Computer games as political discourse:The case of black hawk down

Journal of Language and Politics

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 119-141

  Machin, David ^a   Van Leeuwen, Theo ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Computer war games; Discourse history; Hollywood war films; Political propaganda; Social actors; Special operations discourse

Indexed keywords

EID: 34248038783     PISSN: 15692159     EISSN: 15699862     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1075/jlp.4.1.06mac     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Africa Watch. 1990. Somalia: A Government at War with Its Own People: Testimonies about Killings and the Conflict in the North. London: Africa Watch.
2. Barber, W. F. and Neale Ronning, C. 1963. International Security and Military Power: Counterinsurgency and Civic Action in Latin America. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
3. Bramstedt, E. K. 1965. Goebbels and National Socialist Propaganda 1925-1945. Michigan: State University Press.
4. Caputo, P. 1977. A Rumour of War. London: Macmillan.
5. Cohen, M. 2001. Somalia, the cynical manipulation of hunger. http://www.columbia.edu/ cu/cssn-list/2001.
6. Finnan, M. 1993. The oil factor in Somalia: Four American petroleum giants had agreements with the African nation before its civil war began. Los Angeles Times January 18.
7. Goebbels, J. 1948. Diaries 1942-1943. Trans. L. P. Lochner. London: Hamish Hamilton.
8. Gorman, R. F. 1981. Political Conflict on the Horn of Africa. New York: Praeger.
9. Herman, E. S. 1982. The Real Terror Network: Terrorism in Fact and Propaganda. Boston: South End Press.
10. Lefebvre, J. A. 1991. Arms for the Horn: US Security Policy in Ethiopia and Somalia 19531991. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
11. Le Monde. 2003. Semaine sanglante en Irak. http://www.LeMonde.fr.
12. Lewis, P. 1992. Security Council weighs role in Somali civil war. New York Times 18 March, 9.
13. Maren, M. 1994. Leave Somalia alone. New York Times, July 6 (http://www.netnomad.com/ Leave_Somalia.html).
14. McClintock, M. 2002. Instruments of Statecraft: US Guerrilla Warfare, Counterinsurgency and Counterterrorism 1940-1990. New York: Pantheon.
15. McConnell, J. 2001. The counrerterrorists at the Fletcher School: The Reagan administration’s new terrorism policy. Boston Review, October/November issue.
16. Medecins Sans Frontieres. 2002. Somalia Briefing Document.
17. Nederveen Pieterse, J. 1992. White on Black — Images of Africans and Blacks in Western Popular Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press.
18. Newsinger, J. 1997. Dangerous Men: The SAS and Popular Culture. London: Pluto.
19. Perlez, J. 1992a. Armed UN troops arrive in Somalia. New York Times 15 September, 10.
20. Perlez, J. 1992b. Chaotic Somalia starves as strongmen battle. New York Times 4 October, 1.
21. Perlez, J. 1992c. US says airlifts fail Somali needy. New York Times 31 July, 9.
22. Perlez, J. 1992d. Hungry Somalis still die but crops grow too. New York Times 23 October, 1.
23. Peterson, S. 2002. Black Hawk Down — good box office but bad history. http://www.tele-graph.com.
24. Post, T. et al. 1992. How do you spell relief? Newsweek 23 November, 38.
25. Schraeder, P. J. 1990. The Horn of Africa: US foreign policy in an altered Cold War environment. Middle East Journal 46(4), 573-74.
26. Sciolino, E. 1993. Somalia puzzle: What is the American strategy? New York Times 5 October, 3.
27. Shalom, S. R. 1993. Gravy train: Feeding the Pentagon by feeding Somalia. Zmagazine February 1993, http://www.zmag.org/zmag/articles/shalowsomalia.html.
28. UNICEF 1989 The State of the World’s Children. New York: Oxford University Press.
29. Van Leeuwen, T. 1996. The representation of social actors. In: C. R. Caldas-Coulthard and M. Coulthard (eds). Texts and Practices — Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Routledge, 32-70.
30. Van Leeuwen, T. 1993. Genre and field in critical discourse analysis. Discourse &Society 4(2), 193-225.
31. Van Leeuwen, T. 2000. Visual racism. In: M. Reisigl and R. Wodak (eds). The Semiotics of Racism — Approaches in Critical Discourse Analysis. Vienna: Passagen Verlag, 333-350.
32. Van Leeuwen, T. and Wodak, R. 1999. Legitimizing immigration control: A discourse-historical analysis. Discourse Studies 1(1), 83-119.
33. Waller, D. 1992. Everyone is sniping at the marines. Newsweek 29 December, 39.
34. Wines, M. 1992. Aides say US role in Somalia gives Bush a way to exit in glory. New York Times 6 December, 14.
35. Wodak, R., Pelikan, J., Nowak, P., Gruber, H., De Cillia, R. and Mitten, R. 1990. ‘Wirsind alle unschuldige Tater’. Diskurshistorische Studien zum Nachkriegsantisemitismus. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
36. Wodak, R., Menz, F., Mitten, R. and Stern, F. 1994. Sprachen der Vergangenheiten. Frankfurt: Surhkamp.
37. Wolff, T. 1995. In Pharaoh’s Army. London: Picador.
38. Wright, W. 1975. Sixguns and Society: A Structural Study of the Western. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.