Forelimb stance and step cycle in Chasmosaurus irvinenesis (Dinosauria: Neoceratopsia)

Palaeontologia Electronica

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2007, Pages

  Thompson, Stefan ^a   Holmes, Robert ^b  

^a CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b CANADIAN MUSEUM OF NATURE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Chasmosaurus; Dinosaur; Gait; Limb stance; Locomotion; Neoceratopsid; Parasagittal; Step cycle

Indexed keywords

DINOSAUR; LIMB; LOCOMOTION; PALEONTOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; TETRAPOD;

CERATOPSIDAE; DINOSAURIA; MAMMALIA; NEOCERATOPSIA; TETRAPODA;

EID: 34247648216     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10948074     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Alexander, R.M. 1991. How dinosaurs ran. Scientific American, 264(4):62-68.
2. Bakker, R.T. 1968. The superiority of dinosaurs. Discovery, 3:11-22.
3. Bakker, R.T. 1975. Dinosaur renaissance. Scientific American, 232:58-78.
4. Bakker, R.T. 1986. The Dinosaur Heresies. William Morrow, New York.
5. Bakker, R.T. 1987. The return of the dancing dinosaurs, p. 38-69. In Czerkas, S.J. and Olson, E.C. (eds.), Dinosaurs Past and Present, Vol. 1. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
6. Benton, M.J. 2004. Origin and relationships of Dinosauria, p. 7-24. In Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.), The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkley.
7. Brinkman, D. 1980. Structural correlates of tarsal and metatarsal functioning in Iguana (Lacertilia; Iguanidae) and other lizards. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58:277-289.
8. Brown, B. 1917. A complete skeleton of the horned dinosaur Monoclonius and description of a second skeleton showing skin impressions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 37:281-306.
9. Brown, B., and Schlaikjer, E.M. 1937. The skeleton of Styracosaurus with the description of a new species. American Museum Novitates 955:1-12.
10. Dodson, P. 1996. The Horned Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
11. Dodson, P., and Farlow, J.O. 1997. The forelimb carriage of ceratopsid dinosaurs, p. 393-398. In Wolberg, D.L., Stump, E., and Rosenberg, G.D. (eds.), Dinofest International: proceedings of a symposium held at Arizona State University. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
12. Dodson, P., Forster, C., and Sampson, S. 2004. Ceratopsidae, p. 494-513. In Weishampel, D., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition), University of California Press, Los Angeles.
13. Erickson, B.R. 1966. Mounted skeleton of Triceratops prorsus in the Science Museum. Scientific Publications of the Science Museum, 1:1-16.
14. Fastovsky, D.E., and Smith, J.B. 2004. Dinosaur Paleoecology, p. 614-626. In Weishampel, D., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition), University of California Press, Los Angeles.
15. Ford, T. 1997. Ceratopsian stance, Dinosaur World, 1(3):12-17.
16. Forster, C.A., and Sereno, P. 1997. The Marginocephalia: a Common Ancestry, p. 317-329. In Farlow, J.O. and Brett-Surman, M.K. (eds.), The Complete Dinosaur, Indiana University Press, Blooming.
17. Hatcher, J.B., Marsh, O.C., and Lull, R.S. 1907. The Ceratopsia. U.S. Geological Survey Monograph, 49:1-300.
18. Hutchinson, J., and Gatesy, S. 2006. Beyond the bones. Nature 440: 292-294.
19. Garstka, W.R., and Burnham, D.A. 1997. Posture and stance of Triceratops: Evidence of digitigrade manus and cantilever vertebral column, p. 385-390. In Wolberg, D.L., Stump, E., and Rosenberg, G.D. (eds.), Dinofest International: proceedings of a symposium held at Arizona State University. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
20. Gilmore, C.W. 1905. The mounted skeleton of Triceratops prorsus. Proceedings United States National Museum, 29:433-435.
21. Holmes, R.B., Forster, C.A., Ryan, M., and Shepherd, K. 2001. A new species of Chasmosaurus from the Dinosaur Park Formation of southern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 38:1423-1438.
22. Johnson, R.E., and Ostrom, J.H. 1995. The forelimb of Torosaurus and an analysis of the posture and gait of ceratopsian dinosaurs, p. 205-218. In Thomason, J.J. (ed.), Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Palaeontology. Cambridge University Press, New York.
23. Lockley, M.G., and Hunt A.P. 1995. Ceratopsid tracks and associated ichnofauna from the Laramie Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Maastrichtian) of Colorado. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15(3):592-614.
24. Lull, R.S. 1933. A revision of the Ceratopsia, or horned dinosaurs. Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 3:1-175.
25. Marsh, O.C. 1891. Restoration of Triceratops and Brontosaurus. American Journal of Science, series 3, 41:339-342.
26. Osborn, H.G. 1933. Mounted skeleton of Triceratops elatus. American Museum Novitates, 654:1-14.
27. Paul, G.S. 1987. The science and art of restoring the life appearance of dinosaurs and their relatives: a rigorous how-to guide. p. 4-49. In Czerkas, S.J. and Olson, E.C. (eds.), Dinosaurs Past and Present, Vol. 2. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
28. Paul, G.S., and Christiansen, P. 2000. Forelimb posture in neoceratopsian dinosaurs: Implications for gait and locomotion. Paleobiology, 26(3):450-465.
29. Rega, E., and Holmes, R. 2006. Manual pathology indicative of locomotor behavior in two chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26, supplement to number 3:114A.
30. Sternberg, C.M. 1927. Horned dinosaur group in the National Museum of Canada. The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 41(4):67-73.
31. You, H., and Dodson, P. 2004. Basal Ceratopsia, p. 478-493. In Weishampel, D., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition), University of California Press, Los Angeles.