Administrative barriers to the adoption of high-quality mental health services for children in foster care: A national study

Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 191-201

  Raghavan, Ramesh ^a   Inkelas, Moira ^b   Franke, Todd ^b   Halfon, Neal ^b  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Child welfare; Children; Foster care; Mental health; Quality

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AWARENESS; CHILD WELFARE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; FOSTER CARE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEALTH SURVEY; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REIMBURSEMENT;

CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION; FOSTER HOME CARE; HEALTH CARE SURVEYS; HUMANS; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; QUALITY ASSURANCE, HEALTH CARE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 34248357878     PISSN: 0894587X     EISSN: 15733289     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10488-006-0095-6     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) (2001). Policy statement psychiatric care of children in the foster care system. Washington, DC: Online at: www.aacap.org/publications/policy/ps45.htm
2. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Child Health Financing (2005). Model contractual language for medical necessity for children. Pediatrics, 116, 261-262.
3. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption and Dependent Care (2002). Health care of young children in foster care. Pediatrics, 109, 536-541.
4. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Early Childhood Adoption: Dependent Care (1994). Health care of young children in foster care. Pediatrics, 93, 335-338.
5. Berwick, D. M., DeParle, N., Eddy, D. M., Ellwood, P. M., Enthoven, A. C., Halvorson, G. C. et al. (2003). Paying for performance: Medicare should lead. Health Affairs, 22, 8-10.
6. Blair-Hutchinson, A., & Foster, E. M. (2003). The effect of Medicaid managed care on mental health care for children: A review of the literature. Mental Health Services Research, 5, 39-54.
7. Blanchard, T. P. (2004). "Medical necessity" determinations - a continuing healthcare policy problem. Journal of Health Law, 37, 464-469.
8. Burns, B. J. (2003). Children and evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 26, 955-970.
9. Burns, B. J., Costello, E.,J., & Angold, A. (1995). Children's mental health service use across service sectors. Health Affairs, 14, 147-159.
10. Burns, B. J., Hoagwood, K., & Mrazek P. (1999). Effective treatment for mental disorders in children and adolescents. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2, 199-254.
11. Carpinello, S. E., Rosenberg, L., Stone, J., Schwager, M., & Felton, C. J. (2002). Best practices: New York State's campaign to implement evidence-based practices for people with serious mental disorders. Psychiatric Services, 53, 153-155.
12. Child Welfare League of America (1988). Standards for health care service for children in out-of-home care. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.
13. Clausen, J. M., Landsverk, J., Ganger, W., Chadwick, D., & Litrownik A. (1998). Mental health problems of children in foster care. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7, 289-296.
14. Daleiden, E. L., & Chorpita, B. F. (2005). From data to wisdom: Quality improvement strategies supporting large-scale implementation of evidence-based services. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14, 329-349.
15. Dixon, L., McFarlane, W. R., Lefley, H., Lucksted, A., Cohen, M., Falloon, I. et al. (2001). Evidence-based practices for services to families of people with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Services, 52, 903-910.
16. Dougherty, D., Meikle, S. F., Owens, P., Kelley, E., & Moy E. (2005). Health care in the first national healthcare quality report and national healthcare disparities report. Medical Care, 43, I58-I63.
17. Drake, R. E., Goldman, H. H., Leff, H. S., Lehman, A. F., Dixon, L., Mueser, K. T. et al. (2001). Implementing evidence-based practices in routine mental health service settings. Psychiatric Services, 52, 179-182.
18. Fossett, J. W., Goggin, M., Hall, J. S., Johnston, J., Plein, L. C., Roper, R., & Weissert C. (2000). Managing Medicaid managed care: are states becoming prudent purchasers? Health Affairs, 19, 36-49.
19. Fox, H. B., & McManus, M. A. (2001). A national study of commercial health insurance and Medicaid definitions of medical necessity: What do they mean for children? Ambulatory Pediatrics, 1, 16-22.
20. Frank, R. G., Huskamp, H. A., McGuire, T. G., & Newhouse, J. P. (1996). Some economics of mental health 'carve-outs.' Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 933-937.
21. Ganju, V. (2003). Implementation of evidence-based practices in state mental health systems: Implications for research and effectiveness studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29, 125-131.
22. Glisson, C. (2002). The organizational context of children's mental health services. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 5, 233-253.
23. Glisson, C. (1996). Judicial and service decisions for children entering state custody: The limited role of mental health. Social Service Review, 70, 257-281.
24. Glisson, C., & Hemmelgarn, A. (1998). The effects of organizational climate and interorganizational coordination on the quality and outcomes of children's service systems. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22, 401-421.
25. Goldman, H. H., Ganju, V., Drake, R. E., Gorman, P., Hogan, M., Hyde, P. S. et al. (2001). Policy implications for implementing evidence-based practices. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1591-1597.
26. Grol, R. (2001). Successes and failures in the implementation of evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice. Medical Care, 39, 46-54.
27. Halfon, N., Berkowiz, G., & Klee, L. (1992). Mental health service utilization by children in foster care in California. Pediatrics, 89, 1238-1244.
28. Halfon, N., & Klee, L. (1987). Health services for California's foster children: Current practices and policy recommendations. Pediatrics, 80, 183-191.
29. Halfon, N., Mendonca, A., & Berkowitz, G. (1995). Health status of children in foster care: The experience of the Center for the Vulnerable Child. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 149, 386-392.
30. Halfon, N., Inkelas, M., Flint, R., Shoaf, K., Zepeda, A., & Franke, T. (2002). Assessment of factors influencing the adequacy of health care services to children in foster care. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Healthier Children, Families and Communities.
31. Harman, J. S., Childs, G. E., & Kelleher, K. J. (2000). Mental health care utilization and expenditures by children in foster care. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 154, 1114-1117.
32. Hoagwood, K. (2003). The policy context for child and adolescent mental health services: Implications for systems reform and basic science development. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1008, 140-148.
33. Hoagwood, K., Burns, B. J., Kiser, L., Ringeisen, H., & Schoenwald S. K. (2001). Evidence-based practice in child and adolescent mental health services. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1179-1189.
34. Homer, C. J., Forbes, P., Horvitz, L., Peterson, L. E., Wypij, D., & Heinrich, P. (2005). Impact of a quality improvement program on care and outcomes for children with asthma. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 159, 464-469.
35. Horvath, J. (1997). Improving health care for children in foster care: Alternative delivery models. Portland, ME: National Academy for State Health Policy.
36. Hurlburt, M. S., Leslie, L. K., Landsverk, J., Barth, R. P., Burns, B. J., Gibbons, R. D., Slymen, D. J., & Zhang, J. (2004). Contextual predictors of mental health service use among children open to child welfare. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1217-1224.
37. Institute for Healthcare Improvement (2003). The breakthrough series: IHI's collaborative model for achieving breakthrough achievement. Boston, MA: Online at: http://www.ihi.org/NR/rdonlyres/3F1925B7-6C47-48ED-AA83- C85DBABB664D/0/TheBreakthroughSeriespaper.pdf
38. Institute of Medicine (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
39. James, S., Landsverk, J., Slymen, D. J., & Leslie, L. K. (2004). Predictors of outpatient mental health service use-The role of foster care placement change. Mental Health Services Research, 6, 127-141.
40. Joint Commission on the Mental Health of Children (1969). Crisis in child mental health. Harper & Row, New York.
41. Kilo, C. M. (1998). A framework for collaborative improvement: Lessons from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Breakthrough Series. Quality Management in Health Care, 6, 1-13.
42. Klee, L., & Halfon, N. (1987). Mental health care for foster children in California. Child Abuse and Neglect, 11, 63-74.
43. Landsverk, J., Garland, A. F., & Leslie, L. K. (2002). Mental health services for children reported to Child Protective Services. In J. E. B. Myers, L. Berliner, J. Briere, C. T. Hendrix, C. Jenny, & T. A. Reid (Eds.), APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (pp. 487-507). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
44. LeBel, J., Stromberg, N., Duckworth, K., Kerzner, J., Goldstein, R., Weeks, M. et al. (2004). Child and adolescent inpatient restraint reduction: A state initiative to promote strength-based care. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 37-45.
45. Lerner, J. C., Gesek, J., & Adams S. (2003). Will using evidence-based approaches to a standards development process improve Medicaid policy making? Report on a promising effort. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 26, 322-333.
46. Margolis, P. A. (2004). Small steps and big leaps: Implications of the national survey of early childhood health for improving the quality of preventive and developmental care for young children. Pediatrics, 113, 1988-1990.
47. Markus, A. R., Rosenbaum, S., Sonosky, C., Repasch, L., & Mauery, D. R. (2005). State purchasing and enforcement quality care for children in Medicaid and SCHIP managed care. Managed Care Interface, 18, 24-30.
48. McCarthy, J. (2003). Child Welfare Special Analysis. Available at http://rtckids.fmhi.usf.edu/rtcpubs/hctrking/pubs/2003_statesurvey/2003survey/ 17-%20CW2129-147.pdf. [accessed on March 13, 2006]
49. Microsoft Corporation (2003). Excel 2003 for Windows Professional Edition. Microsoft Corporation, Redmond WA.
50. Mitchell, L. B., Barth, R. P., Green, R., Wall, A., Biemer, P., Berrick, J. D. et al. (2005). Child welfare reform in the United States: findings from a local agency survey. Child Welfare, 84, 5-24.
51. NASMHPD Research Institute, Inc. (2005). Evidence-based practices. Alexandria, VA: NRI Center for Mental Health Quality and Accountability: Online at: www.nri-inc.org/CMHQA.cfm. [accessed on March 10, 2006]
52. Newton, R. R., Litrownik, A. J., & Landsverk, J. A. (2000). Children and youth in foster care: Disentangling the relationship between problem behaviors and number of replacements. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24, 1363-1374.
53. Pilowsky, D. (1995). Psychopathology among children placed in family foster care. Psychiatric Services, 46, 906-910.
54. President's Commission on Mental Health (1978). Report of the sub-task panel on infants, children, and adolescents. Washington, DC: President's Commission on Mental Health.
55. President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003). Achieving the promise: Transforming mental health care in America. Rockville, MD: Online at: http://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov/reports/FinalReport/toc.html. [accessed on March 13, 2006]
56. Raghavan, R., Zima, B. T., Andersen, R. M., Leibowitz, A. A., Schuster, M. A., & Landsverk, J. (2005). Psychotropic medication use in a national probability sample of children in the child welfare system. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 15, 97-106.
57. Rosenbach, M. (2001). Children in foster care: Challenges in meeting their health care needs through Medicaid. Mathematica Policy Research, Inc: Princeton, NJ.
58. Rosenheck, R. A. (2001). Organizational process: A missing link between research and practice. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1607-1612.
59. Rubin, D. M., Alessandrini, E. A., Feudtner, C., Localio, A. R., & Hadley, T. (2004). Placement changes and emergency department visits in the first year of foster care. Pediatrics, 114, 354-360.
60. Rubin, D., Halfon, N., Raghavan, R., & Rosenbaum, S. (2005). Protecting children in foster care: Why proposed Medicaid cuts harm our nation's most vulnerable youth. Seattle, WA: Casey Family Programs: Online at: www.casey.org/Resources/Publications/Medicaid.htm. [accessed on March 10, 2006]
61. Sackett, D. L., Rosenberg, W. M. C., Muir-Gray, J. A., Haynes, R. B., & Richardson, W. S. (1996). Evidence-based medicine: What it is and what it isn't. British Medical Journal, 312, 71-72.
62. Schoenwald, S. K., & Hoagwood, K. (2001). Effectiveness, transportability, and dissemination: What matters when? Psychiatric Services, 52, 1179-1189.
63. Schor, E. L. (1981). Health care supervision of foster children. Child Welfare, 60, 313-319.
64. Simms, M. D., Dubowitz, H., & Szilagyi, M. A. (2000). Health care needs of children in the foster care system. Pediatrics, 106, 909-918.
65. Simpson, D. D. (2002). A conceptual framework for transferring research to practice. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 22, 171-182.
66. Smith, V. K. (2005). The role of states in improving health and health care for young children. The Commonwealth Fund (Issue Brief), New York, NY.
67. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2005). About evidence-based practices: Shaping mental health services towards recovery. Washington, DC: Online at: www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cmhs/ communitysupport/toolkits/about.asp. [accessed on March 13, 2006]
68. Szilagyi, P. G. (2004). Improved access and quality of care after enrollment in the New York State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). Pediatrics, 113, 395-404.
69. Takayama, J. I., Bergman, A. B., & Connel, F. A. (1994). Children in foster care in the state of Washington: Health care utilization and expenditures. Journal of the American Medical Association, 271, 1850-1855.
70. Tanenbaum, S. (2003). Evidence-based practice in mental health: Practical weaknesses meet political strengths. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 9, 287-301.
71. Torrey, W. C., Finnerty, M., Evans, A., & Wyzik P. (2003) Strategies for leading the implementation of evidence-based practices. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 26, 883-897.
72. Torrey, W. C., Drake, R. E., Dixon, L., Burns, B. J., Flynn, L., Rush, A. J. et al. (2001). Implementing evidence-based practices for persons with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 52, 45-50.
73. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (1986). Children's mental health:Problems and services-a background paper. Washington, DC: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment.
74. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2005). Transforming mental health care in America: The federal action agenda: First steps. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Online at: http://www.samhsa.gov/ Federalactionagenda/NFC_TOC.aspx. [accessed on March 13, 2006]
75. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1999). Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: U.S. Public Health Service.
76. U.S. General Accounting Office (2003). Child welfare and juvenile justice: Federal agencies could play a stronger role in helping states reduce the number of children placed solely to obtain mental health services. Washington, DC: US GAO Pub. No.GAO-03-397.
77. Webster, D., Barth, R. P., & Needell, B. (2000). Placement stability for children in out- of-home care: A longitudinal analysis. Child Welfare, 79, 614-632.
78. Weisz, J. R., Sandler, I. N., Durlak, J. A., & Anton, B. S. (2005). Promoting and protecting youth mental health through evidence-based prevention and treatment. American Psychologist, 60, 628-648.
79. Zima, B. T., Bussing, R., Freeman, S., Yang, X., Belin, T. R., & Forness S. R. (2000). Behavior problems, academic skill delays and school failure among school-aged children in foster care: Their relationship to placement characteristics. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9, 87-103.