메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 102, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 1756-1766

Use of motor cortex stimulation to measure simultaneously the changes in dynamic muscle properties and voluntary activation in human muscles

Author keywords

Fatigue; Hypothermia; Muscle relaxation rate; Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EVOKED RESPONSE; EXERCISE; EXTENSOR MUSCLE; FEMALE; FLEXOR MUSCLE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MOTOR CORTEX; MOTOR UNIT POTENTIAL; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE FATIGUE; MUSCLE FORCE; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MUSCLE ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; MUSCLE RELAXATION; MUSCLE TWITCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT;

EID: 34247885842     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00962.2006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0035498508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of phosphate and calcium stores in muscle fatigue
    • Allen DG, Westerblad H. Role of phosphate and calcium stores in muscle fatigue. J Physiol 536: 657-665, 2001.
    • (2001) J Physiol , vol.536 , pp. 657-665
    • Allen, D.G.1    Westerblad, H.2
  • 2
    • 0029008616 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of measurements of muscle strength and voluntary activation using twitch interpolation
    • Allen GM, Gandevia SC, McKenzie DK. Reliability of measurements of muscle strength and voluntary activation using twitch interpolation. Muscle Nerve 18: 593-600, 1995.
    • (1995) Muscle Nerve , vol.18 , pp. 593-600
    • Allen, G.M.1    Gandevia, S.C.2    McKenzie, D.K.3
  • 4
    • 84944496597 scopus 로고
    • The blood flow through muscle during sustained contraction
    • Barcroft H, Millen JLE. The blood flow through muscle during sustained contraction. J Physiol 97: 17-31, 1939.
    • (1939) J Physiol , vol.97 , pp. 17-31
    • Barcroft, H.1    Millen, J.L.E.2
  • 5
    • 0020644047 scopus 로고
    • Physiological properties of two antagonist human muscle groups
    • Belanger AY, McComas AJ, Elder GB. Physiological properties of two antagonist human muscle groups. Eur J Appl Physiol 51: 381-393, 1983.
    • (1983) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.51 , pp. 381-393
    • Belanger, A.Y.1    McComas, A.J.2    Elder, G.B.3
  • 6
    • 0020794801 scopus 로고
    • Changes in motoneurone firing rate during sustained maximal voluntary contractions
    • Bigland-Ritchie B, Johansson R, Lippold OCJ, Smith S, Woods JJ. Changes in motoneurone firing rate during sustained maximal voluntary contractions. J Physiol 340: 335-346, 1983.
    • (1983) J Physiol , vol.340 , pp. 335-346
    • Bigland-Ritchie, B.1    Johansson, R.2    Lippold, O.C.J.3    Smith, S.4    Woods, J.J.5
  • 7
    • 0018194441 scopus 로고
    • Central and peripheral fatigue in sustained maximum voluntary contractions of human quadriceps muscle
    • Bigland-Ritchie B, Jones DA, Hosking GP, Edwards RHT. Central and peripheral fatigue in sustained maximum voluntary contractions of human quadriceps muscle. Clin Sci Mol Med 54: 609-614, 1978.
    • (1978) Clin Sci Mol Med , vol.54 , pp. 609-614
    • Bigland-Ritchie, B.1    Jones, D.A.2    Hosking, G.P.3    Edwards, R.H.T.4
  • 8
    • 0027093460 scopus 로고
    • Muscle temperature, contractile speed, and motoneuron firing rates during human voluntary contractions
    • Bigland-Ritchie B, Thomas CK, Rice CL, Howarth JV, Woods JJ. Muscle temperature, contractile speed, and motoneuron firing rates during human voluntary contractions. J Appl Physiol 73: 2457-2461, 1992.
    • (1992) J Appl Physiol , vol.73 , pp. 2457-2461
    • Bigland-Ritchie, B.1    Thomas, C.K.2    Rice, C.L.3    Howarth, J.V.4    Woods, J.J.5
  • 9
    • 0025782887 scopus 로고
    • Molecular and cellular adaptations of muscle in response to exercise: Perspectives of various models
    • Booth FW, Thomason DB. Molecular and cellular adaptations of muscle in response to exercise: perspectives of various models. Physiol Rev 71: 541-585, 1991.
    • (1991) Physiol Rev , vol.71 , pp. 541-585
    • Booth, F.W.1    Thomason, D.B.2
  • 10
    • 0011931723 scopus 로고
    • Membrane constants of mammalian muscle fibres
    • Boyd IA, Martin AR. Membrane constants of mammalian muscle fibres. J Physiol 147: 450-457, 1959.
    • (1959) J Physiol , vol.147 , pp. 450-457
    • Boyd, I.A.1    Martin, A.R.2
  • 11
    • 0019977493 scopus 로고
    • Contractile properties of the human triceps surae with some observations on the effects of temperature and exercise
    • Davies CT, Mecrow IK, White MJ. Contractile properties of the human triceps surae with some observations on the effects of temperature and exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 49: 255-269, 1982.
    • (1982) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.49 , pp. 255-269
    • Davies, C.T.1    Mecrow, I.K.2    White, M.J.3
  • 12
    • 0034018924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature effect on the force/velocity relationship of the fresh and fatigued human adductor pollicus muscle
    • De Ruiter CJ, De Haan A. Temperature effect on the force/velocity relationship of the fresh and fatigued human adductor pollicus muscle. Pflügers Arch 440: 163-170, 2000.
    • (2000) Pflügers Arch , vol.440 , pp. 163-170
    • De Ruiter, C.J.1    De Haan, A.2
  • 14
    • 0020000403 scopus 로고
    • Laser diffraction studies of sarcomere dynamics during 'isometric' relaxation in isolated muscle fibres of the frog
    • Edman KA, Flitney FW. Laser diffraction studies of sarcomere dynamics during 'isometric' relaxation in isolated muscle fibres of the frog. J Physiol 329: 1-20, 1982.
    • (1982) J Physiol , vol.329 , pp. 1-20
    • Edman, K.A.1    Flitney, F.W.2
  • 15
    • 0026769827 scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology of muscle fatigue
    • Enoka RM, Stuart DG. Neurobiology of muscle fatigue. J Appl Physiol 72: 1631-1648, 1992.
    • (1992) J Appl Physiol , vol.72 , pp. 1631-1648
    • Enoka, R.M.1    Stuart, D.G.2
  • 16
    • 0028107645 scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanisms of muscle fatigue
    • Fitts RH. Cellular mechanisms of muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev 74: 49-94, 1994.
    • (1994) Physiol Rev , vol.74 , pp. 49-94
    • Fitts, R.H.1
  • 17
    • 0038042363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation of muscle wisdom in the human adductor pollicis using physiological rates of stimulation
    • Fuglevand AJ, Keen DA. Re-evaluation of muscle wisdom in the human adductor pollicis using physiological rates of stimulation. J Physiol 549: 865-875, 2003.
    • (2003) J Physiol , vol.549 , pp. 865-875
    • Fuglevand, A.J.1    Keen, D.A.2
  • 18
    • 0034783773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue
    • Gandevia SC. Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev 81: 1725-1789, 2001.
    • (2001) Physiol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 1725-1789
    • Gandevia, S.C.1
  • 19
    • 13344276576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue: Evidence for suboptimal output from the motor cortex
    • Gandevia SC, Allen GM, Butler JE, Taylor JL. Supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue: evidence for suboptimal output from the motor cortex. J Physiol 490: 529-536, 1996.
    • (1996) J Physiol , vol.490 , pp. 529-536
    • Gandevia, S.C.1    Allen, G.M.2    Butler, J.E.3    Taylor, J.L.4
  • 20
    • 0028866773 scopus 로고
    • Central fatigue Critical issues, quantification and practical implications
    • Gandevia SC, Allen GM, McKenzie DK. Central fatigue Critical issues, quantification and practical implications. Adv Exp Med Biol 384: 281-294, 1995.
    • (1995) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.384 , pp. 281-294
    • Gandevia, S.C.1    Allen, G.M.2    McKenzie, D.K.3
  • 21
    • 0033572661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired response of human motoneurones to corticospinal stimulation after voluntary exercise
    • Gandevia SC, Petersen N, Butler JE, Taylor JL. Impaired response of human motoneurones to corticospinal stimulation after voluntary exercise. J Physiol 521: 749-759, 1999.
    • (1999) J Physiol , vol.521 , pp. 749-759
    • Gandevia, S.C.1    Petersen, N.2    Butler, J.E.3    Taylor, J.L.4
  • 22
    • 0025897579 scopus 로고
    • Elongation of skeletal muscle relaxation during exercise is linked to reduced calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in man
    • Gollnick PD, Korge P, Karpakka J, Saltin B. Elongation of skeletal muscle relaxation during exercise is linked to reduced calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in man. Acta Physiol Scand 142: 135-136, 1991.
    • (1991) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.142 , pp. 135-136
    • Gollnick, P.D.1    Korge, P.2    Karpakka, J.3    Saltin, B.4
  • 23
    • 0019732163 scopus 로고
    • The fatigue and voluntary discharge properties of single motor units in man
    • Grimby L, Hannerz J, Hedman B. The fatigue and voluntary discharge properties of single motor units in man. J Physiol 316: 545-554, 1981.
    • (1981) J Physiol , vol.316 , pp. 545-554
    • Grimby, L.1    Hannerz, J.2    Hedman, B.3
  • 25
    • 0023162350 scopus 로고
    • Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain
    • Hess CW, Mills KR, Murray NMF. Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain. J Physiol 388: 397-419, 1987.
    • (1987) J Physiol , vol.388 , pp. 397-419
    • Hess, C.W.1    Mills, K.R.2    Murray, N.M.F.3
  • 26
    • 0001678267 scopus 로고
    • The pressure developed in muscle during contraction
    • Hill AV. The pressure developed in muscle during contraction. J Physiol 107: 518-526, 1948.
    • (1948) J Physiol , vol.107 , pp. 518-526
    • Hill, A.V.1
  • 27
    • 73649200727 scopus 로고
    • The blood flow through active and inactive muscles of the forearm during sustained hand-grip contractions
    • Humphreys PW, Lind AR. The blood flow through active and inactive muscles of the forearm during sustained hand-grip contractions. J Physiol 166: 120-135, 1963.
    • (1963) J Physiol , vol.166 , pp. 120-135
    • Humphreys, P.W.1    Lind, A.R.2
  • 28
    • 33749323363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supraspinal fatigue does not explain the sex difference in muscle fatigue of maximal contractions
    • Hunter SK, Butler JE, Todd G, Gandevia SC, Taylor JL. Supraspinal fatigue does not explain the sex difference in muscle fatigue of maximal contractions. J Appl Physiol 101: 1036-1044, 2006.
    • (2006) J Appl Physiol , vol.101 , pp. 1036-1044
    • Hunter, S.K.1    Butler, J.E.2    Todd, G.3    Gandevia, S.C.4    Taylor, J.L.5
  • 29
    • 0014843604 scopus 로고
    • Rapid 'give' and the tension 'shoulder' in the relaxation of frog muscle fibres
    • P
    • Huxley AF, Simmons RM. Rapid 'give' and the tension 'shoulder' in the relaxation of frog muscle fibres. J Physiol 210: 32P-33P, 1970.
    • (1970) J Physiol , vol.210
    • Huxley, A.F.1    Simmons, R.M.2
  • 30
    • 0027177859 scopus 로고
    • Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction
    • Inghilleri M, Berardelli A, Cruccu G, Manfredi M. Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction. J Physiol 466: 521-534, 1993.
    • (1993) J Physiol , vol.466 , pp. 521-534
    • Inghilleri, M.1    Berardelli, A.2    Cruccu, G.3    Manfredi, M.4
  • 31
    • 0036374409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitation-contraction coupling and fatigue mechanisms in skeletal muscle: Studies with mechanically skinned fibres
    • Lamb GD. Excitation-contraction coupling and fatigue mechanisms in skeletal muscle: studies with mechanically skinned fibres. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 23: 81-91, 2002.
    • (2002) J Muscle Res Cell Motil , vol.23 , pp. 81-91
    • Lamb, G.D.1
  • 32
    • 0034306339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discharge behaviour of single motor units during maximal voluntary contractions of a human toe extensor
    • Macefield VG, Fuglevand AJ, Howell JN. Discharge behaviour of single motor units during maximal voluntary contractions of a human toe extensor. J Physiol 528: 227-234, 2000.
    • (2000) J Physiol , vol.528 , pp. 227-234
    • Macefield, V.G.1    Fuglevand, A.J.2    Howell, J.N.3
  • 33
    • 0020998418 scopus 로고
    • Muscular wisdom that minimizes fatigue during prolonged effort in man: Peak rates of motoneurone discharge and slowing of discharge during fatigue
    • edited by Desmedt JE. New York: Raven
    • Marsden CD, Meadows JC, Merton PA. "Muscular wisdom" that minimizes fatigue during prolonged effort in man: peak rates of motoneurone discharge and slowing of discharge during fatigue. In: Advances in Neurology. Motor Control Mechanisms in Health and Disease, edited by Desmedt JE. New York: Raven, 1983, vol. 39, p. 169-211.
    • (1983) Advances in Neurology. Motor Control Mechanisms in Health and Disease , vol.39 , pp. 169-211
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Meadows, J.C.2    Merton, P.A.3
  • 34
    • 0029807331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fatiguing maximal voluntary contraction on excitatory and inhibitory responses elicited by transcranial magnetic motor cortex stimulation
    • McKay WB, Stokic DS, Sherwood AM, Vrbova G, Dimitrijevic MR. Effect of fatiguing maximal voluntary contraction on excitatory and inhibitory responses elicited by transcranial magnetic motor cortex stimulation. Muscle Nerve 19: 1017-1024, 1996.
    • (1996) Muscle Nerve , vol.19 , pp. 1017-1024
    • McKay, W.B.1    Stokic, D.S.2    Sherwood, A.M.3    Vrbova, G.4    Dimitrijevic, M.R.5
  • 35
    • 0025331680 scopus 로고
    • Determination of esophageal probe insertion length based on standing and sitting height
    • Mekjavic IB, Rempel ME. Determination of esophageal probe insertion length based on standing and sitting height. J Appl Physiol 69: 376-379, 1990.
    • (1990) J Appl Physiol , vol.69 , pp. 376-379
    • Mekjavic, I.B.1    Rempel, M.E.2
  • 36
    • 34247873351 scopus 로고
    • The control of the membrane potential of muscle fibers by the sodium pump
    • Mullins LJ, Awad MZ. The control of the membrane potential of muscle fibers by the sodium pump. J Gen Physiol 48: 761-775, 1965.
    • (1965) J Gen Physiol , vol.48 , pp. 761-775
    • Mullins, L.J.1    Awad, M.Z.2
  • 37
    • 0014805030 scopus 로고
    • Effect of local temperature on the resting membrane potential in rat muscle
    • Nakanishi T, Norris FH Jr. Effect of local temperature on the resting membrane potential in rat muscle. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 28: 633-636, 1970.
    • (1970) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.28 , pp. 633-636
    • Nakanishi, T.1    Norris Jr, F.H.2
  • 38
    • 17444431193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sarcomeric determinants of striated muscle relaxation kinetics
    • Poggesi C, Tesi C, Stehle R. Sarcomeric determinants of striated muscle relaxation kinetics. Pflügers Arch 449: 505-517, 2005.
    • (2005) Pflügers Arch , vol.449 , pp. 505-517
    • Poggesi, C.1    Tesi, C.2    Stehle, R.3
  • 39
    • 0028342382 scopus 로고
    • Motor cortical inhibition and the dopaminergic system. Pharmacological changes in the silent period after transcranial brain stimulation in normal subjects, patients with Parkinson's disease and drug-induced parkinsonism
    • Priori A, Berardelli A, Inghilleri M, Accornero N, Manfredi M. Motor cortical inhibition and the dopaminergic system. Pharmacological changes in the silent period after transcranial brain stimulation in normal subjects, patients with Parkinson's disease and drug-induced parkinsonism. Brain 117: 317-323, 1994.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 317-323
    • Priori, A.1    Berardelli, A.2    Inghilleri, M.3    Accornero, N.4    Manfredi, M.5
  • 40
    • 0023253386 scopus 로고
    • Contractions of a human skeletal muscle at different temperatures
    • Ranatunga KW, Sharpe B, Turnbull B. Contractions of a human skeletal muscle at different temperatures. J Physiol 390: 383-395, 1987.
    • (1987) J Physiol , vol.390 , pp. 383-395
    • Ranatunga, K.W.1    Sharpe, B.2    Turnbull, B.3
  • 42
    • 27144495817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in glycolysis during brief, intense isometric contractions
    • Russ DW, Lanza IR, Rothman D, and Kent-Braun JA. Sex differences in glycolysis during brief, intense isometric contractions. Muscle Nerve 32: 647-655, 2005.
    • (2005) Muscle Nerve , vol.32 , pp. 647-655
    • Russ, D.W.1    Lanza, I.R.2    Rothman, D.3    Kent-Braun, J.A.4
  • 43
    • 0023035432 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and experimental application of the percutaneous twitch superimposition technique for the study of human muscle activation
    • Rutherford OM, Jones DA, Newham DJ. Clinical and experimental application of the percutaneous twitch superimposition technique for the study of human muscle activation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49: 1288-1291, 1986.
    • (1986) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 1288-1291
    • Rutherford, O.M.1    Jones, D.A.2    Newham, D.J.3
  • 44
    • 19444387973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining central activation failure and peripheral fatigue in the course of sustained maximal voluntary contractions: A model-based approach
    • Schillings ML, Stegeman DF, Zwarts MJ. Determining central activation failure and peripheral fatigue in the course of sustained maximal voluntary contractions: a model-based approach. J Appl Physiol 98: 2292-2297, 2005.
    • (2005) J Appl Physiol , vol.98 , pp. 2292-2297
    • Schillings, M.L.1    Stegeman, D.F.2    Zwarts, M.J.3
  • 45
    • 48249153186 scopus 로고
    • Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability
    • Shrout PE, Fleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull 86: 420-428, 1979.
    • (1979) Psychol Bull , vol.86 , pp. 420-428
    • Shrout, P.E.1    Fleiss, J.L.2
  • 47
    • 0020469717 scopus 로고
    • Temperature dependence of mammalian muscle contractions and ATPase activities
    • Stein RB, Gordon T, Shriver J. Temperature dependence of mammalian muscle contractions and ATPase activities. Biophys J 40: 97-107, 1982.
    • (1982) Biophys J , vol.40 , pp. 97-107
    • Stein, R.B.1    Gordon, T.2    Shriver, J.3
  • 48
    • 0031937650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Events of the excitation-contraction-relaxation (E-C-R) cycle in fast- and slow-twitch mammalian muscle fibres relevant to muscle fatigue
    • Stephenson DG, Lamb GD, Stephenson GM. Events of the excitation-contraction-relaxation (E-C-R) cycle in fast- and slow-twitch mammalian muscle fibres relevant to muscle fatigue. Acta Physiol Scand 162: 229-245, 1998.
    • (1998) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.162 , pp. 229-245
    • Stephenson, D.G.1    Lamb, G.D.2    Stephenson, G.M.3
  • 49
    • 0028861016 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of excitation-contraction coupling relevant to skeletal muscle fatigue
    • edited by Gandevia SG, Enoka RM, McComas AJ, and Stuart DG. New York: Plenum
    • Stephenson DG, Lamb GD, Stephenson GMM, Fryer MW. Mechanisms of excitation-contraction coupling relevant to skeletal muscle fatigue. In: Fatigue: Neural and Muscular Mechanisms, edited by Gandevia SG, Enoka RM, McComas AJ, and Stuart DG. New York: Plenum, 1995, p. 45-56.
    • (1995) Fatigue: Neural and Muscular Mechanisms , pp. 45-56
    • Stephenson, D.G.1    Lamb, G.D.2    Stephenson, G.M.M.3    Fryer, M.W.4
  • 50
    • 0033912818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supraspinal fatigue during intermittent maximal voluntary contractions of the human elbow flexors
    • Taylor JL, Allen GM, Butler JE, Gandevia SC. Supraspinal fatigue during intermittent maximal voluntary contractions of the human elbow flexors. J Appl Physiol 89: 305-313, 2000.
    • (2000) J Appl Physiol , vol.89 , pp. 305-313
    • Taylor, J.L.1    Allen, G.M.2    Butler, J.E.3    Gandevia, S.C.4
  • 51
    • 0030069208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in motor cortical excitability during human muscle fatigue
    • Taylor JL, Butler JE, Allen GM, Gandevia SC. Changes in motor cortical excitability during human muscle fatigue. J Physiol 490: 519-528, 1996.
    • (1996) J Physiol , vol.490 , pp. 519-528
    • Taylor, J.L.1    Butler, J.E.2    Allen, G.M.3    Gandevia, S.C.4
  • 52
    • 0033028954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered responses of human elbow flexors to peripheral-nerve and cortical stimulation during a sustained maximal voluntary contraction
    • Taylor JL, Butler JE, Gandevia SC. Altered responses of human elbow flexors to peripheral-nerve and cortical stimulation during a sustained maximal voluntary contraction. Exp Brain Res 127: 108-115, 1999.
    • (1999) Exp Brain Res , vol.127 , pp. 108-115
    • Taylor, J.L.1    Butler, J.E.2    Gandevia, S.C.3
  • 53
    • 14944338504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthermia: A failure of the motor cortex and the muscle
    • Todd G, Butler JE, Taylor JL, Gandevia SC. Hyperthermia: a failure of the motor cortex and the muscle. J Physiol 563: 621-631, 2005.
    • (2005) J Physiol , vol.563 , pp. 621-631
    • Todd, G.1    Butler, J.E.2    Taylor, J.L.3    Gandevia, S.C.4
  • 54
    • 0141746248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of voluntary activation of fresh and fatigued human muscles using transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Todd G, Taylor JL, Gandevia SC. Measurement of voluntary activation of fresh and fatigued human muscles using transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Physiol 551: 661-671, 2003.
    • (2003) J Physiol , vol.551 , pp. 661-671
    • Todd, G.1    Taylor, J.L.2    Gandevia, S.C.3
  • 55
    • 3042523241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducible measurement of voluntary activation of human elbow flexors with motor cortical stimulation
    • Todd G, Taylor JL, Gandevia SC. Reproducible measurement of voluntary activation of human elbow flexors with motor cortical stimulation. J Appl Physiol 97: 236-242, 2004.
    • (2004) J Appl Physiol , vol.97 , pp. 236-242
    • Todd, G.1    Taylor, J.L.2    Gandevia, S.C.3
  • 57
    • 0020424865 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic heat production in isometric ischaemic contractions of human adductor pollicis
    • Wiles CM, Edwards RH. Metabolic heat production in isometric ischaemic contractions of human adductor pollicis. Clin Physiol 2: 499-512, 1982.
    • (1982) Clin Physiol , vol.2 , pp. 499-512
    • Wiles, C.M.1    Edwards, R.H.2
  • 58
    • 0028951948 scopus 로고
    • Calcium exchange hypothesis of skeletal muscle fatigue: A brief review
    • Williams JH, Klug GA. Calcium exchange hypothesis of skeletal muscle fatigue: a brief review. Muscle Nerve 18: 421-434, 1995.
    • (1995) Muscle Nerve , vol.18 , pp. 421-434
    • Williams, J.H.1    Klug, G.A.2
  • 60
    • 0023198491 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a fatigue-induced reflex inhibition of motoneuron firing rates
    • Woods JJ, Furbush F, Bigland-Ritchie B. Evidence for a fatigue-induced reflex inhibition of motoneuron firing rates. J Neurophysiol 58: 125-137, 1987.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.58 , pp. 125-137
    • Woods, J.J.1    Furbush, F.2    Bigland-Ritchie, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.