Mineral absorption in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) as compared with the domestic horse

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

Volumn 91, Issue 5-6, 2007, Pages 193-204

  Clauss, M ^a,i   Castell, J C ^b   Kienzle, E ^b   Schramel, P ^c   Dierenfeld, E S ^d   Flach, E J ^e   Behlert, O ^f   Streich, W J ^g   Hummel, J ^f,h   Hatt, J M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^c INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

^d SAINT LOUIS ZOO   (United States)

^e ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^f Zoological Garden of Cologne   (Germany)

^g LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR ZOO AND WILDLIFE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^h UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

ⁱ Division of Zoo Animals Exotic Pets and Wildlife   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Absorption; Calcium; Copper; Iron; Magnesium; Phosphorus; Potassium; Sodium

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; MINERAL; POTASSIUM; TANNIN DERIVATIVE;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHEMISTRY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; FECES; FEMALE; FERMENTATION; HORSE; INTESTINE ABSORPTION; MALE; METABOLISM; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; PERISSODACTYLA; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; ZOO ANIMAL;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMAL NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, ZOO; BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY; CALCIUM; FECES; FEMALE; FERMENTATION; HORSES; INTESTINAL ABSORPTION; MALE; MINERALS; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS; PERISSODACTYLA; POTASSIUM; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TANNINS;

ANIMALIA; DICEROS BICORNIS; EQUIDAE; EQUUS CABALLUS; RHINOCEROTIDAE;

EID: 34248577280     PISSN: 09312439     EISSN: 14390396     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00692.x     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Ange, K. Crissey, S. D. Doyle, C. Lance, K. Hintz, H., 2001 : A survey of African and Asian elephant diets and measured body dimensions compared to their estimated nutrient requirements. Proceedings of the Nutrition Advisory Group (NAG) 4, Lake Buena Vista, FL, 5 14.
2. Atkinson, S. J., 1995 : Maintenance of captive black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) on indigenous browse in Zimbabwe: energetics, nutrition and implications for conservation. MSc, University of Zimbabwe, Harare.
3. Bertone, A. L. Van Soest, P. J. Stashak, T. S., 1989 : Digestion, fecal, and blood variables associated with extensive colon resection in the horse. American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, 253 258.
4. Bowell, R. J. Warren, A. Redmond, I., 1996 : Formation of cave salts and utilization by elephants in the Mount Elgon region, Kenya. In : J. D. Appleton, R. Fuge, G. J. H. McCall (eds Environmental Geochemistry and Health. Geological Society Special Publication No. 113, London, pp. 63 79.
5. Brems, R., 1983 : Untersuchungen zur Verdaulichkeit verschiedener Rationen bei aktiv eingesetzten Sportpferden mit Hilfe einer modifizierten Indikatormethode und Überprüfung des Einflusses auf Gesundheit und Leistung. Dissertation, University of Giessen, Germany.
6. Breves, G. Höller, H., 1987 : Effects of dietary phosphorus depletion in sheep on dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 58, 281 286.
7. Brune, M. Rossander, L. Hallberg, L., 1989 : Iron absorption and phenolic compounds: importance of different phenolic structures. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43, 547 558.
8. Cerkawski, J., 1976 : Chemical composition of microbial matter in the rumen. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 27, 621 632.
9. Clauss, M. Loehlein, W. Kienzle, E. Wiesner, H., 2003 : Studies on feed digestibilities in captive Asian elephants. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 87, 160 173.
10. Clauss, M. Lechner-Doll, M. Streich, W. J., 2004 : Differences in the range of faecal dry matter content between feeding types of captive wild ruminants. Acta Theriologica 49, 259 267.
11. Clauss, M. Polster, C. Kienzle, E. Wiesner, H. Baumgartner, K. von Houwald, F. Streich, W. J. Dierenfeld, E. S., 2005a : Energy and mineral nutrition and water intake in the captive Indian rhinoceros. Zoo Biology 24, 1 14.
12. Clauss, M. Polster, C. Kienzle, E. Wiesner, H. Baumgartner, K. von Houwald, F. Streich, W. J. Dierenfeld, E. S., 2005b : Studies on digestive physiology and feed digestibilities in captive Indian rhinoceros. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 89, 229 237.
13. Clauss, M. Gehrke, J. Hatt, J. M. Dierenfeld, E. S. Flach, E. J. Hermes, R. Castell, J. Streich, W. J. Fickel, J., 2005c : Tannin-binding salivary proteins in three captive rhinoceros species. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology 140, 67 72.
14. Clauss, M. Castell, J. C. Kienzle, E. Dierenfeld, E. S. Flach, E. J. Behlert, O. Ortmann, S. Streich, W. J. Hummel, J. Hatt, J. M., 2006a : Digestion coefficients achieved by the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), a large browsing hindgut fermenter. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 90, 325 334.
15. Clauss, M. Pellegrini, N. Castell, J. C. Kienzle, E. Dierenfeld, E. S. Hummel, J. Flach, E. J. Streich, W. J. Hatt, J. M., 2006b : Antioxidant status of feces of captive black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in relation to dietary tannin supplementation. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science Series A 53, 319 322.
16. Clauss, M. Castell, J.C. Kienzle, E. Dierenfeld, E.S. Flach, E. J. Behlert, O. Ortmann, S. Streich, W. J. Hummel, J. Hatt, J.-M., 2007 : The influence of tannin supplementation on digestive performance in captive black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (in press).
17. Crozier, J. A. Allen, V. G. Jack, N. E. Fontenot, J. P. Cochran, M.A., 1997 : Digestibility, apparent mineral absorption, and voluntary intake by horses fed alfalfa, tall fescue, and Caucasian bluestem. Journal of Animal Science 75, 1651 1658.
18. Cymbaluk, N. F., 1990 : Comparison of forage digestion by cattle and horses. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, 601 610.
19. Cymbaluk, N. F. Christison, G. I. Leach, D. H., 1989 : Nutrient utilization by limit- and ad libitum-fed growing horses. Journal of Animal Science 67, 414 425.
20. Denton, D., 1984 : The Hunger for Salt. Springer, Berlin.
21. Dierenfeld, E. S. du Toit, R. Braselton, W.E., 1995 : Nutrient composition of selected browses consumed by black rhinoceros in the Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 26, 220 230.
22. Dierenfeld, E. S. Atkinson, S. Craig, A. M. Walker, K. C. Streich, W. J. Clauss, M., 2005 : Mineral concentrations in serum/plasma and liver tissue of captive and free-ranging rhinoceros species. Zoo Biology 24, 51 72.
23. DLG, 1960 : Futterwerttabellen der DLG Mineralstoffe. DLG-Verlags-GmbH, Frankfurt.
24. Ghebremeskel, K. Williams, G. Brett, R. A. Burek, R. Harbige, L. S., 1991 : Nutrient composition of plants most favoured by black rhinoceros in the wild. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology 98, 529 534.
25. Gillespie, D. Burton, M. Gosselin, S. Godfrey, B. Munson, L., 1990 : An unusual case of ulcerative stomatitis and prolonged pregnancy in a black rhinoceros. Proceedings of AAZV, South Padre Island, TX, 361 363.
26. Gomda, Y. M., 1988 : Untersuchungen über die renale, fäkale und kutane Wasser- und Elektrolytausscheidung bei Pferden in Abhängigkeit von Fütterungszeit, Futtermenge sowie Bewegungsleistung. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
27. Groenendyk, S. English, P. B. Abetz, I., 1988 : External balance of water and electrolytes in the horse. Equine Veterinary Journal 20, 189 193.
28. Güldenhaupt, V., 1979 : Veträglichkeit und Verdaulichkeit eines Alleinfutters für Pferde in Kombination mit Stroh. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
29. Günther, C., 1984 : Untersuchungen über die Verdaulichkeit und Verträglichkeit von Hafer, Quetschhafer, Gerste und Mais beim Pferd. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
30. Hatt, J. M., 2003 : Markers in zoo animal nutrition with special emphasis on n-alkanes. In : A. Fidgett, M. Clauss, U. Ganslosser, J. M. Hatt, J., Nijboer (eds Zoo Animal Nutrition, Vol. II. Filander, Fürth, Germany, pp. 167 180.
31. Hatt, J. M. Wenker, C. Castell, J. Clauss, M., 2004 : Dietary and veterinary management of a lingual abscess in a geriatric captive black rhino (Diceros bicornis) with iron storage disease. Proceedings of the European Association of Zoo Wildlife Veterinaria 5, 339 340.
32. Hellgren, E. C. Pitts, W. J., 1997 : Sodium economy in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Physiological Zoology 70, 547 555.
33. Hintz, H. F. Schryver, H. F., 1972 : Availability to ponies of calcium and phosphorus from various supplements. Journal of Animal Science 34, 979 980.
34. Hintz, H. F. Schryver, H. F., 1973 : Magnesium, calcium and phosphorus metabolism in ponies fed varying levels of magnesium. Journal of Animal Science 37, 927 930.
35. Hintz, H. F. Schryver, H. F., 1976 : Potassium metabolism in ponies. Journal of Animal Science 42, 637 643.
36. Huitema, B. E., 1980 : The Analysis of Covariance and Alternatives. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
37. Iason, G. Van Wieren, S., 1999 : Digestive and ingestive adaptations of mammalian herbivores to low-quality forage. In : H. Olff, V. Brown, R. Drent (eds Herbivores: Between Plants and Predators. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp. 337 369.
38. Jones, R. L. Hanson, H. C., 1985 : Mineral Licks, Geophagy, and Biogeochemistry of North American Ungulates. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
39. Joubert, E. Eloff, F. C., 1971 : Notes on the ecology and behaviour of the black rhinoceros in South West Africa. Madoqua 1, 5 53.
40. Kapusniak, L. J. Potter, G. D., 1988 : Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus absorption from the small and large intestine of ponies fed elevated amounts of aluminium. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 8, 305 309.
41. Kiefer, B., 2002 : Qualität und Verdaulichkeit der vom Breitmaulnashorn aufgenommenen Nahrung. Dissertation, LMU Munich, Germany.
42. Kienzle, E. Dobenecker, B. Wichert, B. Schuster, S., 2006 : Effect of fecal water and dry matter excretion on fecal mineral excretion in dogs studied in a fibre model. Journal of Nutrition 136, 2001S 2003S.
43. Klemt, A., 2001 : Klinisch-chemische Blutwerte Asiatischer Elefanten aus Zoologischen Gärten Deutschlands. Dissertation, University of Leipzig, Germany.
44. Kock, R. A. Garnier, J., 1993 : Veterinary management of three species of rhinoceros in zoological collections. In : O. A. Ryder (ed. Rhinoceros Biology and Conservation. San Diego Zoological Society, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 325 338.
45. Komisarczuk, S. Durand, M. Beaumatin, P. Hannequart, G., 1987a : Effects of phosphorus deficiency on rumen microbial activity associated with the solid and liquid phase of a fermenter (RUSITECH). Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 27, 907 919.
46. Komisarczuk, S. Merry, R. McAllan, A., 1987b : Effect of different levels of phosphorus on rumen microbial fermentation and synthesis determined using a continuous culture technique. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 279 290.
47. Krull, H. D., 1984 : Untersuchungen über Aufnahme und Verdaulichkeit von Grünfutter beim Pferd. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
48. Leon, B. Belonje, P. C., 1979 : Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium excretion in the rock hyrax. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology 64, 67 72.
49. Lindemann, G., 1982 : Untersuchungen über den Einfluss von Lactose- und Stärkezulagen auf die Verdaulichkeit von NH3-aufgeschlossenem Stroh beim Pferd. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
50. Loutit, B. D. Louw, G. N. Seely, M. K., 1987 : First approximation of food preferences and the chemical composition of the diet of the desert-dwelling black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Madoqua 15, 35 54.
51. McCabe, R. Smith, M. J. Dwyer, T. M., 1994 : Faecal dry weight and potassium are related to faecal sodium and plasma aldosterone in rats chronically fed on varying amounts of sodium or potassium chlorides. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 325 337.
52. Merry, R. McAllan, A., 1983 : A comparison of the chemical composition of mixed bacteria harvested from the liquid and solid fraction of rumen bacteria. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 701 709.
53. Meyer, H. Ahlswede, L., 1979 : Untersuchungen über den Na-Stoffwechsel des Pferdes. Zbl Veterinary Medicine A 26, 212 220.
54. Meyer, H. Coenen, M., 2002 : Pferdefütterung. Parey, Berlin.
55. Meyer, H. Schmidt, M. Lindemann, G. Muus, H., 1982 : Praecaecale und postileale Verdaulichkeit von Mengen- (Ca, P, Mg) und Spurenelementen (Cu, Zn, Mn) beim Pferd. Advances in Animal Phsyiology and Animal Nutrition 13, 61 69.
56. Meyer, H. Stadermann, B. Radicke, S. Kienzle, E. Nyari, A., 1993 : Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Futterart auf Füllung und Zusammensetzung des Verdauungskanals sowie postprandiale Blut- und Harnparameter. Pferdeheilkd 9, 15 25.
57. Mukinya, J. G., 1977 : Feeding and drinking habits of the black rhinoceros in Masai Mara Game Reserve. East African Wildlife Journal 15, 125 128.
58. Mundt, H. C., 1978 : Untersuchungen über die Verdaulichkeit von aufgeschlossenem Stroh für Pferde. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
59. National Research Council, 1989 : Nutrient Requirements of Horses, 5th edn. National Academy Press, Washington.
60. Nehring, T., 1991 : Einfluss der Futterart auf die Nettoabsorption von Calcium sowie Magnesium und Phosphor beim Pferd. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
61. Oftedal, O. T. Baer, D. J. Allen, M. E., 1996 : The feeding and nutrition of herbivores. In : D. G. Kleimann, M. E. Allen, K. V., Thompson, S. Lumpkin (eds Wild Mammals in Captivity: Principles and Techniques. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 129 138.
62. Ott, E. A. Feater, J. P. Panco, P. J., 1975 : Effect of calcium and phosphorus levels on availability of trace minerals. Proceedings of Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium 4, 61 67.
63. Paglia, D. E., 1994 : Rationale for phosphate supplementation in prevention and therapy of haemolytic anemia in the African black rhinoceros. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of South Africa, Symposium on Contemporary South African Zoology, Pietermariztburg, pp. 107.
64. Paglia, D. E. Dennis, P., 1999 : Role of chronic iron overload in multiple disorders of captive black rhinoceroses. Proceedings of AAZV, Columbus, Ohio, 163 171.
65. Paglia, D. E. Miller, R. E. Renner, S. W., 1996 : Is impairment of oxidant neutralization the common denominator among diverse diseases of black rhinoceroses? Proceedings of AAZV, Puerto Vallart, Mexico, 37 41.
66. Perez Noriega, H. R., 1989 : Untersuchungen über den postprandialen Wasser- und Elektrolythaushalt des Pferdes unter Variation des Wasser- und Futterangebotes. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
67. Pérez-Barberìa, F. J. Elston, D. A. Gordon, I. J. Illius, A. W., 2004 : The evolution of phylogenetic differences in the efficiency of digestion in ruminants. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 271, 1081 1090.
68. Pferdekamp, M., 1978 : Einfluss steigender Proteinmengen auf den Stoffwechsel des Pferdes. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
69. Pitcher, T. Buffenstein, R., 1994 : Passive uptake in the small intestine and active uptake in the hindgut contribute to highly efficient mineral metabolism of the common mole rat. British Journal of Nutrition 71, 573 582.
70. Reinhardt, T. A. Horst, R. L. Goff, J. P., 1988 : Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium homeostasis in ruminants. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice 4, 331 350.
71. Ritskes-Hoitinga, J. Grooten, H. Wienk, K. Peters, M. Lemmens, A. Beynen, A., 2004 : Lowering dietary phosphorus concentrations reduces kidney calcification, but does not adversely affect growth, mineral metabolism, and bone development in growing rabbits. British Journal of Nutrition 91, 367 376.
72. Robbins, C. T., 1993 : Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego.
73. Scheunert, A. Schattke, A. Weise, M., 1923 : Über den Kalk- und Phosphorsäurestoffwechsel des Pferdes bei normaler Fütterung. Biochemische Zeitschrift 139, 1 10.
74. Schmidt, M., 1980 : Untersuchungen über die Verträglichkeit und Verdaulichkeit eines pelletierten Mischfutters für Pferde in Kombination mit Heu und NH3-aufgeschlossenem Stroh. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
75. Schryver, H. F. Craig, P. H. Hintz, H. F., 1970 : Calcium metabolism in ponies fed varying levels of calcium. Journal of Nutrition 100, 955 964.
76. Schryver, H. F. Hintz, H. F. Craig, P. H., 1971 : Calcium metabolism in ponies fed a high phosphorus diet. Journal of Nutrition 101, 259 264.
77. Schryver, H. F. Foose, T. J. Williams, J. Hintz, H. F., 1983 : Calcium excretion in the feces of ungulates. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology 74, 375 379.
78. Schulze, K., 1987 : Untersuchungen zur Verdaulichkeit und Energiebewertung von Mischfuttermitteln für Pferde. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
79. Smiley, L. K. Greene, L. W. Potter, G. D. Arnold, F. F., 1985 : Digestibility of calcium in alfalfa hay in the equine small intestine. Proceedings of Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium 9, 124 128.
80. Spiller, G. A. Story, J. A. Wong, L. G. Nunes, J. D. Alton, M. Petro, M. S. Furomoto, J. D. Whittam, J. H. Scala, J., 1986 : Effect of increasing levels of hard wheat fiber on fecal weight, minerals, steroids and gastrointestinal transit time in healthy young women. Journal of Nutrition 116, 778 785.
81. Stevens, C. E. Hume, I. D., 1995 : Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Digestive System. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
82. Stürmer, K., 2005 : Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Fütterung auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt bei Ponies. Dissertation, University of Munich, Germany.
83. Swartzman, J. A. Hintz, H. F. Schryver, H. F., 1978 : Inhibition of calcium absorption in ponies fed diets containing oxalic acid. American Journal of Veterinary Research 39, 1621 1623.
84. Tangl, F., 1902 : Mitteilung aus der Königlich Ungarischen tierphysiologischen Versuchsstation in Budapest. III. Beitrag zur Kenntnis des anorganischen Stoffwechsels beim Pferde. Landwirtsch Versuchsstation 57, 367 404.
85. Teleb, H., 1984 : Untersuchungen über den intestinalen Ca-Stoffwechsel bei Pferd nach variierender Ca-Zufuhr und einer Oxalatzulage. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
86. Van Nevel, C. Demeyer, D., 1977 : Determination of rumen microbial growth in vitro from 32P-labelled phosphate incorporation. British Journal of Nutrition 38, 101 114.
87. Verthein, B., 1981 : Auswirkungen einer Enzymgabe auf die Futterverdaulichkeit beim Pferd. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
88. Wedemeyer, H. C. v., 1970 : Untersuchungen zum Calcium-, Phosphor- und Natrium-Umsatz des erwachsenen Pferdes. Dissertation, University of Göttingen, Germany.
89. Weidenhaupt, K., 1977 : Untersuchungen zum Kaliumstoffwechsel des Pferden. Dissertation, TiHo Hannover, Germany.
90. Weir, J. S., 1972 : Spatial distribution of elephants in an African National Park in relation to environmental sodium. Oikos 23, 1 13.
91. Weir, J. S., 1973 : Exploitation of water soluble soil sodium by elephants in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda. East African Wildlife Journal 11, 1 7.
92. Whitlock, R. H. Schryver, H. F. Krook, L. Hintz, H. F. Craig, P. H., 1970 : The effects of dietary calcium in horses. Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Lexington, Kentucky, 16, 127 134.
93. Wolff, E., 1884 : Pferde-Fütterungsversuche, 13. Bericht: Vergleichende Versuche mit Pferd und Hammel über die Verdaulichkeit von Wiesenheu und Kleeheu, nebst Beobachtungen über die Ausscheidung der Mineralstoffe bei Pferden. Landw. Jb. 13, 271 290.
94. Wolff, E., 1887 : Pferde-Fütterungsversuche, 15. Bericht: Versuche über die Leistungsfähigkeit des Pferdes bei stickstoffreicherem und stickstoffärmeren Futter, sowie über den Kreislauf der Mineralstoffe im Körper dieses Tieres. Landw. Jb. 16 (Suppl. 3 1,49,95.