Cleanup after a radiological attack: U.S. Prepares guidance

Nonproliferation Review

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 167-185

  Eraker, Elizabeth ^a  

^a MONTEREY INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34248223500     PISSN: 10736700     EISSN: 17461766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10736700408436984     Document Type: Review

References (94)

1. John Mintz and Susan Schmidt, "’Dirty Bomb’ Was Major New Year’s Worry," Washington Post, January 7, 2004, p. A01
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Manual of Protective Action. Guides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents, Office of Radiation Programs, #400R92001, May 1992
3. John MacKinney, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions and Recovery After Radiological and Nuclear Incidents," NBC Report (Spring/Summer 2004)
4. Matthew L. Wald, "U.S. Plans to Offer Guidance For a Dirty-Bomb Aftermath," New York Times, September 27, 2004 p.20
5. H. Josef Hebert, "Planned Cleanup for Dirty Bombs Called Lax," Associated Press, December 2, 2004
6. Matthew L. Wald, "Pending U.S. Advice on ’Dirty Bomb’ Exposure is Under Fire," New York Times, December 8, 2004.
7. Nuclear Information and Resource Service (NIRS), Press Release, December 2, 2004, "Groups Criticize Homeland Security Plans to Relax Radiation Cleanup Standards for a ’Dirty Bomb’ or Terrorist Nuclear Explosive," .
8. Charles D. Ferguson William C. Potter, Amy Sands, Leonard S. Spector, and Fred L Wehling, The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism (Monterey, CA: Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, 2004), p. 300.
9. Federation of American Scientists (FAS), "Dirty Bombs: Response to a Threat," FAS Public Interest Report 55 (March/April 2002), p.6
10. Charles D. Ferguson, Tahseen Kazi, and Judith Perera, Commercial Radioactive Sources: Surveying the Security Risks, Occasional Paper No. 11 (Monterey, CA: Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, January 2003), p. 19
11. FAS, "Dirty Bombs: Response to a Threat,"
12. Steven G. Homann Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory developed HOTSPOT, the code used by FAS
13. Deborah Elcock, Gladys A. Klemic, and A.L. Taboas, "Establishing Remediation Levels in Response to a Radiological Dispersal Event (or ’Dirty Bomb’)," Environmental Science and Technology 38 (2004), p. 2510
14. FAS "Dirty Bombs: Response to a Threat," p.7.
15. FAS, "Dirty Bombs: Response to a Threat," p.7
16. Charles D. Ferguson, et al., Commercial Radioactive Sources, p.4
17. National Safety Council (NSC), Understanding Radiation, "Determining Your Exposure," December 10, 2002, .
18. FAS, "Dirty Bombs: Response to a Threat," p.8.
19. Jamie Yassif, "How Well Did TOPOFF 2 Prepare Us for Mitigating the Effects of a Dirty Bomb Attack?" FAS Public Interest Report 56 (Summer 2003), p. 24
20. David Pierson, "’Dirty’ Bomb’s Impact Studied," Los Angeies Times, August 22, 2004.
21. Charles D. Ferguson, et al., Four Faces, p.268.
22. Health Physics Society, "Background Information on ’Guidance for Protective Actions Following a Radiological Terrorist Event, Position Statement of the Health Physics Society," January 2004, pp. 1-2.
23. Health Physics Society, "Background Information on ’Guidance for Protective Actions Following a Radiological Terrorist Event, Position Statement of the Health Physics Society," January 2004, p. 2
24. John MacKinney, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions and Recovery After Radiological and Nuclear Incidents," p. 23
25. U.S. EPA "Radiation Protection at EPA: The First 30 Years Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, EPA 402-B-00-001, pp. 45-46, .
26. U.S. EPA, Radiological Emergency Planning and Preparedness; Title 44, Part 351.22, Code of Federal Regulations (revised as of October 1, 2002), in Elcock, et al., "Establishing Remediation Levels, p. 2507.
27. U.S. EPA, Manual of Protective Action Guides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents, Office of Radiation Programs, #400R92001, May 1992, p. 3.
28. U.S. EPA, Manual of Protective Action Guides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents, Office of Radiation Programs, #400R92001, May 1992, p. 7
29. John MacKinney, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions," pp. 21, 23.
30. U.S. EPA, Manual of Protective Action Guides, p.3.
31. U.S. EPA, Manual of Protective Action Guides, p. 1-2.
32. U.S. EPA, Manual of Protective Action Guides, p.2-6.
33. U.S. EPA, Manual of Protective Action Guides, p.1-3.
34. U.S. EPA, Manual of Protective Action Guides, p. 4.
35. U.S. EPA, Manual of Protective Action Guides, p.1-3.
36. FEMA, "Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan (FRERP)," Operational Plan, Federal Register, May 8, 1996, pp .25-26
37. FEMA Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism (Washington, D C : National Academies Press, 2002), p 58.
38. Deborah Elcock, et al., "Establishing Remediation Levels."
39. Nuclear Health and Safety: Consensus on Acceptable Radiation Risk to the Public is Lacking," General Accounting Office (now the Government Accountability Office; GAO), GAO/RCED-94-190, September 1994, pp. 1, 4.
40. Nuclear Health and Safety: Consensus on Acceptable Radiation Risk to the Public is Lacking," General Accounting Office (now the Government Accountability Office; GAO), GAO/RCED-94-190, September 1994, pp. 10.
41. Kenneth L. Mossman, Marvin Goldman, Frank Masse, William A. Mills, Keith J. Schiager, and Richard L Vetter, "Radiation Risk in Perspective," Health Physics Society Position Statement, March 1996 (revised August 2004), p. 1.
42. Deborah Elcock, et al., Establishing Remediation Levels. p. 2508.
43. Deborah Elcock, et al., Establishing Remediation Levels. p. 2510.
44. Jamie Yassif, "How Well Did TOPOFF 2," p.24.
45. Charles D. Ferguson, et al., Four Faces, p.295.
46. Charles D. Ferguson, et al., Four Faces, p.307.
47. National Public Radio, "Analysis: Homeland Security to Release Guidelines Related to Responding to Dirty Bombs," transcript from June 27, 2004
48. Jamie Yassif, "How Well Did TOPOFF 2," p 25.
49. Harvey Simon, "Ridge Wants to Develop Single Radiological Contamination Standard," Aviation Week’s Homeland Security and Defense, July 2, 2003, p. 4
50. Matthew L. Wald, "U.S. Plans to Offer Guidance For a Dirty-Bomb Aftermath."
51. Harvey Simon, "Ridge Wants to Develop."
52. John MacKinney, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions," p.21.
53. DHS Office of the Press Secretary, "Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Release Summary Conclusions From National Exercise," December 19, 2003.
54. DHS Protective Action Guides, Interim Final, p.2.
55. John MacKinney, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions," p.24.
56. Peter A. Buxbaum, "DHS Nears Release of Guidelines for Cleanup After ’Dirty Bomb,’" Aviation Week’s Homeland Security and Defense, May 5, 2004, p. 7
57. Jenny Weil, "Groups Object to DHS Standards Proposed for Dirty Bomb Cleanup," Nucleonics Week 45, December 9, 2004, p. 6-7
58. Peter A Buxbaum, "DHS Nears Release of Guidelines."
59. John MacKinney, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions,"
60. U.S. EPA Protective Action Guides, Interim Final pp. 3 8
61. John MacKinney, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions," p.24.
62. U.S. EPA, "Manual of Protective Action Guides," p.2-5.
63. John MacKinney, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions," p.24.
64. U.S. EPA "Protective Action Guides, Interim Final," p.2.
65. John MacKinney, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions," p.24.
66. Health Physics Society, "Background Information on ’Guidance for Protective Actions Following a Radiological Terrorist Event,’" Health Physics Society Position Statement, January 2004, p. 3.
67. U.S. EPA "Protective Action Guides, Interim Final," p.9.
68. John MacKinney, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions," p.25
69. Joe Fiorill, "U.S. to Issue Guidance on Nuclear Response," Global. Security Newswire, September 23, 2004.
70. U.S. EPA, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions," p. 25.
71. U.S. EPA, "Guidance for Federal Protective Actions," p.25.
72. U.S. EPA “Protective Action Guides, Interim Final," p.10
73. U.S. EPA "Protective Action Guides, Interim Final," p. 26
74. Peter D. Zimmerman and Cheryl Loeb, "Dirty Bombs: The Threat Revisited," Defense Horizons 38 (January 2004), p. 9
75. Deborah Elcock, et al., "Establishing Remediation Levels," p. 2511.
76. H. Josef Hebert, "Planned Cleanup for Dirty Bombs Called Lax."
77. David Willman and Michelle Munn, "Dirty Bombs’ Greatest Impact Likely Would Be Psychological," Los Angeks Times, June 11, 2002, p. A16.
78. National Council o n Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP), "Management of Terrorist Events Involving Radioactive Material," Report No.136, October 24, 2001, pp. 55-56.
79. R. D. Lasker, Redefining Readiness: Terrorism Planning Through the Eyes of the Public (New York: The New York Academy of Medicine, 2004), p. 39
80. Peter D. Zimmerman and Cheryl Loeb, "Dirty Bombs: The Threat Revisited," p 4.
81. D.L. Collins and A.B. de Cravalho, "Chronic stress from the Goiania 137Cs radiation accident," Journal of Behavioral Medicine 18 (1993), pp. 149-157
82. NCRP, "Management of Terrorist Events Involving Radioactive Material," p 58.
83. Charles Ferguson, et al., Four Faces, p 270
84. Charles Ferguson, et al., Four Faces, p 308.
85. Mark M. Hart, "Disabling Radiological Dispersal Terror," paper presented at The American Nuclear Society Winter Meeting, Technical Sessions National Meeting and Embedded Topical Meeting: Emergency Preparedness and Response, Washington, DC, November 8, 2002, p. 12.
86. Matthew L. Wald, "Pending U.S. Advice."
87. Nuclear Information and Resource Service, Press Release, December 2, 2004
88. Jenny Weil, "Groups Object to DHS Standards."
89. Kaleb Redden, "Facing the Inevitable: Arm Public with Facts on Dirty Bomb Defense," Defense Weekly, February 9, 2004, p.53.
90. Harry C. Vantine and Thomas R. Crites, "Relevance of Nuclear Weapons Clean-up Experience to Dirty Bomb Response," Lawrence livermore National Laboratory
91. Matthew L. Wald, "Pending U.S. Advice."
92. EPA Office of the Inspector General, "Evaluation Report: EPA’s Response to the World Trade Center Collapse: Challenges, Successes, and Areas for Improvement," Report No. 2003-P-00012, August 21, 2003, p. 7.
93. EPA Office of the Inspector General, "Evaluation Report: EPA’s Response to the World Trade Center Collapse: Challenges, Successes, and Areas for Improvement," Report No. 2003-P-00012, August 21, 2003, p. 7-13.
94. EPA Office of the Inspector General, "Evaluation Report: EPA’s Response to the World Trade Center Collapse: Challenges, Successes, and Areas for Improvement," Report No. 2003-P-00012, August 21, 2003, p. 12.