The physics of spin: Sputnik politics and American physicists in the 1950s

Social Research

Volumn 73, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 1225-1252

  Kaiser, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247586016     PISSN: 0037783X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (65)

1. The following abbreviation is used - EH - for the Elmer Hutchisson Papers, Niels Bohr Library, American Institute of Physics, College Park, Maryland. Items from this collection will be cited by box and folder number as "EH x: y," for box x and folder y.
2. Ailes, Catherine P. and Francis W. Rushing. The Science Race: Training and Utilization of Scientists and Engineers, US and USSR. New York: Crane Russak, 1982.
3. Allison, Samuel K. "Science and Scientists as National Assets." Talk before Chicago Teachers Union. 19 Apr. 1958. Samuel King Allison Papers, Box 24, Folder 11, Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.
4. American Institute of Physics. "Translation Survey." 30 Nov. 1954. EH 13:35.
5. _. Memorandum. "Comments on Translated Soviet Journals." 7 Jan. 1958. EH 13:32.
6. _. "Foreign Language Requirement for Doctoral Degrees in Physics." American Institute of Physics Educational Newsletter 4:5 (30 March 1961): 2.
7. Bacher, Robert F. Letter to Harold A. Fidler. 18 July 1956. Robert F. Bacher Papers, Box 41, Folder 23, California Institute of Technology Archives, Pasadena, Calif.
8. _. Letter to Melvin Abrahams. 23 Feb. 1961. Robert F. Bacher Papers, Box 41, Folder 23, California Institute of Technology Archives, Pasadena, Calif.
9. Barton, Henry A. "Memorandum. Subject: Soviet Physics-JETP." 23 Sep. 1955. EH 13:34.
10. Bethe, Hans. "Notes for a Talk on Science Education." Not dated; ca. April 1958. Hans A. Bethe Papers, Box 5, Folder 4, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.
11. Beyer, Robert T. Letter to Henry Barton. 7 Oct. 1955. EH 13:30.
12. _. "Report of Russian Translation Project." 27 Jan. 1956a. EH 13:34.
13. _. Letter to Elmer Hutchisson, Dwight Gray, Morton Hammermesh, Victor Rojansky, and Victor Weisskopf. 20 Aug. 1956b. EH 13:34.
14. _. "Report of Soviet Physics JETP for 1956." 25 Jan. 1957. EH 13:30.
15. Bigart, Homer. "Soviet Progress in Science Cited." New York Times, 1 Nov. 1957: 3.
16. Blackmer, Donald M. The MIT Center for International Studies: The Founding Years, 1951-1969. Cambridge: MIT Center for International Studies, 2002.
17. Clohessy, William H. Letter to Hans Bethe. 24 Nov. 1948. Hans A. Bethe Papers, Box 10, Folder 15, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.
18. Clowse, Barbara B. Brainpower for the Cold War: The Sputnik Crisis and the National Defense Education Act of 1958. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981.
19. Corson, Edward M. "An Analysis of the 5-Year Physics Program at Moscow State University." Information on Education Around the World 11 (Feb. 1959): 1-43.
20. DeWitt, Nicholas. "Professional and Scientific Personnel in the U.S.S.R." Science 120 (2 July 1954): 1-4.
21. _. Soviet Professional Manpower: Its Education, Training, and Supply. Washington, D.C.: National Science Foundation, 1955.
22. _. Education and Professional Employment in the USSR. Washington, D.C.: National Science Foundation, 1961.
23. Divine, Robert. The Sputnik Challenge: Eisenhower's Response to the Soviet Satellite. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
24. Engerman, David. "The Ironies of the Iron Curtain: The Cold War and the Rise of Russian Studies in the United States." Cahiers du Monde Russe 45 (July-Dec. 2004): 465-496.
25. _. Know Your Enemy: America's Russia Experts and the Making of the Cold War. New York: Oxford University Press, forthcoming.
26. Evans, Rowland. "Reds Near 10-1 Engineer Lead." Washington Post, 3 Nov. 1957: A14.
27. Fine, Benjamin. "Russia Is Overtaking U.S. in Training of Technicians." New York Times, 7 Nov. 1954: 1, 80.
28. Galison, Peter. Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
29. Geiger, Roger L. Research and Relevant Knowledge:American Research Universities since World War II. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
30. Hechinger, Fred M. "U.S. vs. Soviet: Khrushchev's New School Program Points Up the American Lag." New York Times, 3 July 1960: E8.
31. Hollinger, David. "The Defense of Democracy and Robert K. Merton's Formulation of the Scientific Ethos." Knowledge and Society: Studies in the Sociology of Culture Past and Present 42 (1983): 1-15.
32. _. "Science as a Weapon in Kulturkämpfe in the United States during and after World War II." Isis 86 (1995): 440-454.
33. Hutchisson, Elmer. "Final Report: American Institute of Physics Translation Survey." 6 Oct. 1954. EH: 13:35.
34. _. Letter to Robert T. Beyer. 24 Oct. 1955. EH 13:30.
35. _. Letter to Robert T. Beyer. 4 Sep 1956. EH 13:34.
36. _. Memo to American Institute of Physics Advisory Committee on Education. 4 Dec. 1957a. EH 3:3.
37. _. First draft of form letter. 19 Nov. 1957b. EH 13:32.
38. _. Second draft of form letter. Not dated; ca. Dec. 1957c. EH 13:32.
39. Jackson, Henry M. "Trained Manpower for Freedom." 19 Aug. 1957; released 5 Sep. 1957. Princeton University Department of Physics Records, Box 2, Folder "Scientific Manpower." Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.
40. Kaiser, David. "Nuclear Democracy: Political Engagement, Pedagogical Reform, and Particle Physics in Postwar America." Isis 93 (2002a): 229-268.
41. _. "Cold War Requisitions, Scientific Manpower, and the Production of American Physicists after World War II." Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 33 (2002b): 131-159.
42. _. American Physics and the Cold War Bubble. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, forthcoming.
43. Kevles, Daniel. "Preface, 1995: The Death of the Superconducting Super Collider in the Life of American Physics." In Kevles, The Physicists: The History of a Scientific Community in Modern America. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.
44. Knoll, Erwin. "U.S. Schools Must Do More: Red 'Training' Isn't Enough." Washington Post, 29 Dec. 1957: E6.
45. Korol, Alexander. Soviet Education for Science and Technology. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1957.
46. Krige, John. "NATO and the Strengthening of Western Science in the Post-Sputnik Era." Minerva 38 (2000): 81-108.
47. Lubell, Samuel. "Sputnik and American Public Opinion." Columbia University Forum (Winter 1957): 16-17.
48. Lucena, Juan. Defending the Nation: U.S. Policymaking to Create Scientists and Engineers from Sputnik to the "War Against Terrorism." New York: University Press of America, 2005.
49. Marshak, Robert E., and LaRoy B. Thompson. Letter to Congressman Kenneth B. Keating. 22 Nov. 1957. Hans A. Bethe Papers, Box 5, Folder 4, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.
50. Miller, Franklin, Jr. Letter to Elmer Hutchisson. 2 Apr. 1958. EH 4:23.
51. National Science Foundation. Annual Report, 1956 〈www.nsf.gov/pubs/ 1956/annualreports〉.
52. Nesmeianov, A. N. "Toward New Successes in Soviet Physics." Soviet Physics JETP 3 (Oct. 1956): 309-11.
53. Overbye, Dennis. "Someday the Sun Will Go Out and the World Will End (But Don't Tell Anyone)." New York Times, 14 Feb. 2006: F3.
54. Panov, D. Letter to Paul Bourgeois. 28 July 1954. EH 13:35.
55. Quarles, Donald. "Cultivating Our Science Talent: Key to Long-Term Security." The Scientific Monthly 80 (June 1955): 352-355.
56. "Red Technical Graduates Are Double those in U.S." Washington Post, 14 Nov. 1955:21.
57. Revkin, Andrew C. "NASA Chief Backs Agency Openness." New York Times, 4 Feb. 2006: A1.
58. Rudolph, John L. Scientists in the Classroom: The Cold War Reconstruction of American Science Education. New York: Palgrave, 2002.
59. Salisbury, Morse. Letter to K. E. Fields. 2 Dec. 1957. EH 13:32.
60. Seitz, Frederick. "Factors Concerning Education for Science and Engineering." Physics Today 11 (July 1958): 12-15.
61. "Soviet-School Analyst: Nicholas DeWitt." New York Times, 15 Jan. 1962: 12.
62. Strauss, Lewis. "A Blueprint for Talent." Brainpower Quest. Ed. Andrew A. Freeman. New York: Macmillan, 1957.
63. Tober, E. P. Letter to Elmer Hutchisson and Wallace Waterfall. 25 Sep. 1959. EH 13:32.
64. "U.S. Sponsored Report Warns on Red Education." Washington Post, 28 Nov. 1957: A6.
65. Waterfall, Wallace. Letter to Ralph E. O'Dette. 2 Dec. 1957. EH 13:33.