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Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 253-272

Party-building on the heels of war: El Salvador Bosnia, Kosovo and Mazambique

(1)  Manning, Carrie a  

a NONE

Author keywords

Bosnia; Civil war; Kosovo; Mozambique; Party development; Party building; Post conflict

Indexed keywords

CIVIL WAR; DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION; DEMOCRATIZATION; PARTY POLITICS; POST-WAR; POWER RELATIONS;

EID: 34247593411     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: 1743890X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510340701245777     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (74)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 34247603341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • There is another set of armed opposition groups whose transformation into political parties led them directly into government as the ruling party. They are likely to face a distinct set of challenges and thus are beyond the scope of this paper. These include the National Resistance Movement (NRM) in Uganda, the ruling parties in Ethiopia and Eritrea, and Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Liberation Front (NPLF) in Liberia. We expect the transitions of these parties to be qualitatively different from those of parties that transition into opposition, for a number of reasons. First and foremost, the problem of finding adequate financial resources is eased, the advantages of incumbency attach to them in electoral competitions, and consequently challenges from within and without are likely to be less than for parties that are in transition to opposition from the battlefield. On the other hand, these parties face the pressures that go with governing: The need to produce results for road-based constituencies (the public in general) while assuaging the demands of those within the party, pressures for economic and political reform from external actors, and so on.
  • 2
    • 34247561031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • SDS and HDZ are both parties that are legal and to a certain extent active throughout the entire Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, for each party, their primary arena of electoral competition has been one entity - the Federation for HDZ, and the Republika Srpska for SDS.
  • 3
    • 3543078753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Armed Opposition Groups into Political Parties: Comparing Bosnia, Kosovo and Mozambique'
    • Carrie Manning, 'Armed Opposition Groups into Political Parties: Comparing Bosnia, Kosovo and Mozambique', Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol. 39, No.1 (2004), pp. 58-74.
    • (2004) Studies in Comparative International Development , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-74
    • Manning, C.1
  • 4
    • 0003709810 scopus 로고
    • For discussion of the concepts of selective and collective incentives and their importance in party development, see (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965)
    • For discussion of the concepts of selective and collective incentives and their importance in party development, see Angelo Panebianco, Political Parties: Organization and Power (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965).
    • (1988) Political Parties: Organization and Power
    • Panebianco, A.1
  • 6
    • 0004223952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See also Gosta Esping-Andersen's study of socialist parties in Western Europe, Esping-Andersen (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)
    • See also Gosta Esping-Andersen's study of socialist parties in Western Europe, Esping-Andersen, Politics Against Markets: The Social Democratic Road to Power (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
    • Politics Against Markets: The Social Democratic Road to Power
  • 7
    • 34247583859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Party Development and Democratic Change in Post-Communist Europe'
    • For a sampling of the voluminous literature on party system development, see in: Larry Diamond and Richard Gunther (eds), (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press)
    • For a sampling of the voluminous literature on party system development, see Paul Lewis, 'Party Development and Democratic Change in Post-Communist Europe', in: Larry Diamond and Richard Gunther (eds), Political Parties and Democracy (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002)
    • (2002) Political Parties and Democracy
    • Lewis, P.1
  • 10
    • 3543078753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Armed Opposition Groups into Political Parties: Comparing Bosnia, Kosovo and Mozambique'
    • The discussions of Renamo, the KLA, HDZ and SDS in this section draw heavily on Carrie Manning
    • The discussions of Renamo, the KLA, HDZ and SDS in this section draw heavily on Carrie Manning (note 3).
    • (2004) Studies in Comparative International Development , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-74
    • Manning, C.1
  • 11
    • 0031867955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Constructing Opposition in Mozambique: Renamo as Political Party'
    • For a more detailed discussion, see
    • For a more detailed discussion, see Carrie Manning, 'Constructing Opposition in Mozambique: Renamo as Political Party', Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 24, No. 1 (1998), pp. 161-89.
    • (1998) Journal of Southern African Studies , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 161-189
    • Manning, C.1
  • 12
    • 34247554698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid
    • Ibid.
  • 13
    • 23844432158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Elite Habituation to Democracy in Mozambique: The View from Parliament, 1994-2000'
    • For a fuller discussion of Renamo's party development in these respects, see
    • For a fuller discussion of Renamo's party development in these respects, see Carrie Manning, 'Elite Habituation to Democracy in Mozambique: The View from Parliament, 1994-2000', Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Vol.40, No.1 (2002), pp.61-80
    • (2002) Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-80
    • Manning, C.1
  • 14
    • 23844441499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Continuidade na Renovação? Ten Years of Multiparty Politics in Mozambique: Roots, Evolution and Stabilization of the Frelimo-Renamo Party System'
    • Giovanni M. Carbone, 'Continuidade na Renovação? Ten Years of Multiparty Politics in Mozambique: Roots, Evolution and Stabilization of the Frelimo-Renamo Party System', Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol.43, No.3 (2005), pp.1-26.
    • (2005) Journal of Modern African Studies , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-26
    • Carbone, G.M.1
  • 16
    • 3543101840 scopus 로고
    • 'Dhlakama e' Maningue Nice: An Atypical Former Guerrilla in the Mozambican Presidential Race'
    • This apt phrase was coined in relation to Renamo by Michel Cahen. See (Paris: Karthala)
    • This apt phrase was coined in relation to Renamo by Michel Cahen. See Cahen, 'Dhlakama e' Maningue Nice: An Atypical Former Guerrilla in the Mozambican Presidential Race', L'Afrique Politique (Paris: Karthala, 1995).
    • (1995) L'Afrique Politique
    • Cahen1
  • 17
    • 0003591482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the history of the KLA see (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press)
    • On the history of the KLA see Tim Judah, Kosovo: War and Revenge (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000)
    • (2000) Kosovo: War and Revenge
    • Judah, T.1
  • 21
    • 0004146603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (New York and London: New York University Press)
    • Noel Malcolm, Kosovo: A Short History (New York and London: New York University Press, 1998).
    • (1998) Kosovo: A Short History
    • Malcolm, N.1
  • 22
    • 3543105329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Kosovo: Landmark Election'
    • International Crisis Group
    • International Crisis Group, 'Kosovo: Landmark Election', Balkans Report No.120 (2001).
    • (2001) Balkans Report No.120
  • 23
    • 34247607526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Author interviews, US chief of mission in Pristina, UK advisor to the KPF in Pristina, July
    • Author interviews, US chief of mission in Pristina, UK advisor to the KPF in Pristina, July 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 24
    • 33646524618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Crisis Group August
    • International Crisis Group, Kosovo Report Card, August 2000, p.18.
    • (2000) Kosovo Report Card , pp. 18
  • 25
    • 34247633874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a concise account of the parties and their standing in these elections, see ICG (21 November)
    • For a concise account of the parties and their standing in these elections, see ICG, Kosovo: Landmark Election, No.120 (21 November 2001).
    • (2001) Kosovo: Landmark Election , Issue.120
  • 26
    • 0041706309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Travails of the European Raj'
    • See
    • See Gerald Knaus and Felix Martin, 'Travails of the European Raj', Journal of Democracy, Vol.14, No.2 (2003), pp.60-74
    • (2003) Journal of Democracy , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 60-74
    • Knaus, G.1    Martin, F.2
  • 27
    • 1942530762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Elections and Political Change in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina'
    • Carrie Manning, 'Elections and Political Change in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina', Democratization, Vol.11, No.2 (2004), pp.60-86
    • (2004) Democratization , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 60-86
    • Manning, C.1
  • 29
    • 85050715145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Peacebuilding and Consociational Electoral Engineering in Bosnia-Herzegovina'
    • Roberto Belloni, 'Peacebuilding and Consociational Electoral Engineering in Bosnia-Herzegovina', International Peacekeeping, Vol.11, No.2 (2004), pp.334-53.
    • (2004) International Peacekeeping , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 334-353
    • Belloni, R.1
  • 31
    • 1942530762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Elections and Political Change in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina'
    • There is not space here to go into details on this issue, which is a fascinating one. It is discussed at length in Manning
    • There is not space here to go into details on this issue, which is a fascinating one. It is discussed at length in Manning (note 17).
    • (2004) Democratization , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 60-86
    • Manning, C.1
  • 32
    • 34247582101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detailed accounts of politics in the Republika Srpska can be found in several reports by the International Crisis Group. See ICG (18 December
    • Detailed accounts of politics in the Republika Srpska can be found in several reports by the International Crisis Group. See ICG, Bosnia's November Elections: Dayton Stumbles No.104 (18 December 2000)
    • (2000) Bosnia's November Elections: Dayton Stumbles , Issue.104
  • 38
    • 34247569214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Author interview, 15 June Banja Luka, RS
    • Author interview, 15 June 2001, Banja Luka, RS.
    • (2001)
  • 40
    • 34247597638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Post War Transitions: Elections and Political Parties in El Salvador and Nicaragua'
    • prepared for presentation at Guadalajara, Mexico, 17-19 April
    • Jack Spence, 'Post War Transitions: Elections and Political Parties in El Salvador and Nicaragua', prepared for presentation at the Latin American Studies Association Congress, Guadalajara, Mexico, 17-19 April, 1997.
    • (1997) The Latin American Studies Association Congress
    • Spence, J.1
  • 41
    • 34247557873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid
    • Ibid.
  • 42
    • 34247645311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This section is based on field work in San Salvador in September
    • This section is based on field work in San Salvador in September 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 43
    • 34247615824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Cisma en el FMLN: Facundo deja coordinacion'
    • 16 March
    • 'Cisma en el FMLN: Facundo deja coordinacion', La Prensa Grafica, 16 March, 1999.
    • (1999) La Prensa Grafica
  • 44
    • 34247627175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Author interview, Santa Tecla, 20 September
    • Author interview, Santa Tecla, 20 September, 2004.
    • (2004)
  • 46
    • 34247578417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview
    • in (21 March)
    • Interview in La Prensa Grafica, (21 March 2003).
    • (2003) La Prensa Grafica
  • 47
    • 34247605271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Author interview 20 September
    • Author interview, Santa Tecla, 20 September 2004.
    • (2004) Santa Tecla


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