Do We Owe the Global Poor Assistance or Rectification?

Ethics and International Affairs

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 9-18

  Risse, Mathias ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 34248033900     PISSN: 08926794     EISSN: 17477093     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-7093.2005.tb00485.x     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Thomas W. Pogge, World Poverty and Human Rights: Cosmopolitan Responsibilities and Reforms (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002).
2. Unless otherwise noted, data are from World Bank, World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2000); available at web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/0,contentMDK:20195989~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:336992,00.html
3. United Nations,“Report of the High-Level Panel on Financing for Development” (“Zedillo Report”); available at www.un.org/reports/financing/full_report.pdf
4. “World Development Indicators 2002”; available at www.worldbank.org/data/wdi2002/cdrom
5. Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: OECD Development Center, 2001), table B 22, p. 265.
6. See also Bjorn Lomborg, The Skeptical Environmentalist: Measuring the Real State of the World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), esp. Part II for the different approaches to measuring inequality.
7. Alberto Alesina and David Dollar, “Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why?”Journal of Economic Growth 5 (2000), pp. 33–64. According to the Zedillo Report, official development aid in 2000 was $53.1 billion, down from $60.9 billion in 1992; in 1998, $12.1 billion went to the least developed countries; official development aid in 1992 averaged 0.33% of donors' GNP, down to 0.22% in 2000, contrasted with the 0.7% of GNP that is widely agreed upon.
8. Nicolas Van de Walle and Timothy Johnston, Improving Aid to Africa (Washington, D.C.: Johns Hopkins University Press for the Overseas Development Council, 1996), p. 20.
9. Herbert Giersch, Karl-Heinz Paqué, and Holger Schmieding, The Fading Miracle: Four Decades of Market Economy in Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 98.
10. Jeffrey Herbst, States and Power in Africa (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000)
11. Bernard Lewis, What Went Wrong? The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).
12. David S. Landes, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor (New York: W. W. Norton, 1998), p. 381 see also p. 429
13. Paul Bairoch, in Economics and World History (New York: Harvester, 1993), argues that it was not because of exploitation of developing countries that developed countries did well.
14. The classic of dependency theory is Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979).
15. See Landes, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations, p. 510ff., for some comments on Cardoso's rise from leftist scholar to president of Brazil.
16. Fernand Braudel, A History of Civilizations (New York: Penguin, 1987), p. 134.
17. Thomas W. Pogge, “‘Assisting’ the Global Poor,” in Deen K. Chatterjee, ed., The Ethics of Assistance: Morality and the Distant Needy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 260–89.
18. I have adopted this view in Mathias Risse, “What We Owe to the Global Poor,”Journal of Ethics, forthcoming
19. as well as in Mathias Risse,“How Does the Global Order Harm the Poor?” forthcoming.
20. Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 3.
21. Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson, “The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation,” American Economic Review 91, no. 5 (2001), pp. 1369–1401
22. Dani Rodrik, Arvind Subramanian, and Francesco Trebbi, “Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development,” forthcoming.
23. Pogge, “‘Assisting’ the Global Poor,” p. 263.
24. Alan Patten,“Should We Stop Thinking about Poverty in Terms of Helping the Poor?” p. 23, this journal.
25. John Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), p. 24.
26. This sketch must be extended to a full-fledged argument in support of the existence of states; I do some work toward that end in “What We Owe to the Global Poor.” The distinction between “morally arbitrary”and “morally relevant,” which I think is very important in this context, is due to Michael Blake, “Distributive Justice, State Coercion, and Autonomy,”Philosophy & Public Affairs 30, no. 3 (2001), pp. 257–97.