Parental emotion socialization in adolescence: Differences in sex, age and problem status

Social Development

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 326-342

  Klimes Dougan, Bonnie ^a,h   Brand, Ann E ^b   Zahn Waxler, Carolyn ^c   Usher, Barbara ^d   Hastings, Paul D ^e   Kendziora, Kimberly ^f   Garside, Rula B ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b CAMPBELL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

^e Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering   (Canada)

^f AMERICAN INSTITUTES FOR RESEARCH   (United States)

^g GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescence; Emotion; Parents; Socialization

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247608904     PISSN: 0961205X     EISSN: 14679507     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00387.x     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Achenbach, T. M. (1991a). Manual for the child behavior checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT : University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry.
2. Achenbach, T. M. (1991b). Manual for the youth self-report and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT : University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry.
3. Andersen, P. A. Guerrero, L. K. (1998). Handbook of communication and emotions: Research, theory, applications, and context. San Diego, CA : Academic Press.
4. Baumrind, D. (1991). The influences of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11, 56 95.
5. Brand, A. E., Mulvihill, J., Klimes-Dougan, B., Usher, B. A. Zahn-Waxler, C. (2005, April). Parent-adolescent conversations regarding sad and worrisome past events: The emotion discussion coding system. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Atlanta, GA.
6. Brody, L. R. Hall, J. A. (1993). Gender and emotion. In M. Lewis J. M. Haviland (Eds Handbook of emotions (pp. 447 460). New York : Guilford Press.
7. Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K. Teti, L. O. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. In N. A. Fox (Ed The development of emotion regulation: Biological and behavioral considerations. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3, Serial No. 240).
8. Crick, N. R. (1997). Engagement in gender normative versus gender non-normative forms of aggression: Links to social-psychological adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 67, 2317 2327.
9. Deater-Deckard, K., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E. Pettit, G. S. (1996). Physical discipline among African American and European American mothers: Links to children's externalizing behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 32, 1065 1072.
10. Denham, S. (1993). Maternal emotional responsiveness and toddlers' social-emotional competence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 715 728.
11. Denham, S. A., Caal, S., Bassett, H. H., Benga, O. Geangu, E. (2005). Listening to parents: Cultural variations in the meaning of emotions and emotion socialization. Cognitie Creier Comportament, 8, 321 349.
12. Denham, S. A., Workman, E., Cole, P. M., Weissbrod, C., Kendziora, K. Zahn-Waxler, C. (2000). Prediction of externalizing behavior problems from early to middle childhood: The role of parental socialization and emotion expression. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 23 45.
13. Dix, T. (1991). The affective organization of parenting: Adaptive and maladaptive processes. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 3 25.
14. Eagly, A. H. Steffen, V. J. (1986). Gender and aggressive behavior: A meta-analytic review of the social psychological literature. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 309 330.
15. Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A. Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 241 273.
16. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A. Murphy, B. C. (1996). Parents' reactions to children's negative emotions: Relations to children's social competence and comforting behavior. Child Development, 67, 2227 2247.
17. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C. Reiser, M. (1999). Parental reactions to children's negative emotions: Longitudinal relations to quality of children's social functioning. Child Development, 70, 513 534.
18. Ekman, P. (1984). Expression and the nature of emotion. In K. Scherer P. Ekman (Eds Approaches to emotion (pp. 319 343). Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum.
19. Fivush, R., Brotman, M., Buckner, J. Goodman, S. (2000). Gender differences in parent-child emotion narratives. Sex Roles, 42, 233 253.
20. Fredrickson, B. L. Branigan, C. (2001). Positive emotions. In T. J. Mayne G. A. Bonanno (Eds Emotions: Current issues and future directions: Emotions and Social Behavior (pp. 123 151). New York : Guildford Press.
21. Fuchs, D. Thelen, M. H. (1988). Children's expected interpersonal consequences of communicating their affective state and reported likelihood of expression. Child Development, 59, 1314 1322.
22. Garside, R. B. (2004). Parental socialization of discrete positive and negative emotions: Implications for emotional functioning. (Doctoral dissertation, The Catholic University of America, 2003). Dissertation Abstracts International, 65, 4828.
23. Garside, R. B. Klimes-Dougan, B. (2002). Socialization of discrete negative emotions: Sex differences and links with psychological distress. Sex Roles, 47, 115 128.
24. Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., et al 1999). Brain development during childhood and adolescence: A longitudinal MRI study. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 861 863.
25. Goodenough, F. L. (1931). Anger in young children. Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press.
26. Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F. Hooven, C. (1997). Meta-emotion: How families communicate emotionally. Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
27. Greenberg, M. Beck, A. T. (1990). Cognitive approaches to psychotherapy: Theory and therapy. In R. Plutchik H. Kellerman (Eds Emotion, psychopathology, and psychotherapy: Emotion: Theory, research, and experience (Vol. 5, pp. 177 194). San Diego, CA : Academic Press.
28. Greenberg, M. T., Susche, C. A., Cook, E. T. Quamma, J. P. (1995). Promoting emotional competence in school-aged children: The effects of the PATHS curriculum. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 117 136.
29. Greene, A. L. (1990). Patterns of affectivity in the transition to adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 50, 340 356.
30. Gross, J. J. Munoz, R. F. (1995). Emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2, 151 164.
31. Halberstadt, A. G. (1991). Socialization of expressiveness: Family influences in particular and a model in general. In R. S. Feldman B. Rime (Eds Fundamentals of emotional expressiveness (pp. 106 162). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
32. Harris, P. L. (1985). What children know about the situations that provoke emotion. In M. Lewis C. Saarni (Eds The socialization of emotions (pp. 161 186). New York : Plenum.
33. Holden, G. W. Edwards, I. A. (1987). Parental attitudes toward child rearing: Instruments, issues, and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 29 58.
34. Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four factor index of social status. Unpublished manuscript, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
35. Izard, C. E. (1991). The psychology of emotions. New York : Plenum Press.
36. Izard, C. E. (2002). Translating emotion theory and research into preventive interventions. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 796 824.
37. Jenkins, J. M. Oatley, K. (2000). Psychopathology and short-term emotion: The balance of affects. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 463 472.
38. Katz, L. F., Wilson, B. Gottman, J. M. (1999). Meta-emotion philosophy and family adjustment: Making an emotional connection. In M. J. Cox J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds Conflict and cohesion in families: Causes and consequences (pp. 131 165). New York : Erlbaum.
39. Klimes-Dougan, B., Brand, A. Garside, R. B. (2001, August). Factor structure, reliability, and validity of an emotion socialization scale. In C. O'Neal (Chair Multiple approaches to emotion socialization: Methodology and emotional development. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
40. Klimes-Dougan, B., Hastings, P. D., Granger, D. A., Usher, B. A. Zahn-Waxler, C. (2001). Adrenocortisol activity in at-risk and normally developing adolescents: Individual differences in salivary cortisol basal levels, diurnal variation, and response to social challenges. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 695 719.
41. Klimes-Dougan, B., Pak, V., Garside, R. Vo, H. (2007). Emotion socialization in Asian-American cultures. Manuscript submitted for publication.
42. Larson, R. W., Richards, M. H., Moneta, G., Holmbeck, G. Duckett, E. (1996). Changes in adolescents' daily interactions with their families from ages 10 to 18: Disengagement and transformation. Developmental Psychology, 32, 744 754.
43. Lytton, H. Romney, D. M. (1991). Parents' differential socialization of boys and girls: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 267 296.
44. Magai, C. M. (1996). Emotions as a child self-rating scale. Unpublished measure, Long Island University, New York.
45. Magai, C. M. (1997 Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the emotions as a child self-rating scale Unpublished raw data.
46. Malatesta, C. Z. Haviland, J. M. (1982). Learning display rules: The socialization of emotion expression in infancy. Child Development, 53, 991 1003.
47. Malatesta, C. Z. Wilson, A. (1988). Emotion cognition interaction in personality development: A discrete emotions, functionalist analysis. British Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 91 112.
48. Malatesta-Magai, C. (1991). Emotional socialization: Its role in personality and developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti S. L. Toth (Eds Internalizing and externalizing expressions of dysfunction (pp. 203 224). Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
49. Nottelmann E. D. Jensen, P. S. (1995). Comorbidity of disorders in children and adolescents. In T. H. Ollendick R. J. Prinz (Eds Developmental perspectives. Advances in clinical child psychology Vol. 17, pp 109 155). New York : Plenum Press.
50. O'Neal, C. Malatesta-Magai, C. (2005). Do parents respond in different ways when children feel different emotions? The emotional context of parenting. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 467 487.
51. Paulson, S. E. Sputa, C. L. (1996). Patterns of parenting during adolescence: Perceptions of adolescents and parents. Adolescence, 31, 369 381.
52. Phares, V. (1992). Where's poppa? The relative lack of attention to the role of fathers in child and adolescent psychology. American Psychologist, 47, 407 413.
53. Race, E. Brand, A. E. (2003, April). Parental personality and its relationship to socialization of sadness in children. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Tampa, FL.
54. Saarni, C. (1985). Indirect processes in affect socialization. In M. Lewis C. Saarni (Eds The socialization of emotions (pp. 187 209). New York : Plenum.
55. Saarni, C. (1993). Socialization of emotions. In M. Lewis J. M. Haviland (Eds Handbook of emotions (pp. 435 446). New York : Guilford Press.
56. Savin-Williams, R. C. Berndt, T. J. (1990). Friendship and peer relations. In S. S. Feldman G. R. Elliott (Eds At the threshold: The developing adolescent (pp. 277 307). Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
57. Siegal, M. (1987). Are sons and daughters treated more differently by fathers than by mothers? Developmental Review, 7, 183 209.
58. Stark, K. D., Napolitano, S., Swearer, S., Schmidt, K., Jaramilo, D. Hoyle, J. (1996). Issues in the treatment of depressed children. Applied and Preventative Psychology, 5, 59 83.
59. Suveg, C., Zeman, J., Flanner-Schroeder, E. Cassano, M. (2005). Emotion socialization in families of children with an anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33, 145 155.
60. Tomkins, S. S. (1962). Affect, imagery, consciousness. Vol. I. The positive affects. New York : Springer.
61. Tomkins, S. S. (1963). Affect, imagery, consciousness. Vol. II. The negative affects. New York : Springer.
62. Tomkins, S. S. McCarter, R. (1964). What and where are the primary affects? Some evidence for a theory. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 18, 119 158.
63. Wagner, B. Klimes-Dougan, B. (2002, April). Emotion regulation in families of adolescents: Concepts, prevention, and treatment. Workshop presented at the American Association of Suicidology, Washington, DC.
64. Zahn-Waxler, C. (2000). The development of empathy, guilt, and internalization of distress. In R. Davidson (Ed Wisconsin symposium on emotion: Vol. I. Anxiety, depression, and emotion (pp. 222 265). New York : Oxford University Press.
65. Zahn-Waxler, C., Klimes-Dougan, B., Hastings, P., Duggal, S., Gruber, R., Usher, B., et al 2001). The role of emotion in the development of psychopathology: Protocol #97-M-0116. Bethesda, MD : National Institute of Mental Health.
66. Zahn-Waxler, C., Klimes-Dougan, B. Slattery, M. (2000). Internalizing problems of childhood and adolescence: Prospects, pitfalls, and progress in understanding the development of anxiety and depression. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 443 466.