Shear and convective turbulence in a model of thermohaline intrusions

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 37, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 2534-2549

  Mueller, Rachael D ^a   Smyth, William D ^a   Ruddick, Barry ^b  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIFFUSION; HYDRODYNAMICS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; SALT WATER INTRUSION; SHEAR FLOW; TURBULENCE;

CONVECTIVE MIXING PARAMETERIZATION; SHEAR-INDUCED TURBULENCE; THERMOHALINE;

OCEAN CURRENTS;

DIFFUSIVITY; HEAT FLUX; OCEANIC CONVECTION; PARAMETERIZATION; POTENTIAL ENERGY; SEAWATER; SHEAR; THERMOHALINE STRUCTURE; TURBULENCE; WATER MASS;

EID: 34247510904     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JPO3137.1     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Armi, L., D. Hebert, N. Oakey, J. Price, P. Richardson, T. Rossby, and B. Ruddick, 1988: The movements and decay of a Mediterranean salt lens. Nature, 333, 649-651.
2. Bell, J., and R. Mehta, 1990: Development of a two-stream mixing layer from tripped and untripped boundary layers. AIAA J., 28, 2034-2042.
3. Ellison, T., and J. S. Turner, 1959: Turbulent entrainrnent in stratified flows. J. Fluid Mech., 6, 423-448.
4. Gregg, M. C., and T. Sanford, 1987: Shear and turbulence in thermohaline staircases. Deep-Sea Res., 34, 1689-1696.
5. Hebert, D., 1988: Estimates of salt-finger fluxes. Deep-Sea Res., 35, 1887-1901.
6. Hebert, D., 2001: Intrusions. Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, J. Steele, S. Thorpe, and K. Turekian, Eds., Academic Press, 1363-1367.
7. Hebert, D., N. Oakey, and B. Ruddick, 1990: Evolution of a Mediterranean salt lens: Scalar properties. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1468-1483.
8. Howard, L., 1961: Note on a paper of John W. Miles. J. Fluid Mech., 10, 509-512.
9. Kelley, D. E., 1990: Fluxes through diffusive staircases: A new formulation. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 3365-3371.
10. Kunze, E., 2003: A review of oceanic salt-fingering theory. Prog. Oceanogr., 56, 399-417.
11. Large, W., J. McWilliams, and S. Doney, 1994: Ocean vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization. Rev. Geophys., 32, 363-403.
12. Linden, P., 1974: Salt fingers in a steady shear flow. Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 6, 1-27.
13. Linden, P., 2000: Convection in the environment. Perspectives in Fluid Dynamics: A Collective Introduction to Current Research, G. Batchelor, H. Moffatt, and M. Worster, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 289-343.
14. Marmorino, G., 1990: "Turbulent mixing" in a salt finger staircase. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 12 983-12 994.
15. May, B., and D. Kelley, 1997: Effect of baroclinicity on double-diffusive interleaving. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1997-2008.
16. McDowell, S., and H. Rossby, 1978: Mediterranean water: An intense mesoscale eddy off the Bahamas. Science, 202, 1085-1087.
17. McLaughlin, F., E. Carmack, R. Macdonald, H. Melling, J. Swift, P. Wheeler, B. Sherr, and E. Sherr, 2003: The joint roles of Pacific and Atlantic-origin waters in the Canada Basin, 1997-1998. Deep-Sea Res., 51, 107-128.
18. Merryfield, W., 2000: Origin of thermohaline staircases. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 1046-1068.
19. Merryfield, W., 2002: Intrusions in double-diffusively stable Arctic waters: Evidence for differential mixing? J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1452-1459.
20. Miles, J., 1961: On the stability of heterogeneous shear flows. J. Fluid Mech., 10, 496-508.
21. Oakey, N., 1988: Estimates of mixing inferred from temperature and velocity microstructure. Small-Scale Turbulence and Mixing in the Ocean, J. Nihoul and B. Jamart, Eds., Elsevier, 239-247.
22. Padman, L., 1994: Momentum fluxes through sheared oceanic thermohaline steps. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22 491-22 499.
23. Pope, S., 2000: Turbulent Flows. Cambridge University Press, 771 pp.
24. Rogers, M., and R. Moser, 1994: Direct simulation of a self-similar turbulent mixing layer. Phys. Fluids, 6, 903-923.
25. Ruddick, B., 1992: Intrusive mixing in a Mediterranean salt lens - Intrusion slopes and dynamical mechanisms. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1274-1285.
26. Ruddick, B., 2003: Laboratory studies of interleaving. Prog. Oceanogr., 56, 529-547.
27. Ruddick, B., and D. Hebert, 1988: The mixing of Meddy "Sharon." Small-Scale Turbulence and Mixing in the Ocean, J. Nihoul and B. Jamart, Eds., Elsevier, 249-261.
28. Ruddick, B., and O. Kerr, 2003: Oceanic thermohaline intrusions: Theory. Prog. Oceanogr., 56, 483-497.
29. Ruddick, B., and K. Richards, 2003: Oceanic thermohaline intrusions: Observations. Prog. Oceanogr., 56, 499-527.
30. Ruddick, B., T. McDougall, and J. Turner, 1989: The formation of layers in a uniformly stirred density gradient. Deep-Sea Res., 36, 579-609.
31. Ruddick, B., O. Phillips, and J. Turner, 1999: A laboratory and quantitative model of finite-amplitude thermohaline intrusions. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 30, 71-99.
32. Simeonov, J., and M. Stern, 2004: Double-diffusive intrusions on a finite-width thermohaline front. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1723-1740.
33. Simeonov, J., and M. Stern, 2007: Equilibration of two-dimensional double-diffusive intrusions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 625-643.
34. Smyth, W., and J. Moum, 2000: Length scales of turbulence in stably stratified mixing layers. Phys. Fluids, 12, 1327-1342.
35. Smyth, W., and S. Kimura, 2007: Instability and diapycnal momentum transport in a double-diffusive, stratified shear layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 1551-1565.
36. Stern, M., 1967: Lateral mixing of water masses. Deep-Sea Res., 14, 747-753.
37. Thorpe, S., 1973: Turbulence in stably stratified fluids: A review of laboratory experiments. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 5, 95-119.
38. Toole, J., and D. Georgi, 1981: On the dynamics and effects of double-diffusively driven intrusions. Prog. Oceanogr., 10, 123-145.
39. Walsh, D., and B. Ruddick, 1995: Double-diffusive interleaving: The influence of non-constant diffusivities. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 348-358.
40. Walsh, D., and B. Ruddick, 1998: Nonlinear equilibration of thermohaline intrusions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1043-1070.
41. Walsh, D., and E. Carmack, 2003: The nested structure of Arctic thermohaline intrusions. Ocean Modell., 5, 267-289.
42. Xu, X., Y. Chang, H. Peters, T. Ozgokmen, and E. Chassignet, 2006: Parameterization of gravity current entrainment for ocean circulation models using a high-order 3D nonhydrostatic spectral element model. Ocean Modell., 14, 19-44.