Carbon-isotope stratigraphy of Cenomanian-Turonian platform carbonates from the southern Apennines (Italy): A chemostratigraphic approach to the problem of correlation between shallow-water and deep-water successions

Journal of the Geological Society

Volumn 164, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 609-620

  Parente, Mariano ^a   Frijia, Gianluca ^a   Di Lucia, Matteo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMMONITE; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CARBON ISOTOPE; CARBONATE PLATFORM; CENOMANIAN-TURONIAN BOUNDARY; CHEMOSTRATIGRAPHY; DEEP WATER; DIAGENESIS; SHALLOW WATER; STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION; TRANSGRESSION;

APENNINES; EURASIA; EUROPE; ITALY; SOUTHERN EUROPE;

AMMONOIDEA;

EID: 34248188764     PISSN: 00167649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/0016-76492006-010     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. ADAMS, R.D. & GROTZINGER, J.P. 1996. Lateral continuity of facies and parasequences in Middle Cambrian platform carbonates, Carrara Formation, Southeastern California, U.S.AÒ Journal of Sedimentary Research, 66, 1079-1090.
2. ALLAN, J.R. & MATTHEWS, R.K. 1977. Carbon and oxygen isotopes as diagenetic and stratigraphic tools: surface and subsurface data, Barbados, West Indies. Geology, 5, 16-20.
3. ALLAN, J.R. & MATTHEWS, R.K. 1982. Isotope signature associated with early meteoric diagenesis. Sedimentology, 29, 797-897.
4. ARTHUR, M.A., SCHLANGER, S.O. & JENKYNS, H.C. 1987. The Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic event, II. Palaeoceanographic controls on organic-matter production and preservation. In: BROOK, J. & FEET, A.J. (eds) Marine Petroleum Source Rocks. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26, 401-420.
5. ARTHUR, M.A., BRUMSACK, H.-J., JENKYNS, H.C. & SCHLANGER, S.O. 1990. Stratigraphy, geochemistry, and paleoceanography of organic carbon-rich Cretaceous sequences. In: GINSBURG, N. & BAUDOIN, B. (eds) Cretaceous Resources, Events and Rhythms. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 75-119.
6. BERGER, W.H. & VINCENT, E. 1986. Deep-sea carbonates: reading the carbon-isotope signal. Geologische Rundschau, 75, 249-269.
7. BONARDI, G., D'ARGENIO, B. & PERRONE, V. 1988. Carta Geologica dell'Appennino meridionale. SELCA, Firenze.
8. BOWMAN, A.R. & BRALOWER, T.J. 2005. Paleoceanographic significance of high-resolution carbon isotope records across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Western Interior and New Jersey coastal plain, USA. Marine Geology, 217, 305-321.
9. BRAND, U. & VEIZER, J. 1981. Chemical diagenesis of a multicomponent carbonate system - 2: Stable isotopes. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 51, 987-997.
10. BRAVI, S., CIVILE, D., MARTINO, C., BARONE LUMAGA, M.R. & NARDI, G. 2004. Osservaziani geologiche e paleontologiche su di un orizzonte a piante fossili nel Cenomaniano di Monte Chianello (Appennino Meridionale). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 123, 19-38.
11. BUONOCUNTO, F.P., SPROVIERI, M., BELLANCA, A., D'ARGENIO, B., FERRERI, V., NERI, R. & FERUZZA, G. 2002. Cyclostratigraphy and high-frequency carbon isotope fluctuations in Upper Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates, southern Italy. Sedimentology, 49, 1321-1337.
12. BUTLER, R.W.H., MAZZOLI, S. & CORRADO, S. ET AL. 2004. Applying thick-skinned tectonic models to the Apennine thrust belt of Italy; limitations and implications. In: MCCLAY, K.R. ET AL. (ed.) Thrust Tectonics and Hydro-carbon Systems. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoirs, 82, 647-667.
13. CARANNANTE, G., CHERCHI, A. & SIMONE, L. 1995. Chlorozoan versus foramol lithofacies in Late Cretaceous rudist limestones. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 119, 137-154.
14. CARANNANTE, G., GRAZIANO, R., RUBERTI, D. & SIMONE, L. 1997. Upper Cretaceous temperate-type open shelves from northern (Sardinia) and southern (Apennines-Apulia) Mesozoic Tethyan margins. In: JAMES, N.P. & CLARKE, J.A.D. (eds) Cool-water Carbonates. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publications, 56, 309-325.
15. CASERO, P., ROURE, F., EDIGNOUX, L., MORETTI, I., MULLER, C., SAGE, L. & VIALLY, R. 1988. Neogene geodynamic evolution of the Southern Apennines. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, 41, 109-120.
16. CHIOCCHINI, M., FARINACCI, A., MANCINELLI, A., MOLINARI, V. & POTETTI, M. 1994. Biostratigrafia a foraminiferi, dasicladali e calpionelle delle successioni carbunatiche mesozoiche dell'Appennino centrale (Italia). In: MANCINELLI, A. (ed.) Biostratigrafia dell'Italia centrale. Studi Geologici Camerti, Volume Speciale, 1994, 9-129.
17. COTECCHIA, V., D'ECCLESIIS, G., POLEMIO, M. & REINA, A. 1996. Contributo alla conoscenza della geologia e della stratigrafia del monte Coccovello (Monti di Maratea, Basilicata occidentale). Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, 51, 305-313.
18. D'ARGENIO, B. 1970. Evoluzione geotettonica comparata tra alcune piattaforme carbonatiche dei Mediterranei Europeo ed Americano. Atti Accademia Pontaniana, n.s., 20, 1-34.
19. D'ARGENIO, B. 1974. Le piattaforme carbonatiche periadriatiche; una rassegna di problemi nel quadro geodinamico mesozoico dell'Appennino meridionale. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, 13, 1-28.
20. D'ARGENIO, B. & SGROSSO, I. 1974. Le piattaforme carbonatiche sudappenniniche. In: Istituto di Geologia e Geofisica dell'Università di Napoli, Pubblicazione, n.s., 51.
21. D'ARGENIO, B., PESCATORE, T. & SCANDONE, P. 1973. Schema geologico dell'Appennino meridionale (Campania e Lucania). Quaderni Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 183, 383-396.
22. DAVEY, S.D. & JENKYNS, H.C. 1999. Carbon-isotope stratigraphy of shallow-water limestones and implications for the timing of Late Cretaceous sea-level rise and anoxic events (Cenomanian-Turonian of the peri-Adriatic carbonate platform, Croatia). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 92, 163-170.
23. DE CASTRO, P. 1965. Su alcune Soritidae (Foraminiferida) del Cretacico della Campania. Bollettino Società dei Naturalisti in Napoli, 74, 317-372.
24. DE CASTRO, P. 1966. Contributo alla conoscenza delle Alveoline albiano-cenomaniane della Campania. Bollettino Società dei Naturalisti in Napoli, 75, 219-275.
25. DE CASTRO, P. 1983. Cisalveolina fraasi (Gümbel) Reichel, Foraminiferida: diffusione geografica e problemi stratigrafici. Bollettino Società dei Naturalisti in Napoli, 90, 99-130.
26. DE CASTRO, P. 1991. Mesozoic. In: BARATTOLO, F., DE CASTRO, P. & PARENTE, M. (eds) 5th International Symposium on Fossil Algae. Field Trip Guide-Book. Giaunini, Napoli, 21-38.
27. DERCOURT, J., RICOU, L.E. & VRIELYNCK, B. (EDS) 1993. Atlas Tethys Palaeoenvironmental Maps. Gauthier-Villars, Paris.
28. DICKENS, G.R. 2000. Methane oxidation during the late Paleocene thermal maximum. Bulletin de la Societé Geologique de France, 171, 37-49.
29. DICKSON, J.A.D. 1985. Diagenesis of shallow-marine carbonates. In: BRENCHLEY, P. & WILLIAMS, B.P.J. (eds) Sedimentology, Recent Developments and Applied Aspects. Blackwell, Oxford, 173-188.
30. DICKSON, J.A.D. & COLEMAN, M.L. 1980. Changes in carbon and oxygen isotope composition during limestone dlagenesis. Sedimentology, 27, 107-118.
31. DRZEWZIECKI, P.A. & SIMO, J.A. 1997. Carbonate platform drowning and oceanic anoxic events on a mid-Cretaceous carbonate platform, south-central Pyrenees, Spain. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 67, 698-714.
32. ESTEBAN, M.C. & KLAPPA, C.F. 1983. Subaerial exposure environment. In: SCHOLLE, P.A., BEBOUT, D.G. & MOORE, C.H. (eds) Carbonate Depositional Environments. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoirs, 33, 1-54.
33. FERRERI, V., WEISSERT, H., D'ARGENIO, B. & BUONOCUNTO, F.P. 1997. Carbon-isotope stratigraphy: a tool for basin to carbonate platform correlation. Terra Nova, 9, 57-61.
34. GALE, A.S., JENKYNS, H.C., KENNEDY, W.J. & CORFIELD, R.M. 1993. Chemostratigraphy versus biostratigraphy: data from around the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 150, 29-32.
35. GALE, A.S., JENKYNS, H.C., KENNEDY, J.W., VOIGT, S. & WALASZCZYK, I. 2005. Stratigraphy of the Upper Cenomanian - Lower Turonian Chalk succession at Eastbourne, Sussex, UK: ammonites, inoceramid bivalves and stable carbon isotopes. Cretaceous Research, 26, 460-487.
36. GOLDSTEIN, R.H. 1991. Stable isotope signatures associated with paleosols, Pennsylvanian Holder Formation, New Mexico. Sedimentology, 38, 67-77.
37. GROSHENY, D. & TRONCHETTI, G. 1993. La crise Cénomanien-Turonien: réponse comparée des assemblages de foraminifères benthiques de plate-forme carbonatèe et de bassin dans le Sud-Est de la France. Cretaceous Research, 14, 397-408.
38. GRÖTSCH, J., BILLING, I. & VAHRENKAMP, V. 1998. Carbon-isotope stratigraphy in shallow-water carbonates: implications for Cretaceous black-shale deposition. Sedimentology, 45, 623-634.
39. HARDENBOL, J., THIERRY, J., FARLEY, M.B., JACQUIN, T., DE GRACIANSKY, P.-C. & VAIL, P.T. 1998. Cretaceous biochronostratigraphy. In: DE GRACIANSKY, P.-C., HARDENBOL, J., JACQUIN, T. & VAIL, P.T. (eds) Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publications, 60, Chart 5.
40. HASEGAWA, T. 1997. Cenomanian-Turonian carbon isotope events recorded in terrestrial organic matter from northern Japan. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 130, 251-273.
41. 2. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 189, 97-115.
42. HESSELBO, S.P., GRÖCKE, D.R., JENKYNS, H.C., BJERRUM, C.J., FARRIMOND, P., MORGANS BELL, H.S. & GREEN, O.R. 2000. Massive dissociation of gas hydrate during a Jurassic anoxic event. Nature, 406, 392-395.
43. HOLMDEN, C., CREASER, R.A., MUEHLENBACHS, K., LESLIE, S.A. & BERGSTRÖM, S.M. 1998. Isotopic evidence for geochemical decoupling between ancient epeiric seas and bordering oceans: implications for secular curves. Geology, 26, 567-570.
44. HUDSON, J.D. 1977. Stable isotopes and limestone lithification. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London, 133, 637-660.
45. IMMENHAUSER, A., SCHLAGER, W. & BURNS, S.J. ET AL. 1999. Late Aptian to Late Albian sea-level fluctuations constrained by geochemical and biological evidence (Nahr Umr Formation, Oman). Journal of Sedimentary Research, B69, 434-446.
46. IMMENHAUSER, A., KENTER, J.A.M., GANSSEN, G., BAHAMONDE, J.R., VAN VLIER, A. & SABER, M.H. 2002. Origin and significance of isotope shifts in Pennsylvanian carbonates (Asturias, NW Spain). Journal of Sedimentary Research, 72, 82-94.
47. 18O. Sedimentology, 50, 953-959.
48. IRWIN, H., CURTIS, C. & COLEMAN, M. 1977. Isotopic evidence for source of diagenetic carbonates formed during burial of organic-rich sediments. Nature, 269, 209-213.
49. JAMES, N.P. & CHOQUETTE, P.W. 1990. Limestones - the meteoric diagenetic environment. In: MACILLREATH, I.A. & MORROW, D.W. (eds) Diagenesis. Geoscience Canada, Reprint Series, 4, 35-73.
50. JARVIS, I., MABROUK, A., MOODY, R.T.J. & DE CABRERA, S. 2002. Late Cretaceous (Campanian) carbon isotope events, sea-level change and correlation of the Tethyan and Boreal realms. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 188, 215-248.
51. 13C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian - Campanian (99.6-70.6 Ma). Geological Magazine, 143, 561-608.
52. JENKYNS, H.C. 1980. Cretaceous anoxic events: from continents to oceans. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 137, 171-188.
53. JENKYNS, H.C. 1988. The early Toarcian (Jurassic) anoxic event: stratigraphic, sedimentary and geochemical evidence. American Journal of Science, 288, 101-151.
54. JENKYNS, H.C. 1991. Impact of Cretaceous sea-level rise and anoxic events on the Mesozoic carbonate paltform of Yugoslavia. AAPG Bulletin, 75, 1007-1017.
55. JENKYNS, H.C. 1995. Carbon-isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic significance of the Lower Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates of Resolution Guyot, mid-Pacific Mountains. In: WINTERER, E.L., SAGER, W.W., FIRTH, J.V. & SINTON, J.M. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 143. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 99-104.
56. JENKYNS, H.C. 1999. Mesozoic anoxic events and palaeoclimate. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, 1997, 943-949.
57. JENKYNS, H.C. & WILSON, P.A. 1999. Stratigraphy, paleoceanography, and evolution of Cretaceous Pacific guyots: relics from a greenhouse earth. America Journal of Science, 299, 341-392.
58. JENKYNS, H.C., GALE, A.S. & CORFIELD, R.M. 1994. Carbon- and oxygan-isotope stratigraphy of the English Chalk and Italian Scaglia and its paleoclimatic significance. Geological Magazine, 131, 1-31.
59. JOACHIMSKI, M. 1994. Subaerial exposure and deposition of shallowing upward sequences: evidence from stable isotopes of Purbeckian peritidal carbonates (basal Cretaceous), Swiss and French Jura Mountains. Sedimentology, 41, 805-824.
60. KENNEDY, W.G., WALASZCZYK, I. & COBBAN, W.A. 2000. Pueblo, Colorado, USA, candidate Global Boundary Stratotype Section and point for the base of the Turonian stage of the Cretaceous, and for the base of the middle Turonian substage, with a revision of the Inoceramidae (Bivalvia). Acta Geologica Polonica, 50, 295-334.
61. KUHNT, W., LUDERER, F., NEDERBRAGT, S., THUROW, J. & WAGNER, T. 2005. Orbital-scale record of the late Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic event (OAF-2) in the Tarfaya Basin (Morocco). International Journal of Earth Sciences, 94, 147-159.
62. LAURSCHER, H. & BERNOULLI, D. 1977. Mediterranean and Tethys. In: NAIRN, A.E.M., STHELI, F.G. & KANES, W.H. (eds) The Oceans Basins and Margins, Vol. 4b: the Western Mediterranean. Plenum, New York, 1-28.
63. LEHMANN, C., OSLEGER, D.A., MONTANEZ, I.P., SLITER, W.V., ARNAUD-VANNEAU, A. & BANNER, J.L. 1999. Evolution of Cupido and Coahuila carbonate platforms, Early Cretaceous, northeastern Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 111, 1010-1029.
64. LEHMANN, C., OSLEGER, D.A. & MONTANEZ, I.P. 2000. Sequence stratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous (Barremian-Albian) carbonate platforms of northeastern Mexico; regional and global correlations. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 70, 373-391.
65. LLOYD, R.M. 1964. Variations in the oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of Florida Bay mollusks and their environmental significance. Journal of Geology, 72, 84-111.
66. LOHMANN, K.C. 1988. Geochemical patterns of meteoric diagenetic systems and their application to studies of paleokarst. In: JAMES, N.P. & CHOQUETTE, P.W. (eds) Paleokarst. Springer, Berlin, 58-80.
67. MARSHALL, J.D. 1992. Climatic and oceanographic isotopic signals from the carbonate rock record and their preservation. Geological Magazine, 129, 143-160.
68. 13C) de l'Aptien inférieur de Provence (SE France): application aux corrélations plate-forme/bassin. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 92, 259-263.
69. MENARDI NOGUERA, A. & REA, G. 2000. Deep structure of the Campanian-Lucanian Arc (Southern Apennine, Italy). Tectonophysics, 324, 239-265.
70. 13C stratigraphy through the Early Aptian 'Livello Selli' of the Alpine Tethys. Paleoceanography, 13, 530-545.
71. MINDSZENTY, A., D'ARGENIO, B. & AIELLO, G. 1995. Lithospheric bulges recorded by regional unconformities. The case of Mesozoic-Tertiary Apulia. Tectonophysics, 252, 137-161.
72. MOSTARDINI, F. & MERLINI, S. 1986. Appennino Centro-Meridionale: sezioni geologiche e proposta di modello struttarale. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, 35, 177-202.
73. PARENTE, M. & IANNACE, A. 2003. Firmgrounds, hardgrounds and incipient drowning in the Upper Cretaceous of the Apenninic Platform (Southern Italy). In: 12th Bathurst Meeting, International Conference of Carbonate Sedimentologists, Durham (UK), Abstracts Volume. 76.
74. PATACCA, E., SCANDONE, P., BELLATALLA, M., PERILLI, N. & SANTINI, U. 1992. The Numidian-Sand event in the Southern Apennines. Memorie di Scienze Geologiche, Padova, 43, 297-337.
75. 2 on modern carbonate platforms: significance for the carbon isotopic record of carbonates. Geology, 22, 885-888.
76. PAUL, C.R.C., LAMOLDA, M.A., MITCHELL, S.F., VAZIRI, M.R., GOROSTIDI, A. & MARSHALL, J.D. 1999. The Cenomanian/Turonian boundary at Eastbourne (Sussex, UK): a proposed European reference section. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 150, 83-121.
77. SCHLANGER, S.O. & JENKYNS, H.C. 1976. Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: causes and consequences. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 55, 179-184.
78. 13C excursion. In: BROOKS, J. & FLEET, A.J. (eds) Marine Petroleum Source Rocks. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 26, 371-399.
79. SCHLAGER, W. & PHILIP, J. 1990. Cretaceous carbonate platforms. In: GINSBURG, N. & BEAUDOIN, B. (eds) Cretaceous Resources, Events and Rhythms. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 173-195.
80. SCHOLLE, P.A. & ARTHUR, M.A. 1980. Carbon-isotope fluctuations in Cretaceous pelagic limestones: potential stratigraphic and petroleum exploration tool. AAPG Bulletin, 64, 67-87.
81. SCHROEDER, R. & NEUMANN, M. (EDS) 1985. Les grands foraminifères du Crétacé moyen de la région méditerranénne. Geobios, Mémoire Special, 7.
82. SELLI, R. 1957. Sulla trasgressione del Miocene nell'Italia meridionale. Giornale di Geologia, 2, 1-54.
83. SELLI, R. 1962. Il Paleogene nel quadro della Geologia dell'Italia Centro-Meridionale. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, 3, 737-789.
84. SGROSSO, I. 1968. Note biostratigrafiche sul M. Vesole (Cilento). Bollettino Società dei Naturalisti in Napoli, 77, 159-180.
85. SGROSSO, I. 1988. Nuovi elementi per un più articolato modello paleogeografico nell'Appannino meridionale. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, 41, 203-219.
86. SIMONE, L., CARANNANTE, G., RUBERTI, D., SIRNA, M., SIRNA, G., LAVIANO, A. & TROPEANO, M. 2003. Development of rudist lithosomes in the Coniacian-Lower Campanian carbonate shelves of central-southern Italy: high-energy vs low-energy settings. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 200, 5-29.
87. STOLL, H.M. & SCHRAG, D.P. 2000. High-resolution stable isotope records from the Upper Cretaceous rocks of Italy and Spain: glacial episodes in a greenhouse planet? Geological Society of America Bulletin, 112, 308-319.
88. STRASSER, A., PITTET, B., HILLGÄRTNER, H. & PASQUIER, J.-B. 1999. Depositional sequences in shallow carbonate-dominated sedimentary systems: concepts for a high-resolution analysis. Sedimentary Geology, 128, 201-221.
89. 13C of periplatform sediments: implications for stratigraphy and the global carbon cycle. Sedimentary Geology, 175, 115-129.
90. TSIKOS, H., JENKYNS, H.C. & WALSWORTH-BELL, B. ET AL. 2004. Carbon-isotope stratigraphy recorded by the Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic event: correlation and implications based on three key localities. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 161, 711-719.
91. VAHRENKAMP, V. 1996. Carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Upper Kharaib and Shuaiba Formations: implications for the Early Cretaceous evolution of the Arabian Gulf Region. AAPG Bulletin, 80, 647-662.
92. 18O) of the Late Cretaceous carbonate ramp of the western margin of the Iberian Chain (Soria, Spain). Sedimentary Geology, 105, 11-28.
93. VECCHIO, E. 2003. La 'Facies a Spirolina' nelle successioni carbonatiche del Paleocene-Eocene dell'Italia meridionale: paleontologia, paleoecologia e biostratigrafia delle associazioni a foraminiferi bentonici. PhD thesis, Università di Napoli 'Federico II'.
94. VEIZER, J. 1983. Trace elements and stable isotopes in sedimentary carbonates. In: REEDER, R.J. (ed.) Carbonates: Mineralogy and Chemistry. Mineralogical Society of America, Reviews in Mineralogy, 11, 265-299.
95. 18O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater. Chemical Geology, 161, 59-88.
96. WAGNER, P.D. 1990. Geochemical stratigraphy and porosity controls in Cretaceous carbonates near the Oman Mountains. In: ROBERTSON, A.H.F., SEARLE, M.P. & RIES, A.C. (eds) The Geology and Tectonics of the Oman Region. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 49, 127-137.
97. WAGNER, P.D. & MATTHEWS, R.K. 1982. Porosity preservation in the Upper Smackover (Jurassic) carbonate grainstone, Walker Creek Field, Arkansas: response of paleophreatic lenses to burial processes. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 52, 13-18.
98. WEBER, J.N. & WOODHEAD, P.M.J. 1969. Factors affecting the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of marine carbonate sediments - II. Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acts, 33, 19-38.
99. 2: Natural Variations Archean to Present. Geophysical Monograph, American Geophysical Union, 32, 531-546.
100. WISSLER, L., FUNK, H. & WEISSERT, H. 2003. Response of Early Cretaceous carbonate platforms to changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 200, 187-205.
101. WISSLER, L., WEISSERT, H., BUONOCUNTO, F.P., FERRERI, V. & D'ARGENIO, B. 2004. Calibration of the Early Cretaceous time scale; a combined chemostratigraphic and cyclostratigraphic approach to the Barremian - Aptian interval, Campania Apennines and Southern Alps (Italy). In: D'ARGENIO, B., FISCHER, A.G., PREMOLI-SILVA, I., WEISSERT, H. & FERRERI, V. (eds) Cyclostratigraphy; Approaches and Case Histories. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Special Publications, 81, 123-133.
102. TANG, W. 2001. Estimation of duration of subaerial exposure in shallow-marine limestone - an isotopic approach. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 71, 778-789.
103. ZAMPARELLI, V., CIRILLI, S., IANNACE, A. & JADOUL, F. 1999. Palaeotectonic and palaeoceanographic controls on microbial-serpulid communities in the Norian-Rhaetian carbonates of Italy: a synthesis. In: COLACICCHI, R., PARISI, G. & ZAMPARELLI, V. (eds) Bioevents and Integrated Stratigraphy of the Triassic and the Jurassic in Italy. Paleopelagos, Special Publications, 3, 7-84.