Humeral retractor EMG during quadrupedal walking in primates

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 210, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 1204-1215

  Larson, Susan G ^a   Stern Jr , Jack T ^a  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Electromyography; Latissimus dorsi; Locomotion; Pectoralis major; Shoulder; Teres major

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMERUS; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIMATE; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; VIDEORECORDING; WALKING;

ANIMALS; BIOMECHANICS; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMERUS; MALE; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; PRIMATES; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; VIDEO RECORDING; WALKING;

CERCOPITHECUS; MAMMALIA; PAN; PRIMATES;

EID: 34248334520     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.002337     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Ashton, E. H. and Oxnard, C. E. (1963). The musculature of the primate shoulder. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 29, 553-650.
2. Cant, J. G. (1986). Locomotion and feeding posture of spider and howling monkeys. Folia Primatol. 46, 1-14.
3. Carlson, K. J., Demes, B. and Franz, T. M. (2005). Mediolateral forces associated with quadrupedal gaits of lemurids. J. Zool. Lond. 266, 261-273.
4. D'Avella, A. and Bizzi, E. (2005). Shared and specific muscle synergies in natural motor behaviors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 3076-3081.
5. D'Avella, A., Saltiel, P. and Bizzi, E. (2003). Combinations of muscle synergies in the construction of a natural motor behavior. Nat. Neurosci. 6, 300-308.
6. Davis, D. D. (1949). The shoulder architecture of bears and other carnivores. Fieldiana Zoology Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus. 31, 285-305.
7. Demes, B., Larson, S. G., Stern, J. T., Jr, Jungers, W. L., Biknevicius, A. R. and Schmitt, D. (1994). The kinetics of 'hind limb drive' reconsidered. J. Hum. Evol. 26, 353-374.
8. English, A. W. (1978a). Functional analysis of the shoulder girdle of cats during locomotion. J. Morphol. 156, 279-292.
9. English, A. W. (1978b). An electromyographic analysis of forelimb muscles during overground stepping in the cat. J. Exp. Biol. 76, 105-122.
10. Goslow, G. E., Jr, Seeherman, H. J., Taylor, C. R., McCutchin, M. N. and Heglund, N. C. (1981). Electrical-activity and relative length changes of dog limb muscles as a function of speed and gait. J. Exp. Biol. 94, 15-42.
11. Goslow, G. E., Jr, Dial, K. P. and Jenkins, F. A., Jr (1989). The avian shoulder: an experimental approach. Am. Zool. 29, 287-301.
12. Grand, T. (1968). Functional anatomy of the upper limb. In Biology of the Howler Monkey (Alouatta caraya). Bibl. Primat. No. 7 (ed. M. R. Malinow), pp. 104-125. Basel: Karger.
13. Hildebrand, M. (1967). Symmetrical gaits of primates. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 26, 119-130.
14. Howell, A. B. (1965). Speed in Animals. New York: Hafner Publishing Company.
15. Jenkins, F. A., Jr and Goslow, G. E., Jr (1983). The functional anatomy of the shoulder of the savannah monitor lizard (Varanus exanthematicus). J. Morphol. 175, 195-216.
16. Jenkins, F. A., Jr and Weijs, W. A. (1979). The functional anatomy of the shoulder in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana). J. Zool. Lond. 188, 379-410.
17. Kimura, T. (1985). Bipedal and quadrupedal walking of primates: comparative dynamics. In Primate Morphophysiology, Locomotor Analyses and Human Bipedalism (ed. S. Kondo), pp. 81-104. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
18. Kimura, T., Okada, M. and Ishida, H. (1979). Kinesiological characteristics of primate walking: its significance in human walking. In Environment, Behavior, and Morphology: Dynamic Interactions in Primates (ed. M. E. Morbeck, H. Preuschoft and N. Gomberg), pp. 297-311. New York: Gustav Fischer.
19. Larson, S. G. (1998). Unique aspects of quadrupedal locomotion in nonhuman primates. In Primate Locomotion (ed. E. Strasser, J. G. Fleagle, A. Rosenberger and H. McHenry), pp. 157-173. New York: Plenum Press.
20. Larson, S. G. and Stern, J. T., Jr (1987). EMG of chimpanzee shoulder muscles during knuckle-walking: problems of terrestrial locomotion in a suspensory adapted primate. J. Zool. Lond. 212, 629-655.
21. Larson, S. G. and Stern, J. T., Jr (1989). The role of propulsive muscles of the shoulder during quadrupedalism in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops): Implications for neural control of locomotion in primates. J. Mot. Behav. 21, 457-472.
22. Nomura, S., Sawazake, H. and Ibaraki, T. (1966). Co-operated muscular action in postural adjustment and motion in dog, from the viewpoint of electromyographic kinesiology and joint mechanics. IV. About muscular activity in walking and trot. Jap. J. Zootech. Sci. 37, 221-229.
23. Peters, S. E. and Goslow, G. E., Jr (1983). From salamanders to mammals: continuity in musculoskeletal function during locomotion. Brain Behav. Evol. 22, 191-197.
24. Prost, J. H. (1965). The methodology of gait analysis and gaits of monkeys. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 23, 215-240.
25. Prost, J. H. (1969). A replication study on monkey gaits. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 30, 203-208.
26. Rollinson, J. and Martin, R. D. (1981). Comparative aspects of primate locomotion, with special reference to arboreal cercopithecines. In Vertebrate Locomotion: Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, No. 48 (ed. M. H. Day), pp. 377-427. London: Academic Press.
27. Rose, M. D. (1979). Positional behavior of natural populations: some quantitative results of a field study of Colobus guereza and Cercopithecus aethiops. In Environment, Behavior, and Morphology: Dynamic Interactions in Primates (ed. M. E. Morbeck, H. Preuschoft and N. Gomberg), pp. 74-93. New York: Gustav Fischer.
28. Saltiel, P., Wyler-Duda, K., d'Avella, A. and Tresch, M. C. (2001). Muscle synergies encoded within the spinal cord: evidence from focal intraspinal NMDA Iontophoresis in the frog. J. Neurophysiol. 85, 605-619.
29. Schmitt, D. (1994). Forelimb mechanics as a function of substrate type during quadrupedalism in two anthropoid primates. J. Hum. Evol. 26, 441-457.
30. Schmitt, D. (2003). Mediolateral reaction forces and forelimb anatomy in quadrupedal primates: implications for interpreting locomotor behavior in fossil primates. J. Hum. Evol. 44, 47-58.
31. Schmitt, D. and Lemelin, P. (2002). The origins of primate locomotion: gait mechanics of the woolly opossum. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 118, 231-238.
32. Smith, J. M. and Savage, R. J. G. (1956). Some locomotor adaptations in mammals. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 42, 603-622.
33. Stern, J. T., Jr, Wells, J. P., Vangor, A. K. and Fleagle, J. G. (1977). Electromyography of some muscles of the upper limb in Ateles and Lagothrix. Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 20, 498-507.
34. Stern, J. T., Jr, Wells, J. P., Jungers, W. L., Vangor, A. K. and Fleagle, J. G. (1980). An electromyographic study of the pectoralis major in atelines and Hylobates, with special reference to the evolution of a pars clavicularis. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 52, 13-26.
35. Susman, R. L. and Stern, J. T., Jr (1979). Telemetered electromyography of flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis in Pan troglodytes and implications for interpretation of the O.H. 7 hand. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 50, 565-574.
36. Ting, L. H. and Macpherson, J. M. (2005). A limited set of muscle synergies for force control during a postural task. J. Neurophysiol. 93, 609-613.
37. Tokuriki, M. (1973a). Electromyographic and joint-mechanical studies in quadrupedal locomotion. I. Walk. Jap. J. Vet. Sci. 35, 433-448.
38. Tokuriki, M. (1973b). Electromyographic and joint-mechanical studies in quadrupedal locomotion. II. Trot. Jap. J. Vet. Sci. 35, 525-533.
39. Tokuriki, M. (1974). Electromyographic and joint-mechanical studies in quadrupedal locomotion. III. Gallop. Jap. J. Vet. Sci. 36, 121-132.
40. Vilensky, J. A. (1987). Locomotor behavior and control in human and nonhuman primates: comparisons with cats and dogs. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 11, 263-274.
41. Vilensky, J. A. (1989). Primate quadrupedalism: how and why does it differ from that of typical quadrupeds. Brain Behav. Evol. 34, 357-364.
42. Vilensky, J. A. and Larson, S. G. (1989). Primate locomotion: utilization and control of symmetrical gaits. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 18, 17-35.