Moscow, Prague and Warsaw: Overcoming the Brezhnev Doctrine

Cold War History

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 103-118

  Loth, Wilfried ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUISBURG ESSEN   (Germany)

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34248086301     PISSN: 14682745     EISSN: 17437962     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/713999924     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Citation according to Boris Messner, Die Breshnew-Doktrin (Köln, 1969), pp.47f.
2. Pravda, 13 Nov. 1968.
3. Citation according to Timothy Garton Ash, Im Namen Europas. Deutschland und der geteilte Kontinent (München, 1993), p.13.
4. For a general account see François Fejtö, La fin des démocraties populaires. Les chemins du post-communisme (Paris, 1997);
5. for an overview see Wilfried Loth, Helsinki, 1. August 1975. Entspannung und Abrüstung (München, 1998), pp.258-71.
6. For an overview see Loth, Helsinki, pp.125-30.
7. Minutes in the KGB's archive quoted according to Mark Kramer, 'The Prague Spring and the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia: New Interpretations', Cold War International History Bulletin, 3 (Fall 1993), pp.2-13 at p.5.
8. Notes of Gomulka's interpreter in Erwin Weit, Dans l'ombre de Gomulka (Paris,1971), pp.268-304.
9. On the course of the negotiations see Dubcek's advisor Zdenek Mlynar, Nachtfrost: Erfahrungen auf dem Weg vom realen zum menschlichen Sozialismus (Cologne, 1978), pp.194-8.
10. Published in Cold War International History Project Bulletin, 2 (Fall 1992), p.35.
11. Kramer, Prague Spring, pp.3 and 6ff.
12. Translated from Valentin Falin, Politische Erinnerungen (München, 1993), p.369.
13. Mlynar, Nachtfrost, pp.214ff.
14. See Mark Kramer, 'Poland 1980-1981. Soviet Policy During the Polish Crisis', Cold War International History Project Bulletin, 5 (Spring 1995), pp.1, 116-26.
15. Minutes of the meeting of the Politburo on 29 Oct. 1980,quoted ibid., p.118.
16. Operational plans of the National People's Army of early December 1980, found by Mark Kramer, 'Colonel Kuklinski and the Polish Crisis, 1980/81', Cold War International History Project Bulletin, 11 (Winter 1998), pp.48-59 at pp.51f.
17. Wojciech Jaruzelski, Mein Leben für Polen, Erinnerungen (München, 1993), p.236. Jaruzelski does not mention the differentiation of a first and possibly second level.
18. Translated from Stanislav Kania, Zatrzymac konfrontacje (Warsaw, 1991), p.91.
19. Minutes translated from Michael Kubina and Manfred Wilke (eds.), 'Hart und kompromißlos durchgreifen', in Die SED contra Polen, 1980-81 (Berlin, 1995), pp.140-95.
20. See Odd Arne Westad, 'Concerning the Situation in "A". New Russian Evidence on the Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan', Cold War International History Project Bulletin, 8/9 (Winter 1996/97), pp.128-32.
21. Translated from the minutes of the conversation in Kubina and Wilke, 'Hart und kompromißlos', pp.270-91 at p.283.
22. Anatoly Dobrynin, In Confidence. Moscow's Ambassador to America's Six Cold War Presidents (New York, 1995), p.500.
23. see Vojtech Mastny, 'The Soviet Non-Invasion of Poland in 1980/81 and the End of the Cold War', Cold War International History Project Working Paper 23, 1998, p.28.
24. Parts of the minutes in Cold War International History Project Bulletin, 5 (Spring 1995), pp.121, 134-7.
25. Entry in the note book of Kulikov's colleague Victor Anoshkin, presented at the Eye Witness Conference of 8-10 Nov. 1997, in Jachranka, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, 11 (Winter 1998), pp.17-31 at pp.18f.
26. Andropov in the Politburo on 10 Dec. 1981, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, 5 (Spring 1995), p.136
27. the ambassador was told to inform Jaruzelski of this accordingly. When Jaruzelski called Andropov after he had been informed by the ambassador, he received the same answer: according to Siwicki's report in his talk with Kulikov and Anoshkin on 11 Dec. 1981, Anoshkin, 'Notebook', p.21.
28. Jaruzelski attempted to weaken the documents found by Mark Kramer, but in my opinion he did not do so successfully: Woyciech Jaruzelski, 'Commentary', Cold War International History Project Bulletin, 11 (Winter 1998), pp.32-9.
29. Annex to the Politburo minutes of 21 November 1981, quoted by Kramer, 'Poland 1980-1981', p.119.
30. Translated and summarized from Michail Gorbachev, Reden und Aufsätze zu Glasnost und Perestroika (Moscow, 1989), pp.192-294, citations pp.210f, 267, 258f, 261.
31. Report of Yegor Ligachev in a conversation with Raymond Garthoff on 11 Nov. 1991, cited in Raymond L. Garthoff, The Great Transistion. American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War (Washington, DC, 1994), p.573.
32. More references to this decisive meeting in ibid., as well as in Garton Ash, Im Namen Europas, p.679.
33. References in Garthoff, Great Transition, p.574.
34. Published in Daniel Küchenmeister, Gerd-Rüdiger Stephan, 'Gorbatschows Entfernung von der Breschnew-Doktrin. Die Moskauer Beratung der Partei- und Staatschefs des Warschauer Vertrages vom 10./11. November 1986 (Dokumentation)', Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft, 42 (1994), pp.713-21.