메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 8-13

Thyroid dysfunction in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

Author keywords

HYPOTHYROIDISM; MENOPAUSE; THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE; THYROTOXICOSIS; THYROXINE

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE; AMIODARONE; ANTACID AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CALCIUM CARBONATE; CARBIMAZOLE; COLESTYRAMINE; DROLOXIFENE; ESTROGEN; FERROUS SULFATE; HORMONE BINDING PROTEIN; LEVOTHYROXINE; LIOTHYRONINE; LUGOL; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; RADIOACTIVE IODINE; RALOXIFENE; SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR; SUCRALFATE; TAMOXIFEN; THIAMAZOLE; THIONAMIDE DERIVATIVE; THYROID HORMONE; THYROID STIMULATING IMMUNOGLOBULIN; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE; THYROXINE BINDING GLOBULIN; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 34247890027     PISSN: 17540453     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1258/175404507780456746     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (31)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0036173697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
    • Hollowell J, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, et al. Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:489–99.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 489-499
    • Hollowell, J.1    Staehling, N.W.2    Flanders, W.D.3
  • 3
    • 0017757504 scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey
    • Tunbridge WMG, Evered DC, Hall R, et al. The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol 1977;7:481–93.
    • (1977) Clin Endocrinol , pp. 481-493
    • Tunbridge, W.M.G.1    Evered, D.C.2    Hall, R.3
  • 4
    • 84941812676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aging thyroid: thyroid deficiency in the Framingham Study
    • Sawin CT, Castelli WP, Hershman JM, et al. The aging thyroid: thyroid deficiency in the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 1985;145:1386–8.
    • Arch Intern Med , vol.145 , pp. 1386-1388
    • Sawin, C.T.1    Castelli, W.P.2    Hershman, J.M.3
  • 5
    • 0034723754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study
    • Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, et al. The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:526–34.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 526-534
    • Canaris, G.J.1    Manowitz, N.R.2    Mayor, G.3
  • 6
    • 0027997922 scopus 로고
    • Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons
    • Sawin CT, Geller A, Wolf PA, et al. Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1249–52.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 1249-1252
    • Sawin, C.T.1    Geller, A.2    Wolf, P.A.3
  • 8
    • 0037298981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function and menopause
    • Schindler AE. Thyroid function and menopause. Gynecol Endocrinol 2003;17:79–85.
    • (2003) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.17 , pp. 79-85
    • Schindler, A.E.1
  • 10
    • 0020618552 scopus 로고
    • A study of thyroid function in the pre- and post-menopause
    • Bottiglioni F, de Aloysio D, Nicoletti G, et al. A study of thyroid function in the pre- and post-menopause. Maturitas 1983;5:105–14.
    • (1983) Maturitas , vol.5 , pp. 105-114
    • Bottiglioni, F.1    de Aloysio, D.2    Nicoletti, G.3
  • 11
    • 0029012196 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of thyroid antibodies among healthy middle-aged women: findings from the Thyroid Study in Health Women
    • Massoudi MS, Meilahn EN, Orchard TJ, et al. Prevalence of thyroid antibodies among healthy middle-aged women: findings from the Thyroid Study in Health Women. Ann Epidemiol 1995; 5:229–33.
    • (1995) Ann Epidemiol , vol.5 , pp. 229-233
    • Massoudi, M.S.1    Meilahn, E.N.2    Orchard, T.J.3
  • 12
    • 0345700826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and menopausal status in women at the mid-life
    • Sowers M, Luborsky J, Perdue C, Araujo KL, Goldman MB, Harlow SD. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and menopausal status in women at the mid-life. Clin Endocrinol 2003;58:340–7.
    • (2003) Clin Endocrinol , vol.58 , pp. 340-347
    • Sowers, M.1    Luborsky, J.2    Perdue, C.3    Araujo, K.L.4    Goldman, M.B.5    Harlow, S.D.6
  • 13
    • 0343527473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supporting the cost-effectiveness of a thyroid testing algorithm
    • Lopez-Achigar E, Collazo C, Blanco R, Raymondo S. Supporting the cost-effectiveness of a thyroid testing algorithm. Clin Chim Acta 2000;296:213–15.
    • (2000) Clin Chim Acta , vol.296 , pp. 213-215
    • Lopez-Achigar, E.1    Collazo, C.2    Blanco, R.3    Raymondo, S.4
  • 14
    • 0032527277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical guideline
    • screening for thyroid disease
    • American College of Physicians. Clinical guideline, part 1: screening for thyroid disease. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:141–3.
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.129 , pp. 141-143
  • 15
    • 0034641085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American ThyroidAmerican Thyroid Association guidelines for detection of thyroid dysfunction
    • Ladenson PW, Singer PA, Ain KB, et al. American ThyroidAmerican Thyroid Association guidelines for detection of thyroid dysfunction. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1573–5.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 1573-1575
    • Ladenson, P.W.1    Singer, P.A.2    Ain, K.B.3
  • 16
    • 0029888196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for mild thyroid failure at the periodic health examination: a decision and cost-effectiveness analysis
    • Danese MD, Powe NR, Sawin CT, et al. Screening for mild thyroid failure at the periodic health examination: a decision and cost-effectiveness analysis. JAMA 1996;276:285–92.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 285-292
    • Danese, M.D.1    Powe, N.R.2    Sawin, C.T.3
  • 17
    • 12244249493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction: a joint statement on management from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Thyroid Association, and the Endocrine Society
    • Gharib H, Tuttle RM, Baskin HJ, Fish LH, Singer PA, McDermott MT. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction: a joint statement on management from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Thyroid Association, and the Endocrine Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:581–5.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 581-585
    • Gharib, H.1    Tuttle, R.M.2    Baskin, H.J.3    Fish, L.H.4    Singer, P.A.5    McDermott, M.T.6
  • 18
    • 9144238095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disease. Scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management
    • Surks MI, Ortiz E, Daniels GH, Sawin CT, et al. Subclinical thyroid disease. Scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA 2004;291:228–38.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 228-238
    • Surks, M.I.1    Ortiz, E.2    Daniels, G.H.3    Sawin, C.T.4
  • 19
    • 0347635353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for thyroid disease: recommendation statement
    • US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for thyroid disease: recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:125–7.
    • (2004) Ann Intern Med , vol.140 , pp. 125-127
  • 20
    • 42549170494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at www.acb.org. uk/docs/TFTguidelinefinal.pdf (accessed December 2006)
    • Association for Clinical Biochemistry, British Thyroid Association, British Thyroid Foundation. UK Guidelines for the Use of Thyroid Function Tests. 2006. Available at www.acb.org. uk/docs/TFTguidelinefinal.pdf (accessed December 2006).
    • (2006) UK Guidelines for the Use of Thyroid Function Tests
  • 21
    • 0028050479 scopus 로고
    • Does age play a role in clinical presentation of hypothyroidism?
    • Doucet J, Trivalle C, Chassagne P, et al. Does age play a role in clinical presentation of hypothyroidism? J Am Geriatr Soc 1994;42:984–6.
    • (1994) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.42 , pp. 984-986
    • Doucet, J.1    Trivalle, C.2    Chassagne, P.3
  • 23
    • 0032909208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbances of menstruation in hypothyroidism
    • Krassas GE, Pontikides N, Kaltsas T, et al. Disturbances of menstruation in hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol 1999;50:655–9.
    • (1999) Clin Endocrinol , vol.50 , pp. 655-659
    • Krassas, G.E.1    Pontikides, N.2    Kaltsas, T.3
  • 24
    • 0033066687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for hypothyroidism in infertile women
    • Lincoln SR, Ke RW, Kutteh WH. Screening for hypothyroidism in infertile women. J Reprod Med 1999;44:455–7.
    • (1999) J Reprod Med , vol.44 , pp. 455-457
    • Lincoln, S.R.1    Ke, R.W.2    Kutteh, W.H.3
  • 25
    • 0035954660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Cooper DS. Subclinical hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 2001;345: 260–5.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 260-265
    • Cooper, D.S.1
  • 26
    • 0029046372 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty year follow-up of the Whickham survey
    • Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, et al. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty year follow-up of the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995;43:55–68.
    • (1995) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.43 , pp. 55-68
    • Vanderpump, M.P.1    Tunbridge, W.M.2    French, J.M.3
  • 27
    • 0035864975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system
    • Klein I, Ojamaa K. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 2001;344:501–9.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 501-509
    • Klein, I.1    Ojamaa, K.2
  • 28
  • 29
    • 0027162504 scopus 로고
    • Hyperlipidemia in patients with primary and secondary hypothyroidism
    • O'Brien T, Dineen SF, O'Brien PC, Palumbo PJ. Hyperlipidemia in patients with primary and secondary hypothyroidism. Mayo Clin Proc 1993;68:860–6.
    • (1993) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.68 , pp. 860-866
    • O'Brien, T.1    Dineen, S.F.2    O'Brien, P.C.3    Palumbo, P.J.4
  • 30
    • 9744263284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia: modern concepts and approaches
    • Pearce EN. Hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia: modern concepts and approaches. Curr Cardiol Rep 2004;6:451–6.
    • (2004) Curr Cardiol Rep , vol.6 , pp. 451-456
    • Pearce, E.N.1
  • 31
    • 0035883894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of all cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: a 10-year cohort study
    • Parle JV, Maisonneuve P, Sheppard MC, et al. Prediction of all cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: a 10-year cohort study. Lancet 2001;358:861–5.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 861-865
    • Parle, J.V.1    Maisonneuve, P.2    Sheppard, M.C.3
  • 32
    • 28344432759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
    • Walsh JP, Bremner AP, Bulsara MK, et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:2467–72.
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , pp. 2467-2472
    • Walsh, J.P.1    Bremner, A.P.2    Bulsara, M.K.3
  • 33
    • 33644584065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults
    • Cappola AR, Fried LP, Arnold M, et al. Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults. JAMA 2006;295: 1033–41.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1033-1041
    • Cappola, A.R.1    Fried, L.P.2    Arnold, M.3
  • 34
    • 34247876718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine in goiter, Helicobacter pylori infection, and chronic gastritis
    • Centanni M, Gargano L, Canettieri G, et al. Thyroxine in goiter, Helicobacter pylori infection, and chronic gastritis. N Engl J Med 1999;340:424–9.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 424-429
    • Centanni, M.1    Gargano, L.2    Canettieri, G.3
  • 35
    • 0023619315 scopus 로고
    • Reduced clearance rate of thyroxinebinding globulin (TBG) with increased sialylation: a mechanism for estrogen-induced elevation of serum TBG concentration
    • Ain KB, Mori Y, Refetoff S. Reduced clearance rate of thyroxinebinding globulin (TBG) with increased sialylation: a mechanism for estrogen-induced elevation of serum TBG concentration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;65:689–96.
    • (1987) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.65 , pp. 689-696
    • Ain, K.B.1    Mori, Y.2    Refetoff, S.3
  • 36
    • 0035821989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased need for thyroxine in women with hypothyroidism during estrogen therapy
    • Arafah BM. Increased need for thyroxine in women with hypothyroidism during estrogen therapy. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1743–9.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1743-1749
    • Arafah, B.M.1
  • 37
    • 0028929933 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function test changes with adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer
    • Mamby CC, Love RR, Lee KE. Thyroid function test changes with adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. J Clin Onc 1995;13:854–7.
    • (1995) J Clin Onc , vol.13 , pp. 854-857
    • Mamby, C.C.1    Love, R.R.2    Lee, K.E.3
  • 38
    • 0031923557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen
    • Anker GB, Lonning PE, Aakvaag A, et al. Thyroid function in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1998;58:103–7.
    • (1998) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.58 , pp. 103-107
    • Anker, G.B.1    Lonning, P.E.2    Aakvaag, A.3
  • 39
    • 0034527611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of droloxifene and estrogen on thyroid function in postmenopausal women
    • Marqusee E, Braverman LE, Lawrence JE, et al. The effects of droloxifene and estrogen on thyroid function in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4407–10.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 4407-4410
    • Marqusee, E.1    Braverman, L.E.2    Lawrence, J.E.3
  • 40
    • 2342475203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A one year follow-up on the effects of raloxifene on thyroid function in postmenopausal women
    • Caresini G, Morganti S, Rebecchi I, et al. A one year follow-up on the effects of raloxifene on thyroid function in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2004;11:176–9.
    • (2004) Menopause , vol.11 , pp. 176-179
    • Caresini, G.1    Morganti, S.2    Rebecchi, I.3
  • 41
    • 0038010801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene causing malabsorption of levothyroxine
    • Siraj ES, Gupta MK, Reddy SS. Raloxifene causing malabsorption of levothyroxine. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1367–70.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 1367-1370
    • Siraj, E.S.1    Gupta, M.K.2    Reddy, S.S.3
  • 42
    • 33744493668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels associated with concomitant administration of levothyroxine and raloxifene
    • Garwood CL, Van Schepen KA, McDonough RP, Sullivan AL. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels associated with concomitant administration of levothyroxine and raloxifene. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:881–5.
    • (2006) Pharmacotherapy , vol.26 , pp. 881-885
    • Garwood, C.L.1    Van Schepen, K.A.2    McDonough, R.P.3    Sullivan, A.L.4
  • 43
    • 0034267608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: a quantitative review of the literature
    • Danese MD, Ladenson PW, Meinert CL, Powe NR. Effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: a quantitative review of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2993–3001.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 2993-3001
    • Danese, M.D.1    Ladenson, P.W.2    Meinert, C.L.3    Powe, N.R.4
  • 44
    • 17944382933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TSH-controlled L-thyroxine therapy reduces cholesterol levels and clinical symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Basel Thyroid Study)
    • Meier C, Staub JJ, Roth CB, Guglielmetti M, et al. TSH-controlled L-thyroxine therapy reduces cholesterol levels and clinical symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Basel Thyroid Study). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:4860–6.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 4860-4866
    • Meier, C.1    Staub, J.J.2    Roth, C.B.3    Guglielmetti, M.4
  • 45
    • 0035052790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of levothyroxine on cardiac function and structure in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Monzani F, Di Bello V, Caraccio N, et al. Effect of levothyroxine on cardiac function and structure in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1110–15.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 1110-1115
    • Monzani, F.1    Di Bello2    Caraccio, N.3
  • 46
    • 23044474279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle metabolism and exercise tolerance in subclinical hypothyroidism: a controlled trial of levothyroxine
    • Caraccio N, Natali A, Sironi A, et al. Muscle metabolism and exercise tolerance in subclinical hypothyroidism: a controlled trial of levothyroxine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:4057–62.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 4057-4062
    • Caraccio, N.1    Natali, A.2    Sironi, A.3
  • 47
    • 0027300954 scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism: neurobehavioral features and beneficial effect of L-thyroxine treatment
    • Monzani F, Del Guerra P, Caraccio N, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism: neurobehavioral features and beneficial effect of L-thyroxine treatment. Clin Investig 1993;71:367–71.
    • (1993) Clin Investig , vol.71 , pp. 367-371
    • Monzani, F.1    Del Guerra, P.2    Caraccio, N.3
  • 48
    • 0021141412 scopus 로고
    • L-thyroxine therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism. A doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Cooper DS, Halpern R, Wood LC, Levin AA, Ridgway EC. L-thyroxine therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism. A doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1984;101:18–24.
    • (1984) Ann Intern Med , vol.101 , pp. 18-24
    • Cooper, D.S.1    Halpern, R.2    Wood, L.C.3    Levin, A.A.4    Ridgway, E.C.5
  • 49
    • 0023719928 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind cross-over 12-month study of L-thyroxine treatment of women with ‘subclinical’ hypothyroidism
    • Nystrom E, Caidahl K, Fager G, Wikkelso C, Lundberg PA, Lindstedt G. A double-blind cross-over 12-month study of L-thyroxine treatment of women with ‘subclinical’ hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1988;29:63–75.
    • (1988) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.29 , pp. 63-75
    • Nystrom, E.1    Caidahl, K.2    Fager, G.3    Wikkelso, C.4    Lundberg, P.A.5    Lindstedt, G.6
  • 50
    • 0022574263 scopus 로고
    • Mild hyperthyroidism with inappropriate secretion of TSH in postmenopausal women
    • Custro N, Scafidi V. Mild hyperthyroidism with inappropriate secretion of TSH in postmenopausal women. Acta Endocrinologica 1986;111:204–8.
    • (1986) Acta Endocrinologica , vol.111 , pp. 204-208
    • Custro, N.1    Scafidi, V.2
  • 52
    • 0030066484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in older and younger patients
    • Trivalle C, Doucet J, Chassagne P, et al. Differences in the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in older and younger patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44:50–3.
    • (1996) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.44 , pp. 50-53
    • Trivalle, C.1    Doucet, J.2    Chassagne, P.3
  • 53
    • 16244401455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical and therapeutic approach to thyrotoxicosis with thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression only
    • Papi G, Pearce EN, Braverman LE, et al. A clinical and therapeutic approach to thyrotoxicosis with thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression only. Am J Med 2005;118:349–61.
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , pp. 349-361
    • Papi, G.1    Pearce, E.N.2    Braverman, L.E.3
  • 54
    • 33744987628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis
    • Pearce EN. The diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis. BMJ 2006;332:1369–73.
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.332 , pp. 1369-1373
    • Pearce, E.N.1
  • 55
    • 0025744590 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of bone collagen degradation in hyperthyroidism and during thyroxine replacement therapy using pyridium cross-links as specific urinary markers
    • Harvey RD, McHardy KC, Reid IW, et al. Measurement of bone collagen degradation in hyperthyroidism and during thyroxine replacement therapy using pyridium cross-links as specific urinary markers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72:1189–94.
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.72 , pp. 1189-1194
    • Harvey, R.D.1    McHardy, K.C.2    Reid, I.W.3
  • 56
    • 0028145054 scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism, thyroid hormone therapy, and bone
    • Ross DS. Hyperthyroidism, thyroid hormone therapy, and bone. Thyroid 1994;4:319–26.
    • (1994) Thyroid , vol.4 , pp. 319-326
    • Ross, D.S.1
  • 57
    • 33646479966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of risedronate for osteoporosis in the initial treatment of male patients with Graves' disease
    • Majima T, Komatsu Y, Doi K, et al. Clinical significance of risedronate for osteoporosis in the initial treatment of male patients with Graves' disease. J Bone Miner Metab 2006;24:105–13.
    • (2006) J Bone Miner Metab , vol.24 , pp. 105-113
    • Majima, T.1    Komatsu, Y.2    Doi, K.3
  • 58
    • 84928700394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithyroid drug regimen for treating Graves' hyperthyroidism
    • CD003420
    • Abraham P, Avenell A, Watson WA, et al. Antithyroid drug regimen for treating Graves' hyperthyroidism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(4):CD003420.
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.4
    • Abraham, P.1    Avenell, A.2    Watson, W.A.3
  • 59
    • 0035899256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice: subclinical hyperthyroidism
    • Toft AD. Clinical practice: subclinical hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med 2001;354:512–16.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 512-516
    • Toft, A.D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.