Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis and management of interstitial lung diseases

Clinical Pulmonary Medicine

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 148-156

  Meyer, Keith C ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b University of Wisconsin Health   (United States)

Author keywords

Bronchoalveolar lavage; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Interstitial lung disease

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; HUMAN; INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; LEUKOCYTE; LUNG BIOPSY; LUNG LAVAGE; LUNG PARENCHYMA; REVIEW; THORAX;

EID: 34248592698     PISSN: 10680640     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.cpm.0000263483.00652.07     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Travis WD, King TE, Bateman E, et al. ATS/ERS international multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:277-304.
2. Raghu G, Brown K. Interstitial lung disease: clinical evaluation and keys to an accurate diagnosis. Clin Chest Med. 2004;25:409-419.
3. Neralla S, Meyer KC. The keys to diagnosing interstitial lung disease. J Respir Dis. 2005;26:372-378, 443-448, 466-478.
4. Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, et al. The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150:967-972.
5. Jermal A, Murray T, Samuels A, et al. Cancer statistics, 2003. CA Cancer J Clin. 2003;53:5-26.
6. Alberg AJ, Samet JM. Epidemiology of lung cancer. Chest. 2003;123:21S-49S.
7. Brown JS, Eraut D, Trask C, et al. Age and the treatment of lung cancer. Thorax. 1996;51:564-568.
8. Liebow A. Definition and classification of interstitial pneumonias in human pathology. Prog Respir Res. 1975;8:1-33.
9. Katzenstein AL, Myers JL. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: clinical relevance of pathologic classification. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:1301-1315.
10. Raghu G, Mageto YN, Lockhart D, et al. The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of new-onset idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung disease: a prospective study. Chest. 1999;116:1168-1174.
11. Webb RW, Muller NL, Naidich DP, eds. High Resolution CT of the Lung. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
12. Bonelli FS, Hartman TE, Swensen SJ, et al. Accuracy of high resolution CT in diagnosing lung diseases. Am J Roentgenol. 1998;170:1507-1512.
13. Collins J. CT signs and patterns of lung disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 2001;39:1115-1135.
14. Flaherty KR, King TE Jr, Raghu G, et al. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: what is the effect of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:904-910.
15. Wells AU. Histopathologic diagnosis in diffuse lung disease: an ailing gold standard. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:828-829.
16. Stitt HL. Bronchial aspiration and irrigation with a hypertonic saline solution. J Med. 1927;5:112-117.
17. Stitt HL. Bronchial lavage. Bull St Louis Med Soc. 1932;26:246-249.
18. Ramirez RJ, Schultz RB, Dutton RE. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. A new technique and rationale for treatment. Arch Intern Med. 1963;112:419-431.
19. Kylstra JA, Rausch DC, Hall KD, et al. Volume controlled lung lavage in the treatment of asthma, bronchiectasis and mucoviscoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1971;103:651-665.
20. Reynolds HY, Newball HH. Analysis of proteins and respiratory cells obtained from human lungs by bronchial lavage. J Lab Clin Med. 1974;84:559-573.
21. Klech H, Pohl W. Technical recommendations and guidelines for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL): report of the European Society of Pneumology Task Group on BAL. Eur Respir J. 1989;2:561-585.
22. Klech H, Hutter C. Clinical guidelines and indications for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL): report of the European Society of Pneumology Task Group on BAL. Eur Respir J. 1990;3:937-974.
23. The BAL Co-operative Group Steering Committee. Bronchoalveolar lavage constituents in healthy individuals, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and selected comparison groups. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;141(suppl 5):S169-S202.
24. Klech H, Hutter C, Costabel U. Clinical guidelines and indication for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL): report of the European Society of Pneumology Task Group on BAL. Eur Respir Rev. 1992;2:47-127.
25. Haslam PL, Baughmann RP. Guidelines for the measurement of acellular components and recommendations for standardization of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Eur Respir Rev. 1999;9:25-157.
26. Klech H, Hutter C. Side-effects and safety of BAL. Eur Respir J. 1990;3:939-940, 961-969.
27. Dhillon DP, Haslam PL, Townsend PJ, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with interstitial lung diseases: side effects and factors affecting fluid recovery. Eur J Respir Dis. 1986;68:341-350.
28. Drent M, Jacobs JA. Bronchoalveolar lavage. In: Baughman RP, Du Bois RM, Lynch JP III, et al., eds. Diffuse Lung Disease: A Practical Approach. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2004:56-64.
29. Baughman RP, Drent M. Role of bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease. Clin Chest Med. 2001;22:331-341.
30. Meyer KC. The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease. Clin Chest Med. 2004;25:637- 649.
31. Martin TR, Raghu G, Maunder RJ, et al. The effects of chronic bronchitis and chronic air-flow obstruction on lung cell populations recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985;132:254-260.
32. Costabel U, Guzman J. Effect of smoking on bronchoalveolar lavage constituents. Eur Respir J. 1992;5:776 -779.
33. Meyer KC. Neutrophils and low-grade inflammation in the seemingly normal aging human lung. Mech Aging Dev. 1998;104:169-181.
34. Meyer KC, Soergel P. Bronchoalveolar lymphocyte phenotypes change in the normal aging human lung. Thorax. 1999;54:697-700.
35. Dohn MN, Baughman RP. Effect of changing instilled volume for bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with interstitial lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985;132:390-392.
36. Helmers RA, Dayton CS. Floerchinger C, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease: effect of volume of fluid infused. J Appl Physiol. 1989;67:1443-1446.
37. Baughman RP. Is bronchoalveolar lavage clinically useful for everyday practice in interstitial lung disease? Con: bronchoalveolar lavage. J Bronchol. 1999;6:211-216.
38. Raghu G. Is bronchoalveolar lavage clinically useful for everyday practice in interstitial lung disease? Con: bronchoalveolar lavage. J Bronchol. 1999;6:217-221.
39. Costabel U, Guzman J. Bronchoalveolar lavage. In: Schwartz MI, King TE Jr, eds. Interstitial Lung Disease. Hamilton, ON: BC Decker; 2003:114-133.
40. Welker L, Jorres RA, Costabel U, et al. Predictive value of BAL cell differentials in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir J. 2004;24:1000-1006.
41. Hunninghake GW, Crystal RG. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: a disorder mediated by excess helper T-lymphocyte activity at sites of disease activity. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:429-432.
42. Costabel U, Zaiss AW, Guzman J. Sensitivity and specificity of BAL findings in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis. 1992;9(suppl 1):211-214.
43. Winterbauer RH, Lammert J, Selland M, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage cell populations in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Chest. 1993;104:252-261.
44. Kantrow SP, Meyer KC, Kidd P, et al. The CD4/CD8 ratio in BAL fluid is highly variable in sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 1997;10:2716-2721.
45. Auerswald U, Barth J, Magnussen H. Value of CD1 positive cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of pulmonary histiocytosis X. Lung. 1990;169:305-309.
46. Allen JN, Davis WB. Eosinophilic lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150:1423-1438.
47. Pope-Harman AL, Davis WB, Allen ED, et al. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia. A summary of 15 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1996;75:334-342.
48. Fontenot AP, Schwarz MI. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. In: Schwartz MI, King TE Jr, eds. Interstitial Lung Disease. Hamilton, ON: BC Decker; 2003:632-656.
49. Martin RJ, Coalson JJ, Rogers RM, et al. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: the diagnosis by segmental lavage. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980;121:819-825.
50. Utz JP, Ryu JH, Douglas WW, et al. High short-term mortality following lung biopsy for usual interstitial pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2001;17:175-179.
51. Kramer MR, Berkman N, Mintz B, et al. The role of open lung biopsy in the management and outcome of patients with diffuse lung disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65:198 -202.
52. Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment: international consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:646-664.
53. Hunninghake GW, Lynch DA, Galvin JR, et al. Radiologic findings are strongly associated with a pathologic diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia. Chest. 2003;124:1215-1223.
54. Lynch DA, Godwin D Jr, Safrin S, et al. High-resolution computed tomography in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and prognosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172:488-493.
55. Swensen SJ, Aughenbaugh GL, Myers JL. Diffuse lung disease: diagnostic accuracy of CT in patients undergoing surgical biopsy of the lung. Radiology. 1997;205:229 -234.
56. Mathieson JR, Mayo JR, Staples CA, et al. Chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease: comparison of diagnostic accuracy of CT and chest radiography. Radiology. 1989;171:111-116.
57. Flaherty KR, Toews GB, Travis WD, et al. Clinical significance of histological classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2002;19:275-283.
58. Kariman K, Kylstra JA, Spock A. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: prospective clinical experience in 23 patients for 15 years. Lung. 1984;162:223-231.
59. Shah PL, Hansell D, Lawson PR, et al. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: clinical aspects and current concepts on pathogenesis. Thorax. 2000;55:67-77.
60. Haslam PL, Dewar A, Butchers P, et al. Mast cells, atypical lymphocytes, and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage in extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Comparison with other interstitial lung diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;135:35-47.
61. Drent M, van Velzen Blad H, Diamant M, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage in extrinsic allergic alveolitis: effect of time elapsed since antigen exposure. Eur Respir J. 1993;6:1276-1281.
62. Lynch JPD, Standiford TJ, Rolfe MW, et al. Neutrophilic alveolitis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The role of initerleukin-8. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;145:1433-1439.
63. Watters LC, Schwarz MI, Cherniack RM, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: pretreatment bronchoalveolar lavage cellular constituents and their relationships with lung histopathology and clinical response to therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;135:696-704.
64. Peterson WMW, Monick M, Hunniknghake GW. Prognostic role of eosinophils in pulmonary fibrosis. Chest. 1987;92:51-56.
65. Drent M, Macobs JA, de Vries J, et al. Does the cellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid profile reflect the severity of sarcoidosis? Eur Respir J. 1999;13:1338-1344.