Aperture averaging effects on the probability density of irradiance fluctuations in moderate-to-strong turbulence

Applied Optics

Volumn 46, Issue 11, 2007, Pages 2099-2108

  Vetelino, Frida Strömqvist ^a   Young, Cynthia ^a   Andrews, Larry ^a   Recolons, Jaume ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; GAMMA RAYS; IRRADIATION; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION; SCINTILLATION;

IRRADIANCE; IRRADIANCE FLUCTUATIONS; THEORETICAL PROBABILITY;

ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE;

EID: 34248220487     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 15394522     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.46.002099     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. J. W. Strohbehn, T.-I. Wang, and J. P. Speck, "On the probability density distribution of line-of-sight fluctuations of optical signals," Radio Sci. 10, 59-70 (1975).
2. J. W. Strohbehn, "Modern theories in the propagation of optical waves in a turbulent medium," in Laser Beam Propagation in the Atmosphere, J. W. Strohbehn, ed. (Springer-Verlag, 1978), pp. 97-104.
3. L. C. Andrews and R. L. Phillips, "I-K-distribution as a universal propagation model of laser beams in atmospheric turbulence," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2, 160-163 (1985).
4. D. J. Lewinski, "Nonstationary probabilistic target and clutter scattering models," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. AP-31, 490-498 (1983).
5. E. Jakeman and P. N. Pusey, "The significance of K-distributions in scattering experiments," Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 546-550 (1978).
6. G. Parry and P. N. Pusey, "K distributions in atmospheric propagation of laser light," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 796-798 (1979).
7. E. Jakeman, "On the statistics of K-distributed noise," J. Phys. A 13, 31-48 (1980).
8. M. C. Teich and P. Diament, "Multiply stochastic representations for K distributions and their Poisson transforms," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 6, 80-91 (1989).
9. J. H. Churnside and R. J. Hill, "Probability density of irradiance scintillations for strong path-integrated refractive turbulence," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 727-733 (1987).
10. L. C. Andrews and R. L. Phillips, "Mathematical genesis of the I-K-distribution for random optical fields," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 3, 1912-1919 (1986).
11. J. H. Churnside and S. F. Clifford, "Log-normal Rician probability-density function of optical scintillations in the turbulent atmosphere," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 1923-1930 (1987).
12. R. J. Hill and R. G. Frehlich, "Probability distribution of irradiance for the onset of strong scintillation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 1530-1540 (1997).
13. M. A. Al-Habash, L. C. Andrews, and R. L. Phillips, "Mathematical model for the irradiance PDF of a laser beam propagating through turbulent media," Opt. Eng. 40, 1554-1562 (2001).
14. J. H. Churnside and R. G. Frehlich, "Experimental evaluation of log-normally modulated Rician and IK models of optical scintillation in the atmosphere," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 6, 1760-1766 (1989).
15. Z. Azar, H. M. Loebenstein, G. Appelbaum, E. Azoulay, U. Halavee, M. Tamir, and M. Tur, "Aperture averaging of the two-wavelength intensity covariance function in atmospheric turbulence," Appl. Opt. 24, 2401-2407 (1985).
16. A. D. Wheelon, "Skewed distribution of irradiance predicted by second-order Rytov approximation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 2789-2798 (2001).
17. L. C. Andrews, R. L. Phillips, and C. Y. Hopen, Laser Beam Scintillation with Applications (SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 2001).
18. S. M. Flatté, C. Bracher, and G.-Yu Wang, "Probability- density functions of irradiance for waves in atmospheric turbulence calculated by numerical simulations," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 2080-2092 (1994).
19. G. J. Baker, "Gaussian beam weak scintillation: low-order turbulence effects and applicability of the Rytov method," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23, 395-417 (2006).
20. F. Dios, J. A. Rubio, A. Rodríguez, and A. Comerón, "Scintillation and beam-wander analysis in an optical ground station-satellite uplink," Appl. Opt. 43, 3866-3873 (2004).
21. J. H. Churnside, "Aperture averaging of optical scintillation in the turbulent atmosphere," Appl. Opt. 30, 1982-1994 (1991).
22. L. C. Andrews, R. L. Phillips, and C. Y. Hopen, "Aperture averaging of optical scintillations: power fluctuations and temporal spectrum," Waves Random Media 10, 53-70 (2000).
23. V. I. Tatarskii, The Effects of Turbulent Atmosphere on Wave Propagation (National Technical Information Office, 1971), p. 292.
24. L. C. Andrews, R. L. Phillips, C. Y. Hopen, and M. A. Al-Habash, "Theory of optical scintillation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 1417-1429 (1999).
25. L. C. Andrews, M. A. Al-Habash, C. Y. Hopen, and R. L, Phillips, "Theory of optical scintillation: Gaussian-beam wave model," Waves Random Media 11, 271-291 (2001).
26. F. Strömqvist Vetelino, B. Clare, K. Corbett, C. Young, K. Grant, and L. Andrews, "Characterizing the propagation path in moderate to strong optical turbulence," Appl. Opt. 45, 3534-3543 (2006).
27. "Downhill simplex method in multidimensions," Chap. 10.4 in Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing (1988-1992), http:/www.library.cornell.edu/nr/bookcpdf/c10-4.pdf.
28. R. G. Lane, A. Glindemann, and J. C. Dainty, "Simulation of a Kolmogorov phase screen," Waves Random Media 2, 209-224 (1992).
29. J. Recolons and F. Dios, "Accurate calculation of phase screens for the modeling of laser beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence," in Proc. SPIE 5891, 51-62 (2005).