A poverty of imagination: George W. Bush's policy in Latin America

Journal of Latin American Studies

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 355-385

  LeoGrande, William M ^a  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Colombia; Cuba, Haiti; Democracy promotion; Free Trade Area of the Americas; George W. Bush; Summit of the Americas; US policy toward Latin America; Venezuela

Indexed keywords

FOREIGN POLICY; FREE TRADE; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS; SOCIAL JUSTICE;

LATIN AMERICA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 34248396834     PISSN: 0022216X     EISSN: 1469767X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022216X07002416     Document Type: Article

References (117)

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2. Peter Smith, Talons of the Eagle: Dynamics of U.S.-Latin American Relations (Oxford, 1996)
3. Lars Schoultz, Beneath the United States: A History of US Policy Toward Latin America (Cambridge, 1998).
4. Economic aid data is from US Agency for International Development, US Overseas Loans and Grants, various years, available at: http://qesdb.cdie.org/gbk/.
5. Military aid data is from Just the Facts: A Civilian's Guide to US Defense and Security Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean (Washington, DC: Center for International Policy and the Washington Office on Latin America), http://www.ciponline.org/facts/.
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11. Alfredo Corchado, 'Iran-contra Figure up for Key Aide's Job,' Dallas Morning News, 4 March 2001.
12. Walt Bogdanich and Jenny Norberg, 'Mixed US Signals Helped Tilt Haiti Toward Chaos,' New York Times, 29 January 2006.
13. Ibid.
14. Christopher Marquis, 'U.S. Declines To Use Force To Put Down Haitian Strife,' New York Times, 18 February 2004.
15. David E. Sanger and Eric Schmitt, 'Bush Increases Pressure for Haitian to Leave Office,' New York Times, 29 February 2004.
16. On Colombia's human rights record and the links between the armed forces and the paramilitaries, see: US Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, 2005: Colombia (Washington, DC, 8 March 2006), http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61721.htm
17. Human Rights Watch, The 'Sixth Division': Military-Paramilitary Ties and US Policy in Colombia (New York: 4 October 2001), http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/colombia/
18. William Aviles, 'Paramilitarism and Colombia's Low-Intensity Democracy,' Journal of Latin American Studies, 38, no. 2 (May 2006), pp 379-408,
19. and Marc W. Chernick, 'The Paramilitarization of the War in Colombia,' NACLA Report on the Americas, 31, no. 5 (March/April 1998), pp. 28-34.
20. For a more detailed discussion of the origins of Plan Colombia, see: William M. LeoGrande and Kenneth E. Sharpe, 'One War or Two? Drugs, Guerrillas, and Colombia's New Violencia,' World Policy Journal, 17, no. 3 (October 2000), pp. 1-11.
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24. Military aid data is from Just the Facts: A Civilian's Guide to US Defense and Security Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean (Washington, DC: Center for International Policy and the Washington Office on Latin America), http://ciponline.org/facts/. Economic aid data is from USAID, 'Colombia: Overview,' http://www.usaid.gov/locations/ latin_america_caribbean/country/colombia/.
25. Colleen W. Cook, Plan Colombia: A Progress Report, CRS Report for Congress RL32230, 13 December 2006, pp. 24-5.
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28. Tim Padgett, 'Mob Scene In Miami,' Time, 26 November 2000.
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30. For the past four years, the annual posture statement of the US Southern Command has not mentioned a threat from Cuba.
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43. For an excellent assessment of Cuba's succession and the impotence of US policy, see Julia E. Sweig, 'Fidel's Final Victory,' Foreign Affairs January/February 2007, pp. 39-56.
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52. The highest rated presidents were in Argentine, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Uruguay and Brazil. Latinobarómetro Report 2006, p. 76.
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56. Howard LaFranchi, 'Belt-Tightening Reaches A Limit in Latin America,' Christian Science Monitor, 10 July 1996.
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77. Andy Webb-Vidal, 'Bush Orders Policy to 'Contain' Chávez,' Financial Times, 13 March 2005.
78. David S. Cloud, 'Like Old Times: U.S. Warns Latins Against Leftists,' New York Times, 19 August 2005.
79. Joel Brinkley, 'Latin Nations Resist Plan for Monitor of Democracy,' New York Times, 6 June 2005.
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97. The text of the speech was published as 'Pardo-Maurer Speaks at the Hudson Institute's Center for Latin American Studies,' US Cuba Policy Report, 26 July 2005.
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114. Julia Sweig developed this idea about what she dubbed the Latin Americanisation of US foreign policy in Friendly Fire: Losing Friends and Making Enemies in the Anti-American Century (New York, 2006).
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117. Monte Reel, 'Skepticism Prevails at Trade Talks,' Washington Post, 6 November 2005.