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Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 727-757

The rise and fall of the Ebro water transfer

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

STAKEHOLDER; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; WATER DEMAND; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER PLANNING; WATER RESOURCE; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 34248664676     PISSN: 00280739     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (49)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 34248656586 scopus 로고
    • See generally, a comparative study
    • See generally KARL A. WITTFOGEL, ORIENTAL DESPOTISM (1957) (a comparative study).
    • (1957)
    • WITTFOGEL, K.A.1    DESPOTISM, O.2
  • 2
    • 34248658629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Other dams built during Roman times include the 22 m Proserpina dam (Mérida, Spain), and the 21 m Harbaqa (Palmyra, Siria) and Cornalvo (Badajoz, Spain) dams. See MIGUEL ARENILLAS PARRA, OBRAS HIDRÁULICAS ROMANAS EN HISPANIA (2002), http:// traianus.rediris.es/textos/hidraulicas.htm.
    • Other dams built during Roman times include the 22 m Proserpina dam (Mérida, Spain), and the 21 m Harbaqa (Palmyra, Siria) and Cornalvo (Badajoz, Spain) dams. See MIGUEL ARENILLAS PARRA, OBRAS HIDRÁULICAS ROMANAS EN HISPANIA (2002), http:// traianus.rediris.es/textos/hidraulicas.htm.
  • 3
    • 34248670952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See generally ANDREW M. WATSON, INNOVACIONES EN LA AGRICULTURA EN LOS PRIMEROS TIEMPOS DEL MUNDO ISLÁMICO (Ana Marínez Vela trans., Universidad de Granada ed.1998) (discussing agriculture in the early Islamic world);
    • See generally ANDREW M. WATSON, INNOVACIONES EN LA AGRICULTURA EN LOS PRIMEROS TIEMPOS DEL MUNDO ISLÁMICO (Ana Marínez Vela trans., Universidad de Granada ed.1998) (discussing agriculture in the early Islamic world);
  • 4
    • 34248677419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CARMEN TRILLO, AGUA, TIERRA Y HOMBRES EN AL-ANDALUS (2004) (analyzing the social and economic structures in Muslim Spain).
    • CARMEN TRILLO, AGUA, TIERRA Y HOMBRES EN AL-ANDALUS (2004) (analyzing the social and economic structures in Muslim Spain).
  • 5
    • 34248672385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JOAQUÍN COSTA, POLÍTICA HIDRAÚLICA: (MISIÓN SOCIAL DE LOS RIEGOS EN ESPAÑA) (1911), available at http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras /00258309899772630757857/);
    • JOAQUÍN COSTA, POLÍTICA HIDRAÚLICA: (MISIÓN SOCIAL DE LOS RIEGOS EN ESPAÑA) (1911), available at http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras /00258309899772630757857/);
  • 7
    • 34248672675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JUAN A. BoLEA-FORADADA, LOS RIEGOS DE ARAGÓN (Grupo Parlamentario Aragonés Regionalista de las Cortes de Aragón eds. 1986).
    • JUAN A. BoLEA-FORADADA, LOS RIEGOS DE ARAGÓN (Grupo Parlamentario Aragonés Regionalista de las Cortes de Aragón eds. 1986).
  • 12
    • 34248666845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, PLAN HIDROLÓGICO NACIONAL: ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICOS (2000) [hereinafter ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICOS].
    • MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, PLAN HIDROLÓGICO NACIONAL: ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICOS (2000) [hereinafter ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICOS].
  • 13
    • 34248677202 scopus 로고
    • El Plan Nacional de Obras Hidráulicas Sesenta Años Después
    • Juan de Zumárraga ed
    • Miguel Areniflas Parra, El Plan Nacional de Obras Hidráulicas Sesenta Años Después, in PLAN NACIONAL DE OBRAS HIDRÁULICAS CVII, CXI (Juan de Zumárraga ed., 1993).
    • (1993) PLAN NACIONAL DE OBRAS HIDRÁULICAS CVII, CXI
    • Areniflas Parra, M.1
  • 14
    • 34248647413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LORENZO-PARDO, supra note 7
    • LORENZO-PARDO, supra note 7.
  • 16
    • 34248653310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This was demonstrated when the Tajo-Segura transfer was finally built in the 1970s with a capacity of 1,000 hm3 because, since 1978, when the Tajo-Segura transfer became operational, the average of water transferred each year has been only 330 hm3
    • 3.
  • 17
    • 34248669400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The investments of the 1993 Plan (Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes, Informe sobre el Plan Hidrológico Nacional, 1993) were 28 billion euros, and the investments of the 2001 Plan were 19 billion euros, of which 4.7 billion euros were earmarked to build the Ebro water transfer.
    • The investments of the 1993 Plan (Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes, Informe sobre el Plan Hidrológico Nacional, 1993) were 28 billion euros, and the investments of the 2001 Plan were 19 billion euros, of which 4.7 billion euros were earmarked to build the Ebro water transfer.
  • 18
    • 34248648891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3) were North 200, Duero 1,050, Tajo 900, and Ebro 1,855; and water imports were Ebro 400, Tajo 850, Guadiana 170, Guadalquivir 100, internal Cataluña 475, Júcar 700, Segura 1,205, and Sur 105.
    • 3) were North 200, Duero 1,050, Tajo 900, and Ebro 1,855; and water imports were Ebro 400, Tajo 850, Guadiana 170, Guadalquivir 100, internal Cataluña 475, Júcar 700, Segura 1,205, and Sur 105.
  • 19
    • 34248654467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, LIBRO BLANCO DEL AGUA EN ESPAÑA 592-93 (2000).
    • MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, LIBRO BLANCO DEL AGUA EN ESPAÑA 592-93 (2000).
  • 20
    • 34249337521 scopus 로고
    • El problema de la planificación hidrológica: Una perspectiva diferente, 2
    • Federico Aguilera-Klink, El problema de la planificación hidrológica: una perspectiva diferente, 2 REVISTA DE ECONOMÍA APLICADA 209 (1993).
    • (1993) REVISTA DE ECONOMÍA APLICADA , vol.209
    • Aguilera-Klink, F.1
  • 21
    • 4243359181 scopus 로고
    • El problema de la planificación hidrológica: Una aplicación al caso español, 1
    • Arturo González-Romero & Santiago J. Rubio, El problema de la planificación hidrológica: una aplicación al caso español, 1 REVISTA DE ECONOMÍA APLICADA 33 (1993).
    • (1993) REVISTA DE ECONOMÍA APLICADA , vol.33
    • González-Romero, A.1    Rubio, S.J.2
  • 22
    • 34248638005 scopus 로고
    • El problema de la planificación hidrológica: Un argumento económico a favor de los trasvases, 2
    • Santiago J. Rubio & Arturo González-Romero, El problema de la planificación hidrológica: un argumento económico a favor de los trasvases, 2 REVISTA DE ECONOMÍA APLICADA 217 (1993).
    • (1993) REVISTA DE ECONOMÍA APLICADA , vol.217
    • Rubio, S.J.1    González-Romero, A.2
  • 23
    • 34248646663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing information indicates that irrigation acreage has more than tripled in the Segura basin from 1970 to 1995, as measured by A. Quintanilla Ródenas et al, Aproximación al estudio de la evolución temporal de la superficie en regadío de la cuenca del río Segura mediante técnicas de teledetección y SIG, in TELEDETECCIÓN 39, 43-45 Jose L. Casanova & Julia Sanz eds, 1997
    • Remote sensing information indicates that irrigation acreage has more than tripled in the Segura basin from 1970 to 1995, as measured by A. Quintanilla Ródenas et al., Aproximación al estudio de la evolución temporal de la superficie en regadío de la cuenca del río Segura mediante técnicas de teledetección y SIG, in TELEDETECCIÓN 39, 43-45 (Jose L. Casanova & Julia Sanz eds., 1997).
  • 24
    • 34248657110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the Sur basin, greenhouse production started after 1970 and acreage has expanded to around 30,000 ha (Table 1, Remote sensing images comparing Campo Dalías greenhouses between 1974 and 2000 are presented in U.N. ENV'T PROGRAM, ONE PLANET, MANY PEOPLE: ATLAs OF OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT 200-01 2005, available at
    • In the Sur basin, greenhouse production started after 1970 and acreage has expanded to around 30,000 ha (Table 1). Remote sensing images comparing Campo Dalías greenhouses between 1974 and 2000 are presented in U.N. ENV'T PROGRAM, ONE PLANET, MANY PEOPLE: ATLAs OF OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT 200-01 (2005), available at www.na.unep.net/OnePlanetManyPeople/AtlasDownload/UNEP_Atlas/ Atlas_3-5-Cropland_Screen.pdf.
  • 25
    • 34248673829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An additional of 200 hm3 was planned to be sent 180 km north to Barcelona Figure 3
    • 3 was planned to be sent 180 km north to Barcelona (Figure 3).
  • 26
    • 0242306883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic and enviromnental arguments on the transfer can be found at www.mma.es/agua/informes.htm, with the opinions of a large number of experts. A comprehensive assessment of the degradation of the Ebro Delta and the fluvial and marine ecosystems as a result of the inter-basin transfer can be found in CARLES IBAÑEZ & NARCÍS PRAT, The Environmental Impact of the Spanish National Hydrological Plan on the Lower Ebro River and Delta, 19 INT'L J. WATER RESOURCES DEV. 485 (2003),
    • Economic and enviromnental arguments on the transfer can be found at www.mma.es/agua/informes.htm, with the opinions of a large number of experts. A comprehensive assessment of the degradation of the Ebro Delta and the fluvial and marine ecosystems as a result of the inter-basin transfer can be found in CARLES IBAÑEZ & NARCÍS PRAT, The Environmental Impact of the Spanish National Hydrological Plan on the Lower Ebro River and Delta, 19 INT'L J. WATER RESOURCES DEV. 485 (2003),
  • 27
    • 34248669689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and in NARCÍS PRAT & CARLES IBAÑEZ, AVALUACIÓ CRÍTICA DEL PLAN HIDROLÒGIC NACTONAL I PROPOSTA PER A UNA GESTIÓ SOSTENIBLE DE L'AIGUA DEL BAIX EBRE (2003).
    • and in NARCÍS PRAT & CARLES IBAÑEZ, AVALUACIÓ CRÍTICA DEL PLAN HIDROLÒGIC NACTONAL I PROPOSTA PER A UNA GESTIÓ SOSTENIBLE DE L'AIGUA DEL BAIX EBRE (2003).
  • 28
    • 34248638298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The official Spanish name for the Project is Programa A.G.U.A. (Actuaciones para la Gestión y la Utilización del Agua).
    • The official Spanish name for the Project is "Programa A.G.U.A." (Actuaciones para la Gestión y la Utilización del Agua).
  • 30
    • 34248647160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • see also SOCIEDAD ESTATAL TRASAGUA INFRAESTRUCTURAS DEL TRASVASE, S.A. & MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, MEMORIA DEL PROYECTO DE LAS TRANSFERENCIAS AUTORIZADAS FOR EL ARTÍCULO 13 DE LA LEY 10/2001 DE 5 DE JULIO (PLAN HIDROLÓGICO NACIONAL) Y SU ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL (2003);
    • see also SOCIEDAD ESTATAL TRASAGUA INFRAESTRUCTURAS DEL TRASVASE, S.A. & MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, MEMORIA DEL PROYECTO DE LAS TRANSFERENCIAS AUTORIZADAS FOR EL ARTÍCULO 13 DE LA LEY 10/2001 DE 5 DE JULIO (PLAN HIDROLÓGICO NACIONAL) Y SU ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL (2003);
  • 31
    • 34248643847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • see generally MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, supra note 9 (citing to both the hydraulic system and the economic analysis documents).
    • see generally MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, supra note 9 (citing to both the hydraulic system and the economic analysis documents).
  • 32
    • 34248646664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See, e.g., RICHARD W. WAHL, MARKETS FOR FEDERAL WATER: SUBSIDIES, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE BUREAU OF RECLAMATION (1989);
    • See, e.g., RICHARD W. WAHL, MARKETS FOR FEDERAL WATER: SUBSIDIES, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE BUREAU OF RECLAMATION (1989);
  • 33
    • 21944441339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic Discovery in Federally Supported Irrigation Districts: A Tribute to William E. Martin and Friends, 22
    • Paul N. Wilson, Economic Discovery in Federally Supported Irrigation Districts: A Tribute to William E. Martin and Friends, 22 J. AGRIC. & RESOURCE ECON. 61 (1997).
    • (1997) J. AGRIC. & RESOURCE ECON , vol.61
    • Wilson, P.N.1
  • 34
    • 34248681675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W. Michael Hanemann, The Central Arizona Project (Univ. of Cal. Berkeley, Dep't of Agric. & Resource Econ. & Pol'y, Working Paper No. 937, 2002), available at http://are.berkeley.edu /%7Ehanemann/cap.pdf.
    • W. Michael Hanemann, The Central Arizona Project (Univ. of Cal. Berkeley, Dep't of Agric. & Resource Econ. & Pol'y, Working Paper No. 937, 2002), available at http://are.berkeley.edu /%7Ehanemann/cap.pdf.
  • 35
    • 34248674745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the Mono Lake decision in California, the diversion from Mono Lake was reduced by two thirds, despite the loss of hydropower and water supply to Los Angeles, in order to protect wildlife habitat. This is an example of non-use values associated with habitat protection as being the main components of environmental benefits. See Thomas Wegge, W. Michael Hanemann & John Loomis, Comparing Benefits and Costs of Water Resource Allocation Policies for California's Mono Basin, in 1 ADVANCES IN THE ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES 11, 14-21 Darwin C. Hall ed, 1996
    • In the Mono Lake decision in California, the diversion from Mono Lake was reduced by two thirds, despite the loss of hydropower and water supply to Los Angeles, in order to protect wildlife habitat. This is an example of non-use values associated with habitat protection as being the main components of environmental benefits. See Thomas Wegge, W. Michael Hanemann & John Loomis, Comparing Benefits and Costs of Water Resource Allocation Policies for California's Mono Basin, in 1 ADVANCES IN THE ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES 11, 14-21 (Darwin C. Hall ed., 1996).
  • 36
    • 34248665091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Details of the model building, parameter estimation, and simulation results are presented in José, Albiac et al., Evaluating Alternatives to the Spanish National Hydrological Plan (CITA-DGA Working Paper No. 04/04, 2004);
    • Details of the model building, parameter estimation, and simulation results are presented in José, Albiac et al., Evaluating Alternatives to the Spanish National Hydrological Plan (CITA-DGA Working Paper No. 04/04, 2004);
  • 37
    • 0242378924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El uso agrario del agua en las comarcas de Levante y del Sureste y el trasvase del Ebro
    • 95
    • José Albiac Murillo et al., El uso agrario del agua en las comarcas de Levante y del Sureste y el trasvase del Ebro, 196 REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE ESTUDIOS AGROSOCIALES Y PESQUEROS 95 (2002);
    • (2002) REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE ESTUDIOS AGROSOCIALES Y PESQUEROS , vol.196
    • Albiac Murillo, J.1
  • 38
    • 0242306887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Economic Unsustainability of the Spanish National Hydrological Plan, 19 INT'L
    • José Albiac et al., The Economic Unsustainability of the Spanish National Hydrological Plan, 19 INT'L J. WATER RESOURCES DEV. 437 (2003);
    • (2003) J. WATER RESOURCES DEV , vol.437
    • Albiac, J.1
  • 39
    • 34248630913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grupo de Economía del Medio Ambiente y recursos Naturales, Plan Hidrológico Nacional, www.unizar.es/econatura/phn.htm (last visited Oct. 9, 2006) (archiving the databases of the study).
    • Grupo de Economía del Medio Ambiente y recursos Naturales, Plan Hidrológico Nacional, www.unizar.es/econatura/phn.htm (last visited Oct. 9, 2006) (archiving the databases of the study).
  • 40
    • 34248664540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For the latest water transfer path, see SOCIEDAD ESTATAL TRASAGUA INFRAESTRUCTURAS DEL TRASVASE, S.A. & MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, supra note 24.
    • For the latest water transfer path, see SOCIEDAD ESTATAL TRASAGUA INFRAESTRUCTURAS DEL TRASVASE, S.A. & MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE, supra note 24.
  • 42
    • 34248660061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA, PESCA Y ALIMENTACIÓN, ANÁLISIS DE LA ECONOMÍA DE LOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN: RESULTADOS TÉCNICO-ECONÓMICOS DE EXPLOTACIONES HORTOFRUTÍCOLAS DE LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA EN 2001 (2002).
    • MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA, PESCA Y ALIMENTACIÓN, ANÁLISIS DE LA ECONOMÍA DE LOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN: RESULTADOS TÉCNICO-ECONÓMICOS DE EXPLOTACIONES HORTOFRUTÍCOLAS DE LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA EN 2001 (2002).
  • 43
    • 34248646092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gross water requirement of a crop is equal to net water requirement divided by the irrigation system efficiency (0.6 for surface irrigation and 0.9 for drip irrigation, and net water requirement is equal to the crop evapotranspiration less precipitation. Crop evapotranspiration is calculated from county meteorological data and crop coefficients K. See ANTONIO MARTÍNEZ COB ET AL, EVAPOTRANSPIRACIÓN Y NECESIDADES DE RIEGO DE LOS PRINCIPALES CULTIVOS EN LAS COMARCAS DE ARAGÓN 1998
    • Gross water requirement of a crop is equal to net water requirement divided by the irrigation system efficiency (0.6 for surface irrigation and 0.9 for drip irrigation), and net water requirement is equal to the crop evapotranspiration less precipitation. Crop evapotranspiration is calculated from county meteorological data and crop coefficients K. See ANTONIO MARTÍNEZ COB ET AL., EVAPOTRANSPIRACIÓN Y NECESIDADES DE RIEGO DE LOS PRINCIPALES CULTIVOS EN LAS COMARCAS DE ARAGÓN (1998).
  • 44
    • 34248635515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See also RICHARD G. ALLEN ET AL., CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION - GUIDELINES FOR COMPUTING CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS (1998) (providing the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations upon which the calculation is based).
    • See also RICHARD G. ALLEN ET AL., CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION - GUIDELINES FOR COMPUTING CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS (1998) (providing the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations upon which the calculation is based).
  • 45
    • 0010517141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See, e.g., Bruce A. McCarl, Cropping Activities in Agricultural Sector Models: A Methodological Proposal, 64 AM. J. AGRIC. ECON. 768 (1982) (suggesting a procedure to solve the aggregation problem).
    • See, e.g., Bruce A. McCarl, Cropping Activities in Agricultural Sector Models: A Methodological Proposal, 64 AM. J. AGRIC. ECON. 768 (1982) (suggesting a procedure to solve the aggregation problem).
  • 46
    • 0242347410 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation of Heterogeneous Firms in Mathematical Programming Models, 16 EUR
    • See also
    • See also Hayri Önal & Bruce A. McCarl, Aggregation of Heterogeneous Firms in Mathematical Programming Models, 16 EUR. J. AGRIC. ECON. 499 (1989);
    • (1989) J. AGRIC. ECON , vol.499
    • Önal, H.1    McCarl, B.A.2
  • 47
    • 84985671089 scopus 로고
    • Exact Aggregation in Mathematical Programming Sector Models, 39
    • Hayri Önal & Bruce A. McCarl, Exact Aggregation in Mathematical Programming Sector Models, 39 CAN. J. AGRIC. ECON. 319 (1991).
    • (1991) CAN. J. AGRIC. ECON , vol.319
    • Önal, H.1    McCarl, B.A.2
  • 48
    • 34248675872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Javier Uche Marcuello, Anejo 2. Análisis de los costes del Proyedo de Transferencias, in Alegaciones al Proyecto de Transferencias Autorizadas por la Ley del Plan Hidrológico Nacional y Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (J. Albiac ed., CITA-DGA Working Paper 03/03, 2003).
    • Javier Uche Marcuello, Anejo 2. Análisis de los costes del Proyedo de Transferencias, in Alegaciones al Proyecto de Transferencias Autorizadas por la Ley del Plan Hidrológico Nacional y Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (J. Albiac ed., CITA-DGA Working Paper 03/03, 2003).
  • 49
    • 34248681952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICOS, supra note 9
    • ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICOS, supra note 9.
  • 50
    • 34248673553 scopus 로고
    • Spain
    • Ley de Aguas (B.O.E. 1985, 189, 243) (Spain).
    • (1985) Ley de Aguas (B.O.E , vol.189 , Issue.243
  • 51
    • 34248636885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ley de modificación de la Ley de Aguas (B.O.E. 1999, 298) (Spain).
    • Ley de modificación de la Ley de Aguas (B.O.E. 1999, 298) (Spain).
  • 52
    • 34248682245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ley de Aguas (B.O.E. 2001, 176) (Spain).
    • Ley de Aguas (B.O.E. 2001, 176) (Spain).
  • 53
    • 34248680858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council Directive 2000/60, EU Water Framework Directive, 2000 O.J. (L 327) (EC).
    • Council Directive 2000/60, EU Water Framework Directive, 2000 O.J. (L 327) (EC).
  • 54
    • 34248654174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ALBERTO GARRIDO & JAVIER CALATRAVA, Recent and Future Trends in Water Charging and Water Markets, in WATER POLICY IN SPAIN (A. Garrido & M. Ramón Llamas eds., forthcoming 2007).
    • ALBERTO GARRIDO & JAVIER CALATRAVA, Recent and Future Trends in Water Charging and Water Markets, in WATER POLICY IN SPAIN (A. Garrido & M. Ramón Llamas eds., forthcoming 2007).
  • 55
    • 34248666846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3. Almost half of the acreage under groundwater irrigation is located in the southeastern basins (Júcar, Segura, and Sur).
    • 3. Almost half of the acreage under groundwater irrigation is located in the southeastern basins (Júcar, Segura, and Sur).
  • 56
    • 34248644135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. RAMÓN LLAMAS ET AL., AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS: RETOS Y OPORTUNIDADES (2001).
    • M. RAMÓN LLAMAS ET AL., AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS: RETOS Y OPORTUNIDADES (2001).


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