Does ptsd differ according to gender among military veterans?

Journal of Family Social Work

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 15-34

  Benda, Brent B ^a   House, Holly A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS AT LITTLE ROCK   (United States)

Author keywords

Gender differences; Homeless military veterans; PTSD; Substance abuse

Indexed keywords

EID: 34248602741     PISSN: 10522158     EISSN: 15404072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J039v07n01_02     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Agnew, R. A., and Brezina, T., 1997. Relational problems with peers, gender, and delinquency. Youth & Society, 29:54–83.
2. Aroian, K. J., and Norris, A. E., 2000. Resilience, stress, and depression among Russian immigrants to Israel. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 22:54–67.
3. Bandura, A., 1997. Self-efficacy:The exercise of control. New York:Freeman & Co.
4. Benda, B. B., 2001. Predictors of rehospitalization of military veterans who abuse substances. Social Work Research, 25:199–212.
5. Benda, B. B., 2002a. Religion and violent offenses among youth entering boot camp:A structural equation model. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 39:92–101.
6. Benda, B. B., 2001. Factors associated with rehospitalization among veterans in a substance abuse treatment program. Psychiatric Services, 53:1176–1178.
7. Benda, B. B., 2002a. Test of a structural equation model of comorbidity among homeless and domiciled military veterans. Journal of Social Service Research, 29:1–35.
8. Benda, B. B., 2001. Conceptual model of assets and risks:Unlawful behavior among adolescents. Adolescent and Family Health, 2:123–131.
9. Bentler, P. M., 1995. EQS structural equations program manual. Los Angeles, CA:BMDP Statistical Software.
10. Bowlby, J., 1969. Attachment and loss. Vol 1:Attachment. New York:Basic Books.
11. Bowlby, J., 1973. Attachment and loss. Vol 2:Separation:Anxiety and anger. New York:Basic Books.
12. Bowlby, J., 1980. Attachment and loss. Vol 3:Loss, sadness, and depression. New York:Basic Books.
13. Bowlby, J., 1988. Developmental psychiatry comes of age. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145:1–10.
14. Burton, V. S., Cullen, F. T., Evans, T. D., Alarid, L. F., and Dunaway, R. G., 1998. Gender, self-control, and crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35:123–147.
15. Crittenden, P. M., and Ainsworth, M. D. S., 1989. “Child maltreatment and attachment theory.”. In Child maltreatment:Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect Edited by:Cicchetti, D., and Carlson, V., 432–463. New York:Cambridge University Press.
16. Cronbach, L. J., 1951. Coefficient alpha and internal structure of tests. Psychometrica, 16:297–334.
17. Dean, D. M., 1999. Warriors without weapons:The victimization of military women by violence against women. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
18. Department of Veterans Affairs. 1999. Women Veterans Treated Fiscal Year 1998. Washington, DC:author.
19. Dube, S. R., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Chapman, D. P., 2001. Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span:Findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. JAMA, 286:3089–3096.
20. Fienberg, S. E., 1991. The analysis of cross-classified categorical data. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
21. Fischer, J., and Corcoran, K., 1994. Measures for clinical practice:A sourcebook, 2nd ed. Vol. 2, New York:Free Press.
22. Franz, C. E., McClelland, D. C., and Weinberger, J., 1991. Childhood antecedents of conventional social accomplishment in midlife adults:A 36-year prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60:586–595.
23. Freund, R. J., and Wilson, W. J., 1998. Regression analysis:Statistical modeling of a response variable. New York:Academic Press.
24. General Accounting Office. 1999. VA health care for women:Progress made in providing services to women veterans. GAO/HEHS-99–38 Washington, DC:US General Accounting Office. 1999
25. Gilligan, C., 1982. In a different voice:Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
26. Gilligan, C., Ward, J., and Taylor, J. M., 1989. Mapping the moral domain. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
27. Gladstone, G., Parker, G., Wilhelm, K., Mitchell, P., and Austin, M., 1999. Characteristics of depressed patients who report childhood sexual abuse. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 156:431–437.
28. Hosmer, D. W., and Lemeshow, S., 1989. Applied logistic regression. New York:John Wiley.
29. Hudson, W., 1999. Multi-Problem Screening Inventory. Tallahassee, FL:WALMYR.
30. Hudson, W., and McMurtry, S. L., 1997. Comprehensive assessment in social work practice:The Multi-Problem Screening Inventory. Research on Social Work Practice, 7:79–98.
31. Keane, T. M., Fairbank, J. A., Caddell, J. M., Zimering, R. T., Taylor, K. L., and Mora, C. A., 1989. Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment, 1:53–5.
32. Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., and Nelson, C. B., 1995. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52:1048–1060.
33. Kessler, R. C., Davis, C. G., and Kendler, K. S., 1997. Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine, 27:1101–1119.
34. Kuszmar, T. J., Short, D. T., Barnes, J., and Strehlow, A., 2000. Post-traumatic stress disorder:A primary care approach to diagnosis and management. Physician Assistant, 24:21–24.
35. Lam, J. A., and Rosenheck, R. A., 1999. Social support and service use among homeless persons with serious mental illness. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 45:13–28.
36. Leadbeater, B. J., Sidney, B. J., and Quinlan, D. M., 1995. Gender-linked vulnerabilities to depressive symptoms, stress, and problem behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 5:1–29.
37. Maddox, S. M., Mercandante, J. E., Prentice-Dunn, S., Jacobs, B., and Rogers, R., 1982. The self-efficacy scale:Construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51:663–671.
38. Marshall, R. D., Beebe, K. L., Oldham, M., and Zaninelli, R., 2001. Efficacy and safety of paroxetine treatment for chronic PTSD:A fixed-dose, placebo-controlled study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158:1982–1988.
39. Mather, S., Zeiler, K., Brandau, B., and Rahman, A., 1995. A profile of women treated at VA Medical Centers during fiscal year 1995. Washington, DC:Women Veterans Health Program.
40. McVicker, S. J., 1985. Invisible veterans:The women who served in Vietnam. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing Mental Health Services, 23:12–9.
41. Newcomb, M. D., 1997. General deviance and psychological distress:Impact of family support/bonding over 12 years from adolescence to adulthood. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 7:368–400.
42. Pereira, A., 2002. Combat trauma and the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder in female and male veterans. Military Medicine, 167:23–28.
43. Stein, J. A., and Newcomb, M. B., 1999. Adult outcomes of adolescent conventional and agentic orientations:A 20-year longitudinal study. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 19:39–65.
44. Watkins, K. E., Shaner, A., and Sullivan, G., 1999. Addictions services:The role of gender in engaging the dually diagnosed in treatment. Community Mental Health Journal, 35:115–126.
45. Weathers, F. W., Keane, T. M., and Davidson, J. R., 2001. Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale:A review of the first ten years of research. Depression and Anxiety, 13:132–156.
46. Wolfe, J., 2000. Changing demographic characteristics of women Veterans:Results from a national sample. Military Medicine, 165:773–781.
47. Wolfe, J., Brown, P. J., Furey, J., and Levin, K. B., 1993. Development of a wartime stressor scale for women. Psychological Assessment, 5:330–5.
48. Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., and Farley, G. K., 1988. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52:30–41.
49. Zlotnick, C., Zimmerman, M., Wolfsdorf, B. A., and Mattia, J. I., 2001. Gender differences in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder in a general psychiatric practice. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158:1923–1925.