Examining relations among attachment, religiosity, and new age spirituality using the Adult Attachment Interview.

Developmental Psychology

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 590-601

  Granqvist, Pehr ^a   Ivarsson, Tord ^b   Broberg, Anders G ^b   Hagekull, Berit ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Adult Attachment Interview; God image; New Age; Religion; Religious change

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; CHILD PARENT RELATION; EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBJECT RELATION; PERSONALITY TEST; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; RELIGION;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PARENTING; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; QUESTIONNAIRES; REJECTION (PSYCHOLOGY); RELIGION AND PSYCHOLOGY; SPIRITUALITY;

EID: 34248326036     PISSN: 00121649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.590     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1985). Attachments across the life-span. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 61, 792-812.
2. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
3. Belsky, J. (2002). Developmental origins of attachment styles. Attachment and Human Development, 4, 166-170.
4. Benson, P., & Spilka, B. (1973). God image as a function of self-esteem and locus of control. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 12, 297-310.
5. Birgegard, A., & Granqvist, P. (2004). The correspondence between attachment to parents and God: Three experiments using subliminal separation cues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1122-1135.
6. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
7. Bowlby, J. (1973). Separation anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.
8. Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss. New York: Basic Books.
9. Broberg, A., Ivarsson, T., & Hinde, M. (1996). Anknytningsintervjun: En metod för att studera vuxnas mentala representationer av sina barndomserfarenheter [The attachment interview: A method to study adults' mental representations of their childhood experiences]. Rapport Nr. 2:96 participantsykologiska Institutionen, Göteborgs Universitet.
10. Brown, S. L., Nesse, R. M., House, J. S., & Utz, R. L. (2004). Religion and emotional compensation: Results from a prospective study of widowhood. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1165-1174.
11. Carlson, E. A. (1998). A prospective longitudinal study of attachment disorganization/disorientation. Child Development, 69, 1107-1128.
12. Crowell, J. A., Fraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R. (1999). Measurement of individual differences in adolescent and adult attachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 434-465). New York: Guilford Press.
13. De Haas, M. A., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1994). The Adult Attachment Interview and questionnaires for attachment style, temperament, and memories of parental behavior. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 155, 471-486.
14. Eisen, M. L., & Carlson, E. B. (1998). Individual differences in suggestibility: Examining the influence of dissociation, absorption, and a history of childhood abuse. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12, 47-61.
15. Farias, M., Claridge, G., & Lalljee, M. (2005). Personality and cognitive predictors of New Age practices and beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 979-989.
16. Freud, S. (1964). The future of an illusion. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. (Original work published 1927)
17. Gallup, G., Jr., & Jones, S. (1989). One hundred questions and answers: Religion in America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Religious Research Center.
18. George, C., & Solomon, J. (1999). Attachment and caregiving: The care-giving behavioural system. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 649-670). New York: Guilford Press.
19. Granqvist, P. (1998). Religiousness and perceived childhood attachment: On the question of compensation or correspondence. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 350-367.
20. Granqvist, P. (2002). Attachment and religiosity in adolescence: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 260-270.
21. Granqvist, P. (2003). Attachment theory and religious conversions: A review and a resolution of the classic and contemporary paradigm chasm. Review of Religious Research, 45, 172-187.
22. Granqvist, P., & Dickie, J. R. (2006). Attachment theory and spiritual development in childhood and adolescence. In P. L. Benson, E. C. Roehlkepartain, P. E. King, & L. Wageners (Eds.), The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence (pp. 197-210). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
23. Granqvist, P., Fredrikson, M., Unge, P., Hagenfeldt, A., Valind, S., Larhammar, D., & Larsson, M. (2005). Sensed presence and mystical experiences are predicted by suggestibility, not by the application of weak complex transcranial magnetic fields. Neuroscience Letters, 375, 69-74.
24. Granqvist, P., & Hagekull, B. (1999). Religiousness and perceived childhood attachment: Profiling socialized correspondence and emotional compensation. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38, 254-273.
25. Granqvist, P., & Hagekull, B. (2000). Religiosity, adult attachment, and why "singles" are more religious. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10, 111-123.
26. Granqvist, P., & Hagekull, B. (2001). Seeking security in the New Age: On attachment and emotional compensation. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40, 529-547.
27. Granqvist, P., & Hagekull, B. (2003). Longitudinal predictions of religious change in adolescence: Contributions from the interaction of attachment and relationship status. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20, 793-817.
28. Granqvist, P., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2004). Religious conversion and perceived childhood attachment: A meta-analysis. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 14, 223-250.
29. Granqvist, P., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (in press). Attachment and religious representations and behavior. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment theory and research (2nd rev. ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
30. Hagekull, B., & Bohlin, G. (1998). Preschool temperament and environmental factors related to the five-factor model of personality in middle childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 44, 194-215.
31. Hamilton, C. E. (2000). Continuity and discontinuity of attachment from infancy through adolescence. Child Development, 71, 690-694.
32. Hammer, O. (1997). På spaning efter helheten: New age - en ny folktro? [On the search for totality: New age - A new folklore?]. Stockholm, Sweden: Wahlström & Widstrand.
33. Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
34. Hesse, E. (1999). The Adult Attachment Interview: Historical and current perspectives. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 395-433). New York: Guilford Press.
35. Hesse, E., & van LJzendoorn, M. H. (1999). Propensities towards absorption are related to lapses in the monitoring of reasoning or discourse during the Adult Attachment Interview: A preliminary investigation. Attachment and Human Development, 1, 67-91.
36. Houtman, D., & Aupers, S. (in press). The spiritual revolution and the New Age gender puzzle. In G. Vincett, S. Sharma, & K. Aune (Eds.), Women and religion in the West: Challenging secularization. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.
37. James, W. (1902). Varieties of religious experience. New York: Longmans, Green.
38. Kirkpatrick, L. A. (1997). A longitudinal study of changes in religious belief and behavior as a function of individual differences in adult attachment style. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36, 207-217.
39. Kirkpatrick, L. A. (1998). God as a substitute attachment figure: A longitudinal study of adult attachment style and religious change in college students. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 961-973.
40. Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2005). Attachment, evolution, and the psychology of religion. New York: Guilford Press.
41. Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Attachment theory and religion: Childhood attachments, religious beliefs and conversions. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29, 315-334.
42. Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Shaver, P. R. (1992). An attachment-theoretical approach to romantic love and religious belief. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 266-275.
43. Koenig, H. G., Kvale, J. N., & Ferrel, C. (1988). Religion and well-being in later life. Gerontologist, 28, 18-28.
44. Main, M. (1991). Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) vs. multiple (incoherent) models of attachment: Findings and directions for future research. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle (pp. 127-159). London: Tavistock/Routledge.
45. Main, M., Goldwyn, R., & Hesse, E. (2003). Adult attachment scoring and classification systems. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Berkeley.
46. Main, M., Hesse, E., & Kaplan, N. (2005). Predictability of attachment behavior and representational models at 1, 6, and 19 years of age: The Berkeley longitudinal study. In K. E. Grossmann, K. Grossmann, & E. Waters (Eds.), Attachment from infancy to adulthood (pp. 245-304). New York: Guilford Press.
47. Main, M., & Morgan, H. (1996). Disorganization and disorientation in infant Strange Situation behavior: Phenotypic resemblance to dissociative states. In L. Michelson & W. Ray (Eds.), Handbook of dissociation: Theoretical, empirical, and clinical perspectives (pp. 107-138). New York: Plenum Press.
48. Reinert, D. F., & Smith, C. E. (1997). Childhood sexual abuse and female spiritual development. Counseling and Values, 41, 235-245.
49. Rice, T. W. (2003). Believe it or not: Religious and other paranormal beliefs in the United States. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42, 95-106.
50. Richters, J. E., & Waters, E. (1991). Attachment and socialization: The positive side of social influence. In M. Lewis & S. Feinman (Eds.), Social influences and socialization in infancy (Vol. 6, pp. 185-213). New York: Plenum Press.
51. Roehlkepartain, E. C., King, P. E., Wagener L., & Benson, P. L. (Eds.). (2006). The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
52. Rohner, R. P. (1986). The warmth dimension: Foundations of parental acceptance-rejection theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
53. Sagi, A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Scharf, M., Koren-Karie, N., Joels, T., & Mayseless, O. (1994). Stability and discriminant validity of the Adult Attachment Interview: A psychometric study. Developmental Psychology, 5, 771-777.
54. Shaver, P. R., Belsky, J., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). The Adult Attachment Interview and self-reports of romantic attachment: Associations across domains and methods. Personal Relationships, 7, 25-43.
55. Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2002). Attachment-related psychodynamics. Attachment & Human Development, 4, 133-161.
56. Singer, M. T., & Nievod, A. (2003). New age therapies. In S. O. Lilienfeld, S. J. Lynn, & J. M. Lohr (Eds.), Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology (pp. 176-204). New York: Guilford Press.
57. Spilka, B., Hood, R. W., Jr., Hunsberger, B., & Gorsuch, R. (2003). The psychology of religion: An empirical approach (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
58. Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood. New York: Guilford Press.
59. Stark, R., Hamberg, E. M., & Miller, A. (2005). Exploring spirituality and unchurched religions in America, Sweden, and Japan. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 20, 3-23.
60. Ullman, C. (1982). Cognitive and emotional antecedents of religious conversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 183-192.
61. van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1995). Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: A meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 387-403.
62. Waters, E., Merrick, S. K., Treboux, D., Crowell, J., & Alberstheim, L. (2000). Attachment security from infancy to early adulthood: A 20-year longitudinal study of attachment security in infancy and early adulthood. Child Development, 71, 684-689.