The EU's three-level game in dealing with neighbours

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 347-362

  Hubel, Helmut ^a  

^a FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

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EID: 34248050030     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.54648/eerr2004027     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. The term 'three-level game' has been inspired by R.D. Putnam, 'Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games' (1988) 42 International Organization, pp. 427-460.
2. W. Wallace, 'Collective Governance. The EU Political Process' in H. Wallace and W. Wallace (eds), Policy-Making in the European Union (3rd edn, OUP, Oxford 2000), pp. 523-542 at p. 533.
3. For details, see C.A. Wallander, Mortal Friends, Best Enemies: German-Russian Cooperation after the Cold War (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1999)
4. A. E. Stent, Russia and Germany Reborn, (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1999).
5. See (4 July 2003).
6. Germany today imports more than 30% of its natural gas and up to 30% of its oil from Russia. (See F. Umbach, weltpolitik.net, Editorial, German Society for Foreign Affairs, Berlin, [4 July 2003].)
7. See H. Hubel, 'The NATO-Russia Relationship from a German and EU Perspective' in K. Khudoley (ed.), Strategicheskoe Partnerstvo Rosii i Organizacii Severoatlanticheskogo pakta: kogda nastanet ego chered? [Strategich Partnership between Russia and the NATO: How to proceed?], (St. Petersburg State University Press, St. Petersburg, 2002), pp. 82-91.
8. See 'Joint Statement on Transit between the Kaliningrad region and the Rest of the Russian Federation' (10th EU-Russia Summit), (2 February 2004).
9. 'Zankapfel Kaliningrad' (Bone of Contention Kaliningrad) in Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 25 July 2002 [2 February 2004]).
10. P. Robbins, 'Confusion at Home, Confusion Abroad: Turkey between Copenhagen and Iraq' (2003) 79 International Affairs (London), pp. 547-566 at p. 554.
11. Robbins, ibid., p. 556, quoting a 'senior Turkish diplomat, 23 January 2003'. For Verheugen's statement ('…der ehrliche Makler bleiben'), see 'Verheugen-Interview: “Wer Gesinnungshäftlinge hält, ist kein EU-Land”' [One who keeps prisoners of conscience, is no EU country], 4 November 2003, in [5 November 2003].
12. EP Resolution, 5 June 2003, [30 January 2004].
13. See the statements of E. Brok, MEP, 18 December 2002, [4 Febr. 2004])
14. and H.-G. Pöttering, MEP, 13 December 2002, < www.epp-ed.org/Press/showp r.asp?Print=1&PRControl DocTypeID=1&PRControlID=1555&PRContentID=3026> [4 Febr. 2004].
15. European Liberal Democrat leader G. Watson, commenting on the conclusion of the Danish presidency, [4 February 2004].
16. J. Thies, 'Wo liegt die Türkei' (Where lies Turkey?) (2003) 50 1-2 Die neue Gesellschaft/Frankfurter Hefte, pp. 49-52.
17. See, e.g., D. Oberndörfer, 'Turkophobie' (2003) 48/2 Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik, pp. 138-142.