISTANCE; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TARGETING; ENDOMETRIUM CANCER; HUMAN; HYSTERECTOMY; LOADING DRUG DOSE; META ANALYSIS; MONOTHERAPY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NONHUMAN; OSTEOLYSIS; PREMENOPAUSE; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; STROKE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 34248667925     PISSN: 17455057     EISSN: 17455065     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/17455057.3.3.325     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Berry DA, Cronin KA, Plevritis SK et al.: Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 353(17), 1784-1792 (2005).
2. Beatson G: On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma: suggestions for a new method of treatment, with illustrative cases. Lancet 148(3802), 101-107 (1896).
3. Anderson WF, Chatterjee N, Ershler WB, Brawley OW: Estrogen receptor breast cancer phenotypes in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 76(1), 27-36 (2002).
4. Fracchia AA, Farrow JH, DePalo AJ, Connolly DP, Huvos AG: Castration for primary inoperable or recurrent breast carcinoma. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 128(6), 1226-1234 (1969).
5. Choueiri TK, Alemany CA, Abou-Jawde RM, Budd GT: Role of aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer. Clin. Ther. 26(8), 1199-1214 (2004).
6. Cole MP, Jones CT, Todd ID: A new anti-oestrogenic agent in late breast cancer. An early clinical appraisal of ICI46474. Br. J. Cancer 25(2), 270-275 (1971).
7. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG): Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 365(9472), 1687-1717 (2005).
8. Fisher B, Dignam J. Bryant J, Wolmark N: Five versus more than five years of tamoxifen for lymph node-negative breast cancer: updated findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-14 randomized trial. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 93(9), 684-690 (2001).
9. Osborne CK: Tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 339(22), 1609-1618 (1998).
10. Paik S, Shak S. Tang G et al.: A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 351(27), 2817-2826 (2004).
11. Goetz MP, Rae JM, Suman VJ et al.: Pharmacogenetics of tamoxifen biotransformation is associated with clinical outcomes of efficacy and hot flashes. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(36), 9312-9318 (2005).
12. Jin Y, Desta Z, Stearns V et al.: CYP2D6 genotype, antidepressant use, and tamoxifen metabolism during adjuvant breast cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst. 97(1), 30-39 (2005).
13. Haynes BP, Dowsett M, Miller WR, Dixon JM, Bhatnagar AS: The pharmacology of letrozole. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 87(1), 35-45 (2003).
14. Lonning PE, Dowsett M, Powles TJ: Postmenopausal estrogen synthesis and metabolism: alterations caused by aromatase inhibitors used for the treatment of breast cancer. J. Steroid Biochem. 35(3-4), 355-366 (1990).
15. Lonning PE: Exemestane: a review of its clinical efficacy and safety. Breast 10(3), 198-208 (2001).
16. Miller WR,O'Neill J: The importance of local synthesis of estrogen within the breast. Steroids 50(4-6), 537-548 (1987).
17. Geisler J, Haynes B, Anker G, Dowsett M, Lonning PE: Influence of letrozole and anastrozole on total body aromatization and plasma estrogen levels in postmenopausal breast cancer patients evaluated in a randomized, cross-over study. J. Clin. Oncol. 20(3), 751-757 (2002).
18. Bernardi A, Zamagni C, Di Fabrio F, Piana E, Martoni A, Vecchi F: Randomized comparative study on estrogen suppression induced by 3 different aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 21, 217 (2002) (Abstract).
19. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Martino S et al.: A randomized trial of letrozole in postmenopausal women after five years of tamoxifen therapy for early-stage breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 349(19), 1793-1802 (2003).
20. Howell A, Cuzick J, Baum M et al.: Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet 365(9453), 60-62 (2005).
21. Thurlimann B, Keshaviah A, Coates AS et al.: A comparison of letrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 353(26), 2747-2757 (2005).
22. Coombes RC, Hall E, Gibson LJ et al.: A randomized trial of exemestane after two to three years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 350(11), 1081-1092 (2004).
23. Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Puntoni M et al.: Switching to anastrozole versus continued tamoxifen treatment of early breast cancer: preliminary results of the Italian Tamoxifen Anastrozole Trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(22), 5138-5147 (2005).
24. Jakesz R, Jonat W, Gnant M et al.: Switching of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer to anastrozole after 2 years' adjuvant tamoxifen: combined results of ABCSG trial 8 and ARNO 95 trial. Lancet 366(9484), 455-462 (2005).
25. Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Aldrighetti, D et al.: Switching to an aromatase inhibitor provides mortality benefit in early breast carcinoma. Cancer 109(6), 1060-1067 (2007).
26. Jonat W, Gnant M, Boccardo F et al.: Effectiveness of switching from adjuvant tamoxifen to anastrozole in postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive early-stage breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 7, 991-996 (2006).
27. Ingle JN, Tu D. Pater JL et al.: Duration of letrozole treatment and outcomes in the placebo-controlled NCIC CTG MA. 17 extended adjuvant therapy trial. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 99(3), 295-300 (2006).
28. Jakesz R, Samonigg H, Greil R et al.: Extended adjuvant treatment with anastrozole: Results from the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 6a (ABCSG-6a). J. Clin. Oncol. (Meeting Abstracts) 23(Suppl. 16) (2005) (Abstract 527).
29. Mamounas E, Jeong JH, Wickerham L et al.: Benefit from exemestane (EXE) as extended adjuvant therapy after 5 years of tamoxifen (TAM: intent-to treat analysis of NSABP B-33. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 100(Suppl. 1) (2006) (Abstract 49).
30. Coombes RC. Kilburn LS, Snowdon CF et al.: Survival and safety of exemestane versus tamoxifen after 2-3 years' tamoxifen treatment (Intergroup Exemestane Study): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 369, 559-570 (2007).
31. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Martino S et al.: Randomized trial of letrozole following tamoxifen as extended adjuvant therapy in receptor-positive breast cancer: updated findings from NCIC CTG MA. 17. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 97(17), 1262-1271 (2005).
32. Winer EP, Hudis C, Burstein HJ et al.: American Society of Clinical Oncology technology assessment on the use of aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: status report 2004. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(3), 619-629 (2005).
33. Carlson RW, Brown E, Burstein HJ et al.: NCCN Task Force report: adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw. 4(Suppl. 1), S1-26 (2006).
34. Bernhard J, Zahrieh D, Castiglione-Gertsch M et al.: Adjuvant chemotherapy followed by goserelin compared with either modality alone: the impact on amenorrhea, hot flashes, and quality of life in premenopausal patients - the International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial VIII. J. Clin. Oncol. 25 (3), 263-270 (2007).
35. Davidson NE, O'Neill AM, Vukov AM, et al.: Chemoendocrine therapy for premenopausal women with axillary lymph node-positive, steroid hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: results from INT 0101 (E5188). J. Clin. Oncol. 23(25), 5973-5982 (2005).
36. Dowsett M, Stein RC, Coombes RC: Aromatization inhibition alone or in combination with GnRH agonists for the treatment of premenopausal breast cancer patients. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 43(1-3), 155-159 (1992).
37. Forward DP, Cheung KL, Jackson L, Robertson JF: Clinical and endocrine data for goserelin plus anastrozole as second-line endocrine therapy for premenopausal advanced breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer 90(3), 590-594 (2004).
38. Dowsett M, Doody D, Miall S, Howes A, English J, Coombes RC: Vorozole results in greater oestrogen suppression than formestane in postmenopausal women and when added to goserelin in premenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 56(1), 25-34 (1999).
39. Gnant MF, Mlineritsch B, Luschin-Ebengreuth G et al.: Zoledronic acid effectively prevents cancer treatment-induced bone loss in premenopausal women receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy for hormone-responsive breast cancer: a report from the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol. (2007).
40. Jonat W, Pritchard KI, Sainsbury R, Klijn JG: Trends in endocrine therapy and chemotherapy for early breast cancer: a focus on the premenopausal patient. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 132(5), 275-286 (2006).
41. Preece PE, Wood RA, Mackie CR, Cuschieri A: Tamoxifen as initial sole treatment of localised breast cancer in elderly women: a pilot study. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed) 284(6319), 869-870 (1982).
42. Smith IE, Dowsett M, Ebbs SR et al.: Neoadjuvant treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer with anastrozole, tamoxifen, or both in combination: the Immediate Preoperative Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or Combined with Tamoxifen (IMPACT) multicenter double-blind randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(22), 5108-5116 (2005).
43. Dowsett M, Allred DC, on behalf of the TransATAC Investigators: Relationship between quantitative ER and PgR expression and HER2 status with recurrence in the ATAC trial. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 100(Suppl. 1) (2006) (Abstract 48).
44. Cataliotti L, Buzdar AU, Noguchi S et al.: Comparison of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as preoperative therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: the Pre-Operative "Arimidex" Compared to Tamoxifen (PROACT) trial. Cancer 106(10), 2095-2103 (2006).
45. Eiermann W, Paepke S, Appfelstaedt J et al.: Preoperative treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients with letrozole: a randomized double-blind multicenter study. Ann. Oncol. 12(11), 1527-1532 (2001).
46. Ellis MJ, Coop A, Singh B et al.: Letrozole is more effective neoadjuvant endocrine therapy than tamoxifen for ErbB-1- and/or ErbB-2-positive, estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer: evidence from a Phase III randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 19(18), 3808-3816 (2001).
47. Kaufmann M, Hortobagyi GN, Goldhirsch A et al.: Recommendations from an international expert panel on the use of neoadjuvant (primary) systemic treatment of operable breast cancer: an update. J. Clin. Oncol. 24 (12), 1940-1949 (2006).
48. Stearns V, Davidson NE: Adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoendocrine therapy for primary breast cancer. In: Diseases of the breast. Harris JR, Lippman ME, Morrow M, Osborne CK (Eds.), Lippincott Williams & Wilkens, Philadelphia, USA, 893-919 (2004).
49. Citron ML, Berry DA, Cirrincione C et al.: Randomized trial of dose-dense versus conventionally scheduled and sequential versus concurrent combination chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant treatment of node-positive primary breast cancer: first report of Intergroup Trial C9741/Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 9741. J. Clin. Oncol. 21(8), 1431-1439 (2003).
50. Henderson IC, Berry DA, Demetri GD et al.: Improved outcomes from adding sequential paclitaxel but not from escalating doxorubicin dose in an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for patients with node-positive primary breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 21(6), 976-983 (2003).
51. Budman DR, Berry DA, Cirrincione CT et al.: Dose and dose intensity as determinants of outcome in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. The Cancer and Leukemia Group B. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 90(16), 1205-1211 (1998).
52. Berry DA, Cirrincione C, Henderson IC et al.: Estrogen-receptor status and outcomes of modern chemotherapy for patients with node-positive breast cancer. JAMA 295(14), 1658-1667 (2006).
53. Mamounas EP, Bryant J, Lembersky B et al.: Paclitaxel after doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide as adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer: results from NSABP B-28. J Clin. Oncol. 23(16), 3686-3696 (2005).
54. Martin M, Pienkowski T, Mackey J et al.: Adjuvant docetaxel for node-positive breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 352(22), 2302-2313 (2005).
55. Jones SE, Savin MA, Holmes FA et al.: Phase III trial comparing doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide with docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide as adjuvant therapy for operable breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 24(34), 5381-5387 (2006).
56. Goldstein LJ, O'Neill A, Sparano, J et al.: E2197: Phase III AT (doxorubicin/docetaxel) vs. AC (doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide) in the adjuvant treatment of node positive and high risk node negative breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (Meeting Abstracts) 23(Suppl. 16) (2005) (Abstract 512).
57. Roché H, Fumoleau P, Spielmann M et al.: Sequential adjuvant epirubicin-based and docetaxel chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer patients: The FNCLCC PACS 01 Trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 24(36), 5664-5671 (2006).
58. Sparano JA, Wang M, Martino S et al.: Phase III study of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel or docetaxel given every 3 weeks or weekly in patients with axillary node-positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer: results of North American Breast Cancer Intergroup Trial E1199. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 88 (Suppl. 1) (2006) (Abstract 48).
59. Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J et al.: Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 353(16), 1673-1684 (2005).
60. Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Procter M, Leyland-lones B et al.: Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl. J. Med. 353(16), 1659-1672 (2005).
61. Slamon D, Elermann W, Robert N et al.: Phase III randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (ACT) with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel and trastuzumab (ACTH) with docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab (TUH) in HER2 positive early breast cancer patients: BCIRG 006 study. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 88(Suppl. 1) (2005) (Abstract 2039).
62. Smith I, Procter M, Gelber RD et al.: 2-year follow-up of trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 369(9555), 29-36 (2007).
63. Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Bono P et al.: Adjuvant docetaxel or vinorelbine with or without trastuzumab for breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 354(8), 809-820 (2006).
64. Wolff AC, Davidson NE: Primary systemic therapy in operable breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 18(7), 1558-1569 (2000).
65. Wolff AC, Davidson NE: Preoperative therapy in breast cancer: lessons from the treatment of locally advanced disease. Oncologist 7(3), 239-245 (2002).
66. Smith IC, Heys SD, Hutcheon AW et al.: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: significantly enhanced response with docetaxel. J. Clin. Oncol. 20(6), 1456-1466 (2002).
67. Heys SD, Sarkar T, Hutcheon AW: Primary docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer: impact on response and survival. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 90(2), 169-185 (2005).
68. Bear HD, Anderson S, Brown A et al.: The effect on tumor response of adding sequential preoperative docetaxel to preoperative doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide: preliminary results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J. Clin. Oncol. 21(22), 4165-4174 (2003).
69. Bear HD, Anderson S, Smith RE et al.: Sequential preoperative or postoperative docetaxel added to preoperative doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide for operable breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J. Clin. Oncol. 24(13), 2019-2027 (2006).
70. Buzdar AU, Ibrahim NK, Francis D et al.: Significantly higher pathologic complete remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy with trastuzumab, paclitaxel, and epirubicin chemotherapy: results of a randomized trial in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive operable breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(16), 3676-3685 (2005).
71. Buzdar AU, Valero V, Ibrahim NK et al.: Neoadjuvant therapy with paclitaxel followed by 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy and concurrent trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive operable breast cancer: an update of the initial randomized study population and data of additional patients treated with the same regimen. Clin. Cancer Res. 13 (1), 228-233 (2007).
72. Goldhirsch A, Coates A, Gelber R, Glick J. Thurlimann B, Senn HJ: First-select the target: better choice of adjuvant treatments for breast cancer patients. Ann. Oncol. 17(12), 1772-1776 (2006).
73. Semiglazov V, Kletsel A, Semiglazov V et al.: Exemestane (E) vs tamoxifen (T) as neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with ER+ breast cancer (T2N1-2, T3N0-1, T4N0M0). J. Clin. Oncol. (Meeting Abstracts) 23(Suppl. 16) (2005) (Abstract 530).