The Jewish Military organization (ŻZW) in the Warsaw Ghetto

Holocaust and Genocide Studies

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 201-225

  Arens, Moshe ^a  

^a Defense and of Foreign Affairs ^*  (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34248030987     PISSN: 87566583     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dci020     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Stefan Korbonski, The Polish Underground State: A Guide to the Underground 1939-1945 (Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1978), p. 14
2. Wladyslaw Bartoszewski and Zofia Lewin, eds., Righteous Among the Nations (London: Earlscourt Publications, 1969), p. 148. For a short biography of Andrzej Petrykowski, a brigadier general in the Polish Underground Army, see Andrzej Krzysztof Kunert, Slownik biograficzny konspiracji warszaioskiej 1939-1944, vol. 2 (Warsaw: PAX, 1987)
3. Haim Lazar's Matsada shel Varsha (Tel Aviv: Machon Jabotinsky, 1963) includes a copy of a notarized statement by Kalman Mendelson, made out in Warsaw on November 27,1959 (p. 350)
4. Kalman Mendelson, "Historia powstania ŻZW," Kronika 18 (London) (May 2, 1970). A similar description of the relationship between the Polish underground organization WZWZ and the ŻZW is provided in a statement signed in Warsaw on fune 11, 1948 by thirteen former members of WZWZ, including Iwański. See archive no. 3809 of the Żydowski Instytut Historyczny (fewish Historical Institute, ŻIH)
5. Lazar, Matsada shel Varsha, p. 82 (based on conversations with Adam Halperin, a member of Betar in the Warsaw Ghetto). Frenkel required those joining the ŻZW to be quartered in Z̀ZW barracks, leaving their families behind
6. Kalman Mendelson, "Rozwój i dzialłalność ŻZW," Kronika 19 (May 19, 1970)
7. Yisrael Gutman, The jews ofWarsaio 1939-1943 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982), p. 121
8. Levi Dror and Yisrael Rosenzwig, eds., Sefer Hashomer Hatsair, vol. 1,1913-1945 (Merhavia: Sifriat Poalim, 1956), p. 455
9. Yisrael Eldad (Sheib), Ma'aser Rishon (Tel Aviv: Hamatmid, 1950), p. 40. Another member of the netzivut, Peretz Lasker, had been serving as an officer in the Polish Army, and returned to Warsaw after the fighting ended
10. David Gotesfurcht, Aharon Richman, and Hayim Harari, eds., Sefer Dror, Histadrut Olamit "Dror-Hehalutz Hatsair" (Ein Harod: Hakibutz Hameuhad, 1947), p. 446
11. Yitzhak (Antek) Zuckerman, A Surplus of Memory (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993), pp. 36-40
12. Dror and Rosenzweig, eds., Sefer Hashomer Hatsair, vol. 1, pp. 432, 445
13. Ch. Ben-Yerucham, Sejer Betar: Korot Umkorot (Jerusalem; Tel Aviv: Havaad Lehotsaat Sefer Betar, 1975), vol. 2, part 2, p. 985
14. David Niv, Ma'arachot hairgun hatsvai haleumi, Part 2: Mehaganah lehatkafah, 1937-1939 (Tel Aviv: Mosad Klausner, 1965), pp. 17-29
15. Natan Yellin-Mor, Shenot Beterem (Tel Aviv: Kineret, 1990), p. 16
16. Niv, Ma'arachot hairgun hatsvai haleumi, p. 174
17. Ben-Yerucham, Sefer Betar, pp. 841-44
18. Yellin-Mor, Shenot Beterem, p. 70
19. Eldad, Ma'aser Rishon, p. 40
20. Yitshak (Isaac) Raviv, Keshet Beanan (Jerusalem: Hamercaz Lemoreshet Yerushalayim, 2001), p. 32
21. Peretz Lasker, "Hairgun hatsvai haleumi herim rishon et ness hamered bevarsha," Herut, April 24, 1962
22. Lasker, "Hairgun hatsvai haleumi"; Fella Finkelstein-Shapchik, testimony given at Beit Lohamei Hagetaot on September 4, 1997, BLH Archives no. 9648. Finkelstein-Shapchik remembers that, led by Peretz Lasker, a group of some 300 Betar members moved out of the ghetto to the Hrubieszów farming estates in the fall of 1941. Lasker recounts that arrangements were made for 600 members of Betar to work in the farms in the Hrubieszów area in the summer of 1941
23. Lasker, "Hairgun hatsvai haleumi."
24. Finkelstein-Shapchik, BLH Archives 9648, and Lazar, Matsada shel Varsha, p. 103
25. Finkelstein-Shapchik, BLH Archives 9648
26. Mendelson, "Rozwój i dzialalność ŻZW."
27. Henryk Iwański, "Czy można bylo rotować ludzi ⋯? Mowi major 'Bystry,'" Kultura, no. 16 (254), April 21, 1968
28. David Wdowiński, "Mered getto Varsha," Hamashkif, April 26, 1946, p. 79
29. David f. Landau, Caged-The Landau Manuscript, published by the Landau family in Australia, 1999, pp. 181-83
30. fack Eisner, The Survivor (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1980), p. 177
31. Finkelstein-Shapchik, BLH Archives no. 9648
32. Arye Najberg, Haaharonim (Merhavia:Sifriat Poalim, 1958), p. 89
33. Marian Apfelbaum, Retour sur le Ghetto de Varsovie (Paris: Editions Odile facob, 2002), p. 25. Also a private communication from Marian Apfelbaum, a relative of David Apfelbaum
34. Wdowiński, Mered getto Varsha
35. Sefer Betar, vol. 1, pp. 233-34; vol. 2, part 2, p. 976
36. David Wdowiński, And We Are Not Saved (New York: Philosophical Library, 1963), p. 79
37. Landau, Caged, pp. 181-83
38. A description of Jabotinsky's contacts with the prewar Polish government can be found in Laurence Weinbaum, A Marriage of Convenience (Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1993)
39. Yitzhak Zuckerman, Bageto uvamered (Tel Aviv: Beit Lohamei Hagetaot/ Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 1985), p. 149
40. Joseph Kermish, ed., To hive with Honor and Die with Honor: Selected documents from, the Warsaw Ghetto Underground Archives "O. S." (Oneg Shabbath) (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1986), p. 596
41. Marek Edelman, The Ghetto Fights (New York: American Representation of the General Jewish Workers' Union of Poland, 1946)
42. Aharon Carmi and Haim Frimmer, Min hadlikah hahi (Tel Aviv: Hakibutz Hameuhad, 1961)
43. Zajdler, Walki na placu Muranowskim
44. Kalman Mendelson, "Ci, ktorzy byli z nami," Argumenty 15 (775), April 15, 1973
45. Yitshak Zuckerman, testimony in the archives of Beit Lohamei Hagetaot, reel 17, pp. 13-17. Zuckerman, who was on the "Aryan" side at the time, recounts: "Some time after the uprising a connection was established between me and a Revisionist group that was in hiding together with their commander [Pawel Frenkel] on Grzybowska Street. This group received financial support and assistance from me. ⋯ One day they were discovered by the Germans. They defended themselves but they all fell in the encounter." There are conflicting reports regarding the date on which Frenkel and his comrades fell in battle with the Germans. The battle took place in May or fune 1943, at 11 or 13 Grzybowska Street, outside the ghetto