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Volumn 530, Issue 1, 1993, Pages 137-154

Living Proof: Is Hawaii the Answer?

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EID: 34248237060     PISSN: 00027162     EISSN: 15523349     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0002716293530001010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (38)
  • 2
    • 84977056089 scopus 로고
    • New York: Fawcett Crest Books
    • James Michener, Hawaii (New York: Fawcett Crest Books, 1959), p. 1130.
    • (1959) Hawaii , pp. 1130
  • 4
    • 84933490051 scopus 로고
    • Time to Rethink Immigration? The Decline of the Americanization of Immigrants
    • Quoted in 22 June
    • Quoted in Peter Brimelow, “Time to Rethink Immigration? The Decline of the Americanization of Immigrants,” National Review, 22 June 1992, p. 30.
    • (1992) National Review , pp. 30
    • Peter, B.1
  • 6
    • 84977017639 scopus 로고
    • An Island Community: Ecological Succession in Hawaii
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press idem Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 1955 idem Hawaii: The Last of the Magic Isles New York: Institute of Peace Relations 1969
    • Andrew Lind, An Island Community: Ecological Succession in Hawaii (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1938); idem, Hawaii's People (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1955); idem, Hawaii: The Last of the Magic Isles (New York: Institute of Peace Relations, 1969).
    • (1938) Hawaii's People
  • 8
    • 84977009945 scopus 로고
    • Before the Horror: The Population of Hawaii on the Eve of Western Contact
    • For many years, Captain Cook's estimate of the population in 1778 as being between 350,000 and 400,000 was commonly accepted by historians, anthropologists, and popular lore. David Stannard of the American Studies Department at the University of Hawaii has recently challenged the validity of these figures, sparking a new, sometimes heated debate over what the actual size of the Native Hawaiian population was at the time of contact with the West. See David Stannard, Honolulu: University of Hawaii, Social Science Research Institute Eleanor C. Nordyke Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 1977
    • For many years, Captain Cook's estimate of the population in 1778 as being between 350,000 and 400,000 was commonly accepted by historians, anthropologists, and popular lore. David Stannard of the American Studies Department at the University of Hawaii has recently challenged the validity of these figures, sparking a new, sometimes heated debate over what the actual size of the Native Hawaiian population was at the time of contact with the West. See David Stannard, Before the Horror: The Population of Hawaii on the Eve of Western Contact (Honolulu: University of Hawaii, Social Science Research Institute, 1989); Eleanor C. Nordyke, The Peopling of Hawaii (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1977).
    • (1989) The Peopling of Hawaii
  • 10
    • 0003681074 scopus 로고
    • See Lily Kameeleihiwa, Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press for a contemporary Native Hawaiian historian's interpretation of how conflicting cultural and economic values between the new foreign community and the traditional kanaka maoli resulted in the dispossession of native lands
    • See Lily Kameeleihiwa, Native Land and Foreign Desires: How Shall We Live in Harmony? (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1992), for a contemporary Native Hawaiian historian's interpretation of how conflicting cultural and economic values between the new foreign community and the traditional kanaka maoli resulted in the dispossession of native lands.
    • (1992) Native Land and Foreign Desires: How Shall We Live in Harmony?
  • 11
    • 84977009966 scopus 로고
    • To Steal a Kingdom
    • With the 100th anniversary of the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy being remembered on 17 January 1993, several new popular histories have promoted a conspiratorial theory of history, viewing the annexation of the islands as a long-planned scheme of missionaries and merchants. See Michael Dougherty, Waimanalo, HI: Island Press Rich Budnick Honolulu: Aloha Press 1992
    • With the 100th anniversary of the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy being remembered on 17 January 1993, several new popular histories have promoted a conspiratorial theory of history, viewing the annexation of the islands as a long-planned scheme of missionaries and merchants. See Michael Dougherty, To Steal a Kingdom (Waimanalo, HI: Island Press, 1992); Rich Budnick, Stolen Kingdom: An American Conspiracy (Honolulu: Aloha Press, 1992).
    • (1992) Stolen Kingdom: An American Conspiracy
  • 13
    • 84976986104 scopus 로고
    • New York: Monthly Review Press
    • Noel Kent, Hawaii: Islands under the Influence (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1983), p. 77.
    • (1983) Hawaii: Islands under the Influence , pp. 77
  • 14
    • 84976924714 scopus 로고
    • For a review of the arguments against statehood status for hawaii due to the large number of Asian Americans, who could turn against the United States in time of war, see Hawaii Equal Rights Commission, Honolulu: Hawaii Equal Rights Commission
    • For a review of the arguments against statehood status for hawaii due to the large number of Asian Americans, who could turn against the United States in time of war, see Hawaii Equal Rights Commission, Statehood for Hawaii and the Visit to the Islands of the 1932 Joint Congressional Committee on Hawaii (Honolulu: Hawaii Equal Rights Commission, 1937), pp. 12-13.
    • (1937) Statehood for Hawaii and the Visit to the Islands of the 1932 Joint Congressional Committee on Hawaii , pp. 12-13
  • 15
    • 84977010431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a map of “an island plantation community” that clearly delineates the racially segregated camps, see Lind, facing
    • For a map of “an island plantation community” that clearly delineates the racially segregated camps, see Lind, Island Community, facing p. 308.
    • Island Community , pp. 308
  • 16
    • 0037987550 scopus 로고
    • For a multicultural perspective on plantation work, recreation, and lifestyles, see Ronald Takaki, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
    • For a multicultural perspective on plantation work, recreation, and lifestyles, see Ronald Takaki, Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii, 1835-1920 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1983).
    • (1983) Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii, 1835-1920
  • 17
    • 79954184906 scopus 로고
    • Despite Americanization pressures on Hawaii's plantation laborers, ethnic cohesion was an equally powerful political and cultural force. The fact that an activist Japanese journalist such as Fred Makino could rally the Japanese community to defy the attempts of the territorial legislature to shut down the Japanese language schools in the 1920s speaks more strongly of the continuance of ethnic pride and maintenance of cultural integrity than the weak efforts of others to promote Americanism. See Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
    • Despite Americanization pressures on Hawaii's plantation laborers, ethnic cohesion was an equally powerful political and cultural force. The fact that an activist Japanese journalist such as Fred Makino could rally the Japanese community to defy the attempts of the territorial legislature to shut down the Japanese language schools in the 1920s speaks more strongly of the continuance of ethnic pride and maintenance of cultural integrity than the weak efforts of others to promote Americanism. See Dennis M. Ogawa, Kodomo No Tame Ni (For the Sake of the Children): The Japanese American Experience in Hawaii (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1977), pp. 145-149.
    • (1977) Kodomo No Tame Ni (For the Sake of the Children): The Japanese American Experience in Hawaii , pp. 145-149
    • Ogawa, D.M.1
  • 18
    • 0005137059 scopus 로고
    • New York: Harcourt, Brace & World
    • Lawrence Fuchs, Hawaii Pono: A Social History (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961), p. 55.
    • (1961) Hawaii Pono: A Social History , pp. 55
  • 19
    • 84977049892 scopus 로고
    • Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing
    • W. Somerset Maugham, The Trembling of a Leaf (Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing, 1921), pp. 207-208.
    • (1921) The Trembling of a Leaf , pp. 207-208
    • Somerset Maugham, W.1
  • 20
    • 84977049909 scopus 로고
    • For the history of Puerto Ricans on the islands, see Norma Carr, “Puerto Ricans in Hawaii -1958” (Ph.D. diss., University of Hawaii, 1989)
    • For the history of Puerto Ricans on the islands, see Norma Carr, “Puerto Ricans in Hawaii: 1900-1958” (Ph.D. diss., University of Hawaii, 1989).
    • (1900)
  • 22
    • 84976985650 scopus 로고
    • See Theon Wright, Honolulu: Mutual Publishing
    • See Theon Wright, Rape in Paradise (Honolulu: Mutual Publishing, 1990).
    • (1990) Rape in Paradise
  • 23
    • 84951170419 scopus 로고
    • Anthony D. Allen: A Prosperous American of African Descent in Early 19th Century Hawaii
    • Marc Scruggs, “Anthony D. Allen: A Prosperous American of African Descent in Early 19th Century Hawaii,” Journal of Hawaiian History 26: 55-94 (1992).
    • (1992) Journal of Hawaiian History , vol.26 , pp. 55-94
  • 24
    • 0343387314 scopus 로고
    • For a discussion of Kamehameha IV's dislike of American manners and attitudes, see Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
    • For a discussion of Kamehameha IV's dislike of American manners and attitudes, see Ralph S. Kuykendall, The Hawaiian Kingdom, 1854-1874 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1953), p. 35.
    • (1953) The Hawaiian Kingdom, 1854-1874 , pp. 35
    • Kuykendall, R.S.1
  • 25
    • 84977017748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a full discussion of the policy of racial unorthodoxy, see Lind,
    • For a full discussion of the policy of racial unorthodoxy, see Lind, Hawaii.
    • Hawaii
  • 26
    • 84977031664 scopus 로고
    • Toward an Inter-ethnic Society
    • Hormann's pidgin culture is discussed in John F. McDermott, Jr., in ed. John F. McDermott, Jr., Wen-Shing Tseng, and Thomas W. Maretzki Honolulu: John A. Burns School of Medicine and University of Hawaii Press
    • Hormann's pidgin culture is discussed in John F. McDermott, Jr., “Toward an Inter-ethnic Society,” in People and Cultures of Hawaii: A Psychocultural Profile, ed. John F. McDermott, Jr., Wen-Shing Tseng, and Thomas W. Maretzki (Honolulu: John A. Burns School of Medicine and University of Hawaii Press, 1980), p. 228.
    • (1980) People and Cultures of Hawaii: A Psychocultural Profile , pp. 228
  • 27
    • 0040245309 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic Antagonism and Innovation in Hawaii
    • in ed. J. Boucher and D. Landis Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
    • John Kirkpatrick, “Ethnic Antagonism and Innovation in Hawaii,” in Ethnic Conflict: International Perspectives, ed. J. Boucher and D. Landis (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1987), pp. 298-299.
    • (1987) Ethnic Conflict: International Perspectives , pp. 298-299
  • 28
    • 84976987996 scopus 로고
    • In -90, Kapi'olani Community College in Honolulu offered several workshops under the title “The Island Way: An Introduction to Hawai'i's Multicultural Lifestyles,” taught by Glen Grant through the Office of Community Services. Enrolled in the workshops were not only newcomers to Hawaii but also long-term haole residents and military personnel attempting to unravel the local style of behavior
    • In 1988-90, Kapi'olani Community College in Honolulu offered several workshops under the title “The Island Way: An Introduction to Hawai'i's Multicultural Lifestyles,” taught by Glen Grant through the Office of Community Services. Enrolled in the workshops were not only newcomers to Hawaii but also long-term haole residents and military personnel attempting to unravel the local style of behavior.
    • (1988)
  • 29
    • 84977010264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race Relations in the Hawaiian School: The Haole Newcomer
    • See in by Ogawa
    • See Glen Grant, “Race Relations in the Hawaiian School: The Haole Newcomer,” in Kodomo No Tame Ni, by Ogawa, pp. 588-596.
    • Kodomo No Tame Ni , pp. 588-596
    • Glen, G.1
  • 30
    • 0011526902 scopus 로고
    • For a discussion of the Native Hawaiian cultural paradigm of mini-max affiliations and coping strategies, see Alan Howard, Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii
    • For a discussion of the Native Hawaiian cultural paradigm of mini-max affiliations and coping strategies, see Alan Howard, Ain't No Big Thing: Coping Strategies in a Hawaiian-American Community (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1974).
    • (1974) Ain't No Big Thing: Coping Strategies in a Hawaiian-American Community
  • 31
    • 85028897713 scopus 로고
    • ed. Jerry Hopkins Honolulu: Bess Press
    • Frank DeLima, Frank DeLima's Joke Book, ed. Jerry Hopkins (Honolulu: Bess Press, 1991), p. v.
    • (1991) Frank DeLima's Joke Book , pp. v
  • 33
    • 84977053803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lind, Hawaii's People, pp. 112-113.
    • Hawaii's People , pp. 112-113
  • 34
    • 84976997754 scopus 로고
    • Honolulu: Department of Business and Economic Development
    • State of Hawaii, Department of Business and Economic Development and Tourism, The State of Hawaii Data Book 1991: A Statistical Abstract (Honolulu: Department of Business and Economic Development, 1991), p. 82.
    • (1991) The State of Hawaii Data Book 1991: A Statistical Abstract , pp. 82
  • 35
    • 0002571192 scopus 로고
    • Integration and Pluralism
    • in ed. Phyllis A. Katz and Dolmas A. Taylor New York: Plenum Press
    • Thomas F. Pettigrew, “Integration and Pluralism,” in Eliminating Racism: Profiles in Controversy, ed. Phyllis A. Katz and Dolmas A. Taylor (New York: Plenum Press, 1988), p. 26.
    • (1988) Eliminating Racism: Profiles in Controversy , pp. 26
    • Pettigrew, T.F.1
  • 36
    • 84976992917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of Hawaii, Department of Business and Economic Development, Data Book, p. 42.
    • Data Book , pp. 42
  • 38
    • 84977053815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and Stratification in Hawaii
    • in Honolulu: University of Hawaii, Operation Manong Program, 1980
    • Jonathan Y. Okamura, “Ethnicity and Stratification in Hawaii,” in Operation Manong Resource Papers No. 1 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii, Operation Manong Program, 1980), p. 11.
    • Operation Manong Resource Papers No. 1 , pp. 11
    • Okamura, J.Y.1


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