Re-advance of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet during Heinrich Event 1

Marine Geology

Volumn 240, Issue 1-4, 2007, Pages 1-18

  Knies, Jochen ^a   Vogt, Christoph ^b   Matthiessen, Jens ^c   Nam, Seung Il ^d   Ottesen, Dag ^a   Rise, Leif ^a   Bargel, Terje ^a   Eilertsen, Raymond S ^a,e  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORWAY   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^c ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^d Korea Institute of Geosceince and Mineral Resources   (South Korea)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

Author keywords

deglaciation; Fennoscandian ice sheet; glacial geology; Heinrich events

Indexed keywords

DEGLACIATION; FENNOSCANDIAN ICE SHEET; HEINRICH EVENTS;

CATCHMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; CONSTRAINT THEORY; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; SEISMOLOGY;

BATHYMETRY;

BATHYMETRIC SURVEY; DEPOSITION; FJORD; GLACIER RETREAT; GLACIOMARINE DEPOSIT; GLOBAL CLIMATE; HEINRICH EVENT; ICE SHEET; ICE STREAM; LAST DEGLACIATION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SEISMIC DATA; WEICHSELIAN;

ARCTIC OCEAN; BARENTS SEA; EURASIA; EUROPE; FENNOSCANDIA; NORTHERN EUROPE; NORWAY; SCANDINAVIA; VESTFJORDEN;

EID: 34247868002     PISSN: 00253227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.01.006     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Alm T. Øvre-Æårsvatn-palynostratigraphy of a 22,000 to 10,000 B.P. lacustrine record on Andøya, northern Norway. Boreas 22 (1993) 171-188
2. Andersen B.G. Glacial geology of western Troms, north Norway. Nor. Geol. Unders. 256 (1968) 1-160
3. Andersen B.G., Mangerud J., Sørensen R., Reite A., Sveian H., Thoresen M., and Bergstrøm B. Younger Dryas ice marginal deposits in Norway. Quat. Int. 28 (1995) 147-169
4. Andersen E.S., Dokken T.M., Elverhøi A., Solheim A., and Fossen I. Late Quaternary sedimentation and glacial history of the western Svalbard margin. Mar. Geol. 133 (1996) 123-156
5. Andrews J.T. Abrupt changes (Heinrich events) in late Quaternary North Atlantic marine environments: a history and review of data and concepts. J. Quat. Sci. 13 (1998) 3-16
6. Andrews J.T., and Tedesco K. Detrital carbonate-rich sediments, northwestern Labrador Sea: implications for ice-sheet dynamics and iceberg rafting (Heinrich) events in the North Atlantic. Geology 20 (1992) 1087-1090
7. Bargel, T.H., 2003. Quaternary geological mapping of Central Fennoscandia and Nordland: deglaciation, deposition, stratigraphy and applications. Doktor Ingeniør Thesis. Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering, NTNU, 324 pp.
8. Bauch H.A., Erlenkeuser H., Spielhagen R.F., Matthiessen J., Thiede J., and Heinemeier J. A multiproxy reconstruction of the evolution of deep and surface waters in the sub arctic Nordic seas over the last 30.000 yr. Quat. Sci. Rev. 20 (2001) 659-678
9. Bergstrøm B., Olsen L., and Sveian H. The Tromsø-Lyngen glacial readvance (early Younger Dryas) at Hinnøya-Ofotfjorden, northern Norway. Nor. Geol. Unders. Bull. 445 (2005) 73-88
10. Björck S., Koç N., and Skog G. Consistently large marine reservoir ages in the Norwegian Sea during the Last Deglaciation. Quat. Sci. Rev. 22 (2003) 429-435
11. Bond G., et al. Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial period. Nature 360 (1992) 245-249
12. Bondevik S., Mangerud J., Birks H.H., Gulliksen S., and Reimer P. Changes in North Atlantic radiocarbon reservoir ages during the Allerød and Younger Dryas. Science 312 (2006) 1514-1517
13. Broecker W.S., Bond G.C., Klas M., Clark E., and McManus J.F. Origin of the northern Atlantic's Heinrich events. Clim. Dyn. 6 (1992) 265-273
14. Broecker W.S. Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change. Nature 372 (1994) 421-424
15. Boulton G.S. Sedimentary and sea level changes during glacial cycles and their control on glaciomarine facies architecture. In: Dowdeswell J.A., and Scourse J.D. (Eds). Glaciomarine Envrironments: Processes and Sediments. Geological Society Special Publication vol. 53 (1990) 15-52
16. Cacho I., Grimalt J.O., Pelejero C., Canals M., Sierro F.J., Flores J.A., and Shackleton N. Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich event imprints in Alboran Sea paleotemperatures. Paleoceanography 14 (1999) 698-705
17. Clark C.D. Large-scale ice-moulding: a discussion of genesis and glaciological significance. Sediment. Geol. 91 (1994) 253-268
18. Dahlgren K.I.T., and Vorren T. Sedimentary environment and glacial history during the last 40 ka of the Vøring continental margin, mid-Norway. Mar. Geol. 193 (2003) 93-127
19. Dokken T.M., and Jansen E. Rapid changes in the mechanism of ocean convection during the last glacial period. Nature 401 (1999) 458-461
20. Dowdeswell J.A., and Siegert M.J. Ice-sheet numerical modeling and marine geophysical measurements of glacier-derived sedimentation on the Eurasian Arctic continental margins. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 111 (1999) 1080-1097
21. Dowdeswell J.A., Kenyon N.H., Elverhøi A., Laberg J.S., Hollender F.-J., Mienert J., and Siegert M.J. Large-scale sedimentation on the glacier-influenced Polar North Atlantic margins: long-range side-scan sonar evidence. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 (1996) 3535-3538
22. Eide L.I. Evidence of a topographically trapped vortex on the Norwegian continental shelf. Deep Sea Res. 26 (1979) 601-621
23. Elverhøi A., and Solheim A. The Barents Sea ice-sheet: a sedimentological discussion. Polar Res. 1 (1983) 23-32
24. Elverhøi A., Fjeldskaar W., Solheim A., Nyland-Berg M., and Russwurm L. The Barents Sea ice sheet - a model of its growth and decay during the last ice maximum. Quat. Sci. Rev. 12 (1993) 863-873
25. Elverhøi A., Andersen E.S., Dokken T.M., Hebbeln D., Spielhagen R.F., Svendsen J.I., Sørflaten M., Rørnes A., Hald M., and Forsberg C.F. The growth and decay of the Late Wechselian Ice Sheet in western Svalbard and adjacent areas based on provenance studies of marine sediments. Quat. Res. 44 (1995) 303-316
26. Evans D., Harrison Z., Shannon P.M., Laberg J.S., Nielsen T., Ayers S., Holmes R., Hoult R.J., Lindberg B., Haflidason H., Long D., Kuijpers A., Andersen E.S., and Bryn P. Palaeoslides and other mass failures of Pliocene to Pleistocene age along the Atlantic continental margin of NW Europe. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 22 (2005) 1131-1148
27. Ganopolski A., and Rahmstorf S. Rapid changes of glacial climate simulated in a coupled climate model. Nature 409 (2001) 153-158
28. Geddes N.R., and Scott J.C. ROCKY WATER 93/6 Detailed ocean structure for the Vestfjord and adjacent regions. Defence Research Agency Report DRA/US/USSF/TM94021/1.0 (1994) 169 pp.
29. Görlich K., Weslawski J.M., and Zajaczkowski M. Suspension settling effect on macrobenthos biomass distribution in the Hornsund fjord, Spitsbergen. Polar Res. 5 (1987) 175-192
30. Grobe H. A simple method for determination of ice rafted debris in sediment cores. Polarforschung 57 (1987) 123-126
31. Grousset F.E., Labeyrie L., Sinko J.A., Cremer M., Bond G., Duprat J., Cortijo E., and Huon S. Patterns of ice rafted detritus in the glacial North Atlantic (40-55_N). Paleoceanography 8 (1993) 175-192
32. Gwiazda R.H., Hemming S.R., and Broecker W.S. Provenance of icebergs during Heinrich event 3 and the contrast to their sources during other Heinrich episodes. Paleoceanography 11 (1996) 371-378
33. Haflidason H., Lien R., Sejrup H.P., Forsberg C.F., and Bryn P. The dating and morphometry of the Storegga Slide. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 22 (2005) 123-136
34. Hald M., Dokken T.M., and Hagen S. Palaeoceanography on the European arctic margin during the last deglaciation, in Late Quaternary Paleoceanography of the North Atlantic Margin. In: Andrews J.T., Austin W.E.N., Bergsten H., and Jennings A. (Eds) (1996), Geological Society Special Publication, London 275-287
35. Hald M., and Aspeli R. Rapid climatic shifts of the northern Norwegian Sea during the last deglaciation and the Holocene. Boreas 26 (1997) 15-28
36. Hebbeln D., Dokken T.M., Andersen E.S., Hald M., and Elverhøi A. Moisture supply for northern ice-sheet growth during the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature 370 (1994) 357-359
37. Heinrich H. Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years. Quat. Res. 29 (1988) 142-152
38. Hemming S.R. Heinrich Events: massive late Pleistocene detritus layers of the North Atlantic and their global climate imprint. Rev. Geophys. 42 (2004) RG1005 10.1029/2003RG000128
39. Hjelstuen B.O., Sejrup H.P., Haflidason H., Nygård A., Ceramicola S., and Bryn P. Late Cenozoic glacial history and evolution of the Storegga slide area and adjacent slide flank regions, Norwegian continental margin. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 22 (2005) 57-69
40. Jokat W. The Expedition ARKTIS XVIII/2 of RV "Polarstern" in 2002 contributions of the participants. Rep. Polar Res. vol. 449 (2003) 146 pp.
41. Jones G.A., and Keigwin L.D. Evidence from Fram Strait (78° N) for early deglaciation. Nature 336 (1988) 56-59
42. Kleiber H.P., Knies J., and Niessen F. The Late Weichselian glaciation of the Franz Victoria Trough, northern Barents Sea: ice sheet extent and timing. Mar. Geol. 168 (2000) 25-44
43. Knies J., Vogt C., and Stein R. Late Quaternary growth and decay patterns of the Svalbard-Barents Sea ice sheet and paleoceanographic evolution in the adjacent Arctic Ocean. Geo Mar. Lett. 18 (1999) 195-202
44. Knies J., Kleiber H.-P., Matthiessen J., Müller C., and Nowaczyk N. Marine ice-rafted debris records constrain maximum extent of Saalian and Weichselian ice-sheets along the northern Eurasian margin. Glob. Planet. Change 31 (2001) 45-64
45. Knies J., Hald M., Ebbesen H., Mann U., and Vogt C. A deglacial-middle Holocene record of biogenic sedimentation and paleoproductivity changes from the northern Norwegian continental shelf. Paleoceanography 18 (2003) 1096 10.1029/2002PA000872
46. Koç N., and Jansen E. Response of the high latitude Northern Hemisphere to orbital climate forcing: evidence from the Nordic Seas. Geology 22 (1994) 523-526
47. Laberg J.S., and Vorren T.O. The middle and Late Pleistocene evolution of the Bear Island Trough Mouth Fan. Glob. Planet. Change 12 (1996) 309-330
48. Laberg J.S., Vorren T.O., Mienert J., Evans D., Lindberg B., Ottesen D., Kenyon N.H., and Henriksen S. Late Quaternary palaeoenvironment and chronology in the Trænadjupet Slide area offshore Norway. Mar. Geol. 188 (2002) 35-60
49. Laberg, J.S., Eilertsen, R.S., Salomonsen, G.R., Vorren, T.O., in press. Submarine push moraine formation during the early Fennoscandian Ice Sheet deglaciation. Quat. Res.s.
50. Larsen E., Kjær K., Demidov I.N., Funder S., Grøsfjeld K., Hnoumark-Nielsen M., Jensen M., Linge H., and Lyså A. Late Pleistocene glacial and lake history of northwestern Russia. Boreas 35 (2006) 394-424
51. Lehman S.J., Jones G.A., Keigwin L.D., Andersen E.S., Butenko G., and Østmo S.R. Initiation of Fennoscandian ice-sheet retreat during the last deglaciation. Nature 349 (1991) 513-516
52. Lekens W., Sejrup H.P., Haflidason H., Petersen G.Ø., Hjelstuen B.O., and Knorr G. Laminated sediments preceding Heinrich Event 1 in the Northern North Sea and Southern Norwegian Sea; origin, processes and regional linkage. Mar. Geol. 216 (2005) 27-50
53. Longva O., and Thorsnes T. Skagerrak in the past and at the present - an integrated study of geology, geochemistry, hydrography and microfossil ecology. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Special Publication vol. 8 (1997) 100 pp.
54. Løseth H., and Tveten E. Post-Caledonian structural evolution of the Lofoten and Vesterålen offshore and onshore areas. Nor. Geol. Tidsskr. 76 (1996) 215-230
55. Lubinski D.J., Korsun S., Polyak L., Forman S.L., Lehman S.J., and Herlihy F.A. The last deglaciation of the Franz Victoria Trough, northern Barents Sea. Boreas 25 (1996) 89-100
56. Mangerud J., Andersen S.V., Berglund B.E., and Donner J.J. Quaternary stratigraphy of Norden, a proposal for terminology and classification. Boreas 3 (1974) 109-128
57. McCabe A.M., and Clark P.U. Ice-sheet variability around the North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation. Nature 392 (1998) 373-377
58. McMullen K., Domack E., Leventer A., Olson C., Dunbar R., and Brachfeld S. Glacial morphology and sediment formation in the Mertz Trough, East Antarctica. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 231 (2006) 169-180
59. Melezhik V.A., Robert D., Gorokhov I.M., Fallick A.E., Zwaan K.B., Kuznetsov A.B., and Pokrovsky B.G. Isotopic evidence for a complex Neoproterozoic to Silurian rock assemblage in the North-Central Norwegian Caledonides. Precambrian Res. 114 (2002) 55-86
60. Melezhik V.A., Zwaan K.B., Motuza G., Robert D., Solli A., Fallick A.E., Gorokhov I.M., and Kuznetsov A.B. New insights into the geology of high-grade Caledonian marbles based on isotope chemostratigraphy. Nor. J. Geol. 83 (2003) 209-242
61. Mitchelson-Jacob G., and Sundby S. Eddies of Vestfjorden, Norway. Cont. Shelf Res. 21 (2001) 1901-1918
62. Norges Byggstandardiseringsråd. Geoteknisk prøving. Laboratoriemetoder. Bestemmelse av udrenert skjærstyrke ved konusprøving. Norsk Standard vol. 8015 (1988) 11 pp.
63. Nørgaard-Pedersen N., Spielhagen R.F., Thiede J., and Kassens H. Central Arctic surface environment during the past 80,000 years. Paleoceanography 13 (1998) 193-204
64. 14C ka. Boreas 33 (2004) 1-17
65. Nygård A., Sejrup H.P., Haflidason H., and Bryn P. The glacial North Sea Fan, southern Norwegian Margin: architecture and evolution from the upper continental slope to the deep-sea basin. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 22 (2005) 71-84
66. Ó Cofaigh C., and Dowdeswell J.A. Laminated sediments in glaciomarine environments: diagnostic criteria for their interpretation. Quat. Sci. Rev. 20 (2001) 1411-1436
67. Ó Cofaigh C., Taylor J., Dowdeswell J.A., and Pudsey C.J. Palaeo-ice streams, trough mouth fans and high latitude continental slope sedimentation. Boreas 32 (2003) 37-55
68. Olsen L. Mid and Late Weichselian ice-sheet fluctuations northwest of the Svartisen glacier, Nordland, northern Norway. Geol. Surv. Nor. Bull. 440 (2002) 39-52
69. Olsen L., Sveian H., van der Borg K., Bergstrøm B., and Broekmans M. Rapid and rhythmic ice sheet fluctuations in western Scandinavia 15-40 kyr - a review. Polar Res. 21 (2002) 235-242
70. Ottesen D., Rise L., Rokoengen K., and Sættem J. Glacial processes and large-scale morphology on the mid-Norwegian continental shelf. In: Martinsen O.J., and Dreyer T. (Eds). Sedimentary Environments Offshore Norway - Palaeozoic to Recent. NPF Spec. Publ vol. 10 (2001), Elsevier, Amsterdam 439-447
71. Ottesen D., Dowdeswell J.A., and Rise L. Submarine landforms and the reconstruction of fast-flowing ice streams within a large Quaternary ice sheet: the 2,500 km-long Norwegian-Svalbard margin (57°N to 80°N). Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 117 (2005) 1033-1050
72. Ottesen D., Rise L., Knies J., Olsen L., and Henriksen S. The Vestfjorden-Trænadjupet paleo-ice stream drainage system, mid-Norwegian continental shelf. Mar. Geol. 218 (2005) 175-189
73. Petschick R., Kuhn G., and Gingele F.X. Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South Atlantic: sources, transport, and relation to oceanography. Mar. Geol. 130 (1996) 203-229
74. Polyak L., Forman S.L., Herlihy F.A., Ivanov G., and Krinitsky P. Late Weichselian deglacial history of the Svyataya (Saint) Anna Trough, northern Kara Sea, Arctic Russia. Mar. Geol. 143 (1997) 169-188
75. Polyak L., and Solheim A. Late- and postglacial environments in the northern Barents Sea west of Franz Josef Land. Polar Res. 13 (1994) 197-207
76. Reite A. Weichselian and Holocene geology of Sør-Trøndelag and adjacent parts of Nord-Trøndelag country, Central Norway. Geol. Surv. Nor. Bull. 426 (1994) 1-30
77. Rise L., Ottesen D., Berg K., and Lundin E. Large-scale development of the mid-Norwegian shelf and margin during the last 3 million years. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 22 (2005) 33-44
78. Rise, L., Bøe, R., Lyså, A., Olsen, H.A., Sveian, H., in press. Quaternary stratigrpahy and deglaciation history of Trondheimsfjorden, central Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology.
79. Roberts D., and Gee D. An introdution to the structure of the Scandinavian Caledonides. In: Gee D.G., and Sturt B.A. (Eds). The Caledonide Orogen - Scandinavia and Related Areas. Part 1 (1985), Wiley, Chicester 55-68
80. Rokoengen K., and Sættem J. Shallow bedrock geology and Quaternary thickness off northern Helgeland, Vestfjorden and Lofoten. Continental Shelf Institute (IKU) Project report P-155/2/83 (1983)
81. Rokoengen K., and Frengstad B. Radiocarbon and seismic evidence of ice-sheet extent and the last deglaciation on the mid-Norwegian continental shelf. Nor. Geol. Tidsskr. 79 (1999) 129-132
82. Sarnthein M., Jansen E., Weinelt M., Arnhold M., Duplessy J.C., Erlenkeuser H., Flatøy A., Johannessen G., Jung S., Koç N., Labeyrie L., Maslin M., Pflaumann U., and Schulz H. Variations in Atlantic surface ocean paleoceanography, 50-80°N: a time-slice record of the last 30,000 years. Paleoceanography 10 (1995) 1063-1094
83. Sarnthein M., Stattegger K., Dreger D., Erlenkeuser H., Grootes P., Haupt B.J., Jung S., Kiefer T., Kuhnt W., Pflaumann U., Schäfer-Neth C., Schulz H., Schulz M., Seidov D., Simstich J., van Kreveld S., Vogelsang E., Völker A., and Weinelt M. Fundamental modes and abrupt changes in North Atlantic circulation and climate over the last 60 ky - concepts, reconstruction and numerical modeling, in the northern North Atlantic: a changing environment. In: Schäfer P., Ritzrau W., Schlüter M., and Thiede J. (Eds) (2001), Springer Verlag, Berlin 365-410
84. Schulz H., von Rad U., and Erlenkeuser H. Correlation between Arabian Sea and Greenland climate oscillations of the past 110,000 years. Nature 393 (1998) 54-57
85. Sejrup H.P., Haflidason H., Aarseth I., Forsberg C.F., King E., Long D., and Rokoengen K. Late Weichselian glaciation history of the northern North Sea. Boreas 23 (1994) 1-13
86. Sejrup H.P., Larsen E., Landvik J., King E.L., Haflidason H., and Nesje A. Quaternary glaciations in southern Fennoscandia: evidence from southwestern Norway and the northern North Sea region. Quat. Sci. Rev. 19 (2000) 667-685
87. Sejrup H.P., Larsen E., Haflidason H., Berstad I.M., Hjelstuen B.O., Jonsdottir H., King E.L., Landvik J., Longva O., Nygård A., Ottesen D., Raunholm S., Rise L., and Stalsberg K. Configuration, history and impact of the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream. Boreas 32 (2003) 18-36
88. Sejrup H.P., Hjelstuen B.O., Dahlgren K.I.T., Haflidason H., Kuijpers A., Nygård A., Praeg D., Stoker M.S., and Vorren T.O. Pleistocene glacial history of the NW European continental margin. Mar. Petrol. Geol, 22 (2005) 1111-1129
89. Stuiver M., Pearson G.W., and Braziunas T.F. Radiocarbon age calibration of marine samples back to 9000 cal. yr BP. Radiocarbon 28 (1986) 980-1021
90. Stuiver M., Reimer P.J., Bard E., Beck J.W., Burr G.S., Hughen K.A., Kromer B., McCormac G., van der Plicht J., and Spurk M. INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration, 24000-0 cal BP. Radiocarbon 40 (1998) 1041-1083
91. Svendsen J.I., and Mangerud J. Late Weichselian and Holocene sea-level history for a cross-section of western Norway. J. Quat. Sci. 2 (1987) 113-132
92. Svendsen J.I., and Mangerud J. Sea-level changes and pollen stratigraphy on the outer coast of Sunnmøre, western Norway. Nor. Geol. Tidsskr. 70 (1990) 111-134
93. Svendsen J.I., Elverhøi A., and Mangerud J. The retreat of the Barents Sea ice sheet on the western Svalbard margin. Boreas 25 (1996) 244-256
94. Tull J.F., Bartley J.M., Hodges K.V., Andresen A., Steltenpohl M.G., and White J.M. The Caledonides in the Ofoten region (68-69° N), north Norway: key aspects of tectonic evolution. In: Gee D.G., and Sturt B.A. (Eds). The Caledonide Orogen - Scandinavia and Related Areas. Part 1 (1985), Wiley, Chicester 553-568
95. Vogt C. Regional and temporal variations of mineral assemblages in Arctic Ocean sediments as climatic indicator during glacial/interglacial changes. Rep. Polar Res. vol. 251 (1997) 309 pp.
96. Vogt C., Knies J., Spielhagen R.F., and Stein R. Detailed mineralogical evidence for two nearly identical glacial/deglacial cycles and Atlantic water advection to the Arctic Ocean during the last 90,000 years. Glob. Planet. Change 31 (2001) 23-44
97. Vorren K.D., and Alm T. Late Weichselian and Holocene environments of lake Endletvatn, Andøya, northern Norway: as evidenced primarily by chemostratigraphical data. Boreas 28 (1999) 505-520
98. Vorren T.O., and Elvsborg A. Late Weichselian deglaciation and paleoenvironment of the shelf and coastal areas of Troms, north Norway - a review. Boreas 8 (1979) 247-253
99. Vorren T., and Plassen L. Deglaciation and palaeoclimate of the Andfjord-Vågsfjord area, North Norway. Boreas 31 (2002) 97-125
100. Vorren T.O., Edvardsen M., Hald M., and Thomsen E. Deglaciation of the continental shelf off southern Troms, North Norway. Nor. Geol. Unders. Bull. 380 (1983) 173-187
101. Vorren T.O., Hald M., and Lebesbye E. Late Cenozoic environment in the Barents Sea. Paleoceanography 3 (1988) 601-612
102. Wang Y.J., Cheng H., Edwards R.L., An Z.S., Wu J.Y., Shen C.-C., and Dorale J.A. A high-resolution absolute-dated late Pleistocene monsoon record from Hulu Cave, China. Science 294 (2001) 2345-2348