Evolutionary theories and design practices

Design Issues

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 46-54

  Whyte, Jennifer ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DESIGN;

EID: 34248209566     PISSN: 07479360     EISSN: 15314790     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/desi.2007.23.2.46     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. John Z. Langrish, "Darwinian Design: The Mematic Evolution of Design Ideas," Design Issues 20:4 (2004): 4-19.
2. See, for example, John Ziman, "Evolutionary Models for Technological Change" in Technological Innovation as an Evolutionary Process, John Ziman, ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 3-4.
3. The evolution of hammers, steam engines, and automobiles is described in George Basalla, The Evolution of Technology, Cambridge Studies in the History of Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989);
4. paperclips, forks, pins, and zippers in Henry Petroski, The Evolution of Useful Things: How Everyday Artifacts - from Forks and Pins to Paper Clips and Zippers - Came to Be as They Are (New York: Vintage Books, 1992);
5. bicycles, Bakelite, and bulbs in Wiebe E. Bijker, Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995);
6. automotives in Paul Gardiner, "Robust and Lean Designs" in Design, Innovation, and Long Cycles, Christopher Freeman, ed. (1984);
7. and bridges and airplanes in Walter G. Vincenti, What Engineers Know and How They Know It (Baltimore, MD: The John Hopkins University Press, 1990).
8. Philip Steadman, The Evolution of Designs: Biological Analogy in Architecture and the Applied Arts (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1979);
9. and Christopher Alexander, Notes on the Synthesis of Forms (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964).
10. Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species (London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859).
11. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Zoological Philosophy: An Exposition with Regard to the Natural History of Animals (Paris: 1809).
12. Donald Campbell, "Variation and Selection Retention in Socio-Cultural Evolution," General Systems 16 (1969).
13. Lamarck, Zoological Philosophy: An Exposition with Regard to the Natural History of Animals and Herbert Spencer, The Factors of Organic Evolution (London: Williams & Norgate, 1887).
14. Kevin N. Laland and Gillian R. Brown, Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).
15. Cameron Tonkinwise, "Design + Evolution = Eugenics: Mimetological Analogies, or Why Is Design So Enamoured with Evolution?" (paper presented at the European Academy of Design 06, Bremen, 2005).
16. Belief in a linear and progressive mechanism infiltrated twentieth-century thinking about society in a number of ways; from the erroneous idea that individual humans climb up the "evolutionary ladder" during development, which influenced Freud's view of infants as sexual creatures; to Marx's notions of human society progressing through various levels, punctuated occasionally by revolutions that take a society to a higher level. See Laland and Brown, Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour, 41-49.
17. Evolutionary trees do not provide evidence for evolution, but codify and present the data and analysis. Modern phylogentetic trees show scientists' understanding of genealogical descent. The tree in Figure 1 is based on the tree in Gary J. Olsen and Carl R. Woese, "Ribosornal Rna: A Key to Phylogeny," FASEB Journal 7 (1993).
18. Campbell, "Variation and Selection Retention in Socio-Cultural Evolution" in John Ziman, Technological Innovation as an Evolutionary Process (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
19. Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1942).
20. Richard R. Nelson and Sidney Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economie Change (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982).
21. Ibid., 11.
22. Ibid., 400-1.
23. Christopher Freeman, The Economics of Industrial Innovation, 2nd ed. (London: Frances Pinter, Ltd., 1982).
24. Carlota Perez, "Structural Change and Assimilation of New Technologies in the Economic and Social Systems," Futures 15:4(1983).
25. Giovanni Dosi, "Technological Paradigms and Technological Trajectories - A Suggested Interpretation of the Determinants and Directions of Technical Change," Research Policy 11:3 (1982).
26. Nathan Rosenberg, Inside the Black Box (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
27. Arie Rip, "Technological Innovation - in Context" (paper presented as the keynote at the International Network on Innovation Research Workshop, January 14,2003).
28. Wiebe E. Bijker, Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995).
29. Ibid., 51-52.
30. Darwin, On the Origin of Species, Lamarck, Zoological Philosophy: An Exposition with Regard to the Natural History of Animals, and Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976).
31. Douglas J. Futuyma, Evolutionary Biology (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 1986).
32. Kevin N. Laland and Gillian R. Brown, Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002). The table and the following paragraph are largely based on this work.
33. Ibid., 88.
34. Ibid., 77.
35. Kevin N. Laland, John Odling-Smee, and Marcus W. Feldman, "Niche Construction, Biological Evolution, and Cultural Change," Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23:1 (2000).
36. For memes in the technology literature, see Joel Mokyr, "Evolutionary Phenomena in Technological Change" in Technological Innovation as an Evolutionary Process, John Ziman, ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). In the design literature,
37. see Artemis Yagou, "Rewiring Design History from an Evolutionary Perspective: Background and Implications" (paper presented at the European Academy of Design, Bremen, 2005);
38. and John Z. Langrish, "Evolutionary Design Ten Years On: Memes and Natural Selection" (paper presented at the European Academy of Design 06, Bremen, 2005).
39. Henk van den Belt and Arie Rip, "The Nelson-Winter-Dosi Model and Synthetic Dye Chemistry" in The Social Construction of Technological Systems, Wiebe E. Bijker, Thomas P. Hughes, and Trevor Pinch, eds. (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1987), 140-41.
40. Nachoem M. Wijnberg and Gerda Gemser, "Adding Value to Innovation: Impressionism and the Transformation of the Selection System in Visual Arts," Organization Science 11:3 (2000).
41. Arie Rip, "Technological Innovation - in Context" (paper presented as the keynote at the International Network on Innovation Research Workshop, January 14, 2003).
42. For examples of research using protocol analysis, see Nigel Cross, Henri Christiaans, and Kees Dorst, eds., Analysing Design Activity (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 1996). For interviews,
43. see Michael Brawne, Architectural Thought: The Design Process and the Expectant Eye (Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 2003);
44. Bryan R. Lawson, How Designers Think, 3rd ed. (Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 1997); and, for ethnographic studies,
45. see Diane Bailey and Julie Gainsburg, "Knowledge at Work" (paper presented at the Academy of Management, New Orleans, 2004);
46. Louis L. Bucciarelli, Designing Engineers, Inside Technology, Wiebe E. Bijker, W. Bernard Carlson, and Trevor Pinch, eds. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994);
47. Kathryn Henderson, On Line and on Paper: Visual Representations, Visual Culture, and Computer Graphics in Design Engineering; and Inside Technology, Wiebe E. Bijker, W. Bernard Carlson, and Trevor Pinch, eds. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999).
48. Edward Constant, II, "Recursive Practice and the Evolution of Technological Knowledge" in Technological Innovation as an Evolutionary Process, John Ziman, ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 219.
49. Wiebe E. Bijker, Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995).
50. Campbell, "Variation and Selection Retention in Socio-Cultural Evolution" in John Ziman, Technological Innovation as an Evolutionary Process (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
51. Donald A. Schön and Glenn Wiggins, "Kinds of Seeing and Their Functions in Designing," Design Studies 13:2 (1982).
52. Manolya Kavakli and John Gero, "Difference between Expert and Novice Designers: An Experimental Study" in Human Behaviour in Design: Individuals, Teams, Tools, Udo Lindemann, ed. (Belin: Springer, 2003).
53. Jun H. Jo and John Gero, "Representation and Use of Design Knowledge in Evolutionary Design" (paper presented at the CAAD Futures), The Global Design Studio: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures (National University of Singapore, Singapore, September 24-26, 1995).
54. Henrik Gedenryd, How Designers Work (Lund, Sweden: Lund University Cognitive Studies, 1998).
55. Vincenti, What Engineers Know and How They Know It, and Petroski, The Evolution of Useful Things: How Everyday Artifacts - from Forks and Pins to Paper Clips and Zippers - Came to Be as They Are.
56. Paul Gardiner and Roy Rothwell, "Tough Customers: Good Designs," Design Studies 6:1 (1985),
57. and Gardiner, "Robust and Lean Designs."
58. Laland and Brown, Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour.
59. Ziman, Technological Innovation as an Evolutionary Process.