The art of the city: Modernism, censorship, and the emergence of Los Angeles's postwar art scene

American Quarterly

Volumn 56, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 663-691

  Schrank, Sarah ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247651556     PISSN: 00030678     EISSN: 10806490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/aq.2004.0043     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Art in America, April 1963, 127
2. Art News, March 1965, 29-61
3. Vogue, November 1, 1967, 184-233
4. Time, August 30, 1968, 38
5. New York Times, May 29, 1969
6. John Coplans, "Art Blooms," Vogue, November 1, 1967, 184-233
7. The Municipal Art Commission, Los Angeles Annual Report 1921-1929, Section 165, California File #128811, Huntington Library, San Marino, California
8. Artland 1.2 (May 1926): 7; California File #259694, Huntington Library, San Marino, California
9. Los Angeles Examiner, May 21, 1929
10. Kathryn Smith, "Frank Lloyd Wright, Hollyhock House, and Olive Hill, 1914-1924," Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, March 1979, 18-19
11. Edmund Teske, interviewed by Susan Larsen, California Oral History Project, Archives of American Art / Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., 1980, 45-46
12. letter from Aline Barnsdall to John Anson Ford, January 17, 1944, John Anson Ford Papers, Box 42, Folder BIII, 10d bb (1), Huntington Library, San Marino, California; Francis William Vreeland, "City Should Acquire All of Olive Hill," California Graphic, March 31, 1928, 5
13. California Art Club Scrapbook, Jan. 1928-July 31, 1928, Box 1/5, Archives of American Art / Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C
14. "Battle Over Barnsdall Gift: Owner Erects Huge Signs on Olive Hill Land," Los Angeles Express, September 8, 1931
15. "Battle Over Barnsdall Gift."
16. Mike Davis, City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles (London: Verso, 1990), 33-34
17. Shifra Goldman, "Siqueiros and Three Early Murals in Los Angeles," Art Journal 33.4 (summer 1974): 322-24
18. E. F. P. Coughlin, "Deportation Looms for Noted Mexican Artist on Eve of Greatest Triumph," miscellaneous newspaper clipping, October 8, 1932
19. Myer Schaffer, "Murals in Southern California," Jewish Community Press, September 3, 1937, 153-54, Myer Schaffer Papers, Archives of American Art/ Smithsonian Institution, West Coast Regional Center, San Marino, California
20. Schaffer, "Murals in Southern California," 154
21. Alma May Cook, "Beulah Woodard Masks Gain Attention," Los Angeles Herald Express, September 9, 1935
22. Jack Austin, "Dark Laughter in American Art: A Brief Appreciation of the Negro Artists of Southern California," Critic of Critics, May 1931, Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles County Scrapbook #17
23. Los Angeles Negro Art Association, First Annual Exhibition-Painting and Sculpture, Los Angeles, November 15 to 27, 1937, Anton Blazek Papers, Microfilm LA 8, #565, Archives of American Art/Smithsonian Institution, West Coast Regional Center, Huntington Library, San Marino, California
24. Public Relations Office, Cultural Affairs Department, City of Los Angeles, interview with Sandra Rivken by the author, February 20, 2001
25. "City Takes New Approach to Art," Los Angeles Times, April 23, 1951
26. Kenneth Ross, "Large Art Center City's Greatest Lack: Cultural Facilities Drop Behind Needs of Growing Population," Los Angeles Times, August 23, 1953
27. "Outdoor Art Shows Chairmen Appointed," California Eagle, September 14, 1950
28. "South Park Art Festival Success," California Eagle, October 19, 1950, Microfilm Reel No. 37, Southern California Library for Social Research, Los Angeles, California
29. "Reactions of Viewers at Art Show," Los Angeles Times, October 22, 1951
30. Building and Safety Committee Report, dated November 5, 1951, submitted to the city council on November 6, 1951, Council File No. 50460, Los Angeles City Archives
31. Public Hearings Proceedings, October 24, 1951, City Council File No. 50460, Los Angeles City Archives
32. "Art Exhibit at Griffith Park" hearings transcript, October 31, 1951, Council File No. 50460, Los Angeles City Archives
33. Building and Safety Committee Report
34. Ibid
35. Transcript of council proceedings, November 6, 1951, Council File No. 50460, Los Angeles City Archives
36. Art Commission Proposal for 1952-53 Fiscal Year, submitted by Kenneth Ross to the Building and Safety Committee, April 15, 1952, Council File No. 50460, Los Angeles City Archives
37. "Housing Row Echo Heard in Art Talk: City Councilmen's Ill Humor Bounces Back in Near Revival of Fracas over Paintings," Los Angeles Times, January 15, 1952
38. Letter to the city council from Kenneth Ross, Municipal Arts Department, December 30, 1953, Council File No. 61479, Los Angeles City Archives
39. "Art Row of '51 Recalled," Los Angeles Examiner, July 25, 1954
40. "Ex-Commissioner Contradicted."
41. "City Art Chief Denies Board OK'd Statue."
42. Telegram to the city council from Irving Stone, Beverly Hills, n.d., Council File No. 64746, Los Angeles City Archives
43. Letter to the city council from Richard F. Cassady, filed July 30, 1954, Council File No. 64746, Los Angeles City Archives
44. Letters to the city council from E. Nealund, the Highland Park Art Guild, the Women's Club of Hollywood, and F. A. Lydy, n.d., Council File 64746, Los Angeles City Archives
45. Los Angeles Examiner, January 21, 1955
46. New York Times, March 21, 1955
47. Herman Cherry, "Los Angeles Revisited," Arts Magazine, March 1956, 18
48. John Arthur Maynard, Venice West: The Beat Generation in Southern California (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1991)
49. Lawrence Lipton, The Holy Barbarians (New York: Julian Messner, 1959), preface
50. Patrick McNulty, "Beatniks and Venice Square Off in Fight," Los Angeles Times, August 3, 1959
51. Frank Laro, "Tourists Make Beatniks Flee Coffeehouses," Los Angeles Times, June 2, 1959
52. Los Angeles Mirror News, June 2, 1959
53. Nightclub owners' concern about the popularity of the coffeehouses encroaching on their business went so far as a $100,000 damage suit lodged against Herb Cohen for purposefully turning a nightclub into a "beatnik hang-out." "Judge Hears Beat Café Suit," Los Angeles Examiner, December 17, 1959
54. "All-Night Coffeehouses to Pay Entertainment Tax," Los Angeles Examiner, January 28, 1959
55. McNulty, "Beatniks and Venice"
56. "Judge Hears 'Beat' Café Suit."
57. "Spy Can't Wash," Los Angeles Examiner, January 25, 1960
58. "Beatnik Police Nab 85 in New York Dope Raids," New York Times, November 9, 1959
59. Laro, "Tourists Make Beatniks Flee."
60. Ted Thackery Jr., "Gas House Hearing a 'Drag, Man,'" Los Angeles Examiner, August 28, 1959
61. "Gas House Hearing: Beatniks Described as New Religion," Los Angeles Herald, September 3, 1959
62. Thackery Jr., "Gas House Hearing a 'Drag, Man.'"
63. "Gas House Operator Guilty-No License," Los Angeles Examiner, February 16, 1961. Serge Guilbaut, "The Bingo-Bongo Art Scene," Journal of the Los Angeles Institute of Contemporary Art 5 (April-May 1975)
64. Maynard, Venice West, 166-68
65. "Squaresville, U.S.A. vs. Beatsville," Life Magazine, September 1959
66. Arthur Millier, "Three Views of La Cienega," Los Angeles Magazine, July 1966, 31-33
67. Janice Lovoos, "Galleries in Los Angeles," Studio International, December 1963, 260-62
68. Gerald Nordland, "City's Amazing Art Expansion Evident in Tour of Galleries," Los Angeles Mirror, December 5, 1960
69. Henry J. Seldis, "L.A. Becomes Hub for Art: City West's Most Active Market; La Cienega Is 'Gallery Row,'" Los Angeles Times, February 8, 1959, part v, 12
70. Peter Selz, "Los Angeles," Arts Magazine, February 1958, 20-21
71. Seldis, "L.A. Becomes Hub for Art"
72. Nordland, "City's Amazing Art Expansion"
73. Alfred Frankfurter, "Los Angeles: The New Museum," Art News, March 1965, 30-63
74. John Coplans, "Los Angeles: The Scene," Art News, March 1965, 29-61
75. Grace Glueck, "Los Angeles Regains Vigor as an Art Center," New York Times, May 29, 1969
76. Edward Kienholz, interviewed by Lawrence Weschler, Los Angeles Art Community Oral History Project, University of California, Los Angeles, 1977, 287
77. Letter to the Municipal Finance Committee from the Mayor's Office, June 24, 1957, Council File No. 79872, Los Angeles City Archives
78. Letter to the Municipal Art Department from Sherman Sternberg
79. Kienholz, Los Angeles Art Community Oral History Project, 93-94
80. See Harvey Molotch, "L.A. as Design Product: How Art Works in a Regional Economy," in The City: Los Angeles and Urban Theory at the End of the Twentieth Century, ed. Allen J. Scott and Edward W. Soja (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), 225-75
81. Thomas Crow, The Rise of the Sixties: American and European Art in the Era of Dissent (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996)
82. Assemblage can mean paper collage, paintings containing non-art materials like string, broken glass, or ashes, or freestanding sculptures incorporating various mundane materials and objects of everyday life
83. Betty Turnbull, The Last Time I Saw Ferus (Newport Beach: Newport Harbor Art Museum, 1976), 7
84. Rebecca Solnit, Secret Exhibition: Six California Artists of the Cold War Era (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1990), 22
85. Richard Candida Smith, Utopia and Dissent: Art, Poetry, and Politics in California (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), 226
86. Smith, Utopia and Dissent, 227
87. Solnit, Secret Exhibition, 23
88. Turnbull, The Last Time I Saw Ferus, 7
89. Charles Brittin, discussion panel at the Getty Research Institute, November 18, 2003, author's notes
90. Jules Langsner, "Local Avant-Garde," Art News, November 1956
91. Langsner, "America's Second Art City," Art in Amenca, April 1963, 127
92. Glueck, "Los Angeles Retains Vigor as an Art Center."
93. Marjorie Rogers, interview with Matsumi Kanemitsu, Oral History Transcript, Oral History Program, University of California, Los Angeles, 1977
94. Lawrence Weschler and Joann Phillips, "At the Ferus Gallery, Irving Blum," Oral History Transcript, Oral History Program, University of California, Los Angeles, 1984, 93
95. Letter from Warren M. Dorn, Supervisor, Fifth District to Edward W. Carter, President, Boards of the County Arts, County of Los Angeles, March 17, 1966, Jan Butterfield Scrapbook, Archives of American Art/Smithsonian Institution, West Coast Regional Center, Huntington Library, San Marino, California
96. City Council Resolution presented by Councilmen John S. Gibson and Louis R. Nowell, March 29, 1966, City Council File No. 129016, Los Angeles City Archives
97. Harry Timborn, "Art Show to Open with Heavy Guard," Los Angeles Times, March 30, 1966
98. Davis, City of Quartz, 18
99. Philip J. Ethington, "Ghost Neighborhoods: Space, Time and Alienation in Los Angeles," in Looking for Los Angeles: Architecture, Film, Photography, and the Urban Landscape, ed. George G. Salas and Michael S. Roth (Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2001), 29