Establishment and height development of harvested and naturally regenerated Scots pine near the timberline in North-East finnish Lapland

Silva Fennica

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 71-88

  Hallikainen, Ville ^a   Hyppönen, Mikko ^a   Hyvönen, Juha ^a   Niemelä, Juhani ^a  

^a FINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Density model; Height development model; Natural regeneration; Scots pine; Seed tree method; Seedling establishment; Timberline

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; SEED; TIMBER;

HEIGHT DEVELOPMENT MODEL; SEED-TREE METHOD; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; TIMBERLINE;

FORESTRY;

CONIFEROUS TREE; HARVESTING; HEIGHT; REGENERATION; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; TREELINE;

BETULA; NATURAL REFORESTATION; PINUS SYLVESTRIS; SEEDLINGS; TREES;

EURASIA; LAPLAND;

BETULA; PINUS SYLVESTRIS;

EID: 34247497258     PISSN: 00375330     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14214/sf.308     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Aaltonen, V.T. 1919. Kangasmetsien luonnollisesta uudistumisesta Suomen Lapissa, I. Referat: Über die natürliche Verjüngung der Heidewälder im Finnischen Lapland, I. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 1. 375 p. (In Finnish with German summary).
2. Ackzell, L. 1993. A comparison of planting, sowing and natural regeneration for Pinus sylvestris (L.) in boreal Sweden. Forest Ecology and Management 61: 229-245.
3. Allison, P.D. 1999. Logistic regression using the SAS system: theory and application. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. ISBN 1-58025-352-0. 288 p.
4. Beland, M., Agestam, E., Ekö, P.M., Gemmel, P. & Nilsson, U. 2000. Scarification and seedfall affects natural regeneration of Scots pine under two shelterwood densities and a clear-cut in southern Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 15: 247-255.
5. Berg, B. & Cortina, J. 1995. Nutrient dynamics in some decomposing leaf and needle litter types in a Pinus sylvestris forest. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 10: 1-11.
6. Bergan, J. 1981. Regeneration of Scots pine forests in Troms and Finnmark. Norsk Institute for Skogforskning, Rapport 10. 69 p. (In Norwegian with English summary).
7. Cajander, A.K. 1909. Über Waldtypen. Fennia 28(2). 175 p. (In German).
8. Çolak, A.H. 2003. Effect of microsite conditions on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings in high-elevation plantings. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 122(2003): 36-46.
9. Flewelling, J.W. & Pienaar, L.V. 1981. Multiplicative regression with lognormal errors. Forest Science 27: 281-289.
10. Goldstein, H. 1995. Multilevel statistical models. Kendall's library of statistics 3. Second edition. Arnold, London. Sydney, Auckland. ISBN 0-470 24989-7. 178 p.
11. Gonzáles-Martínez, S.C. & Bravo, F. 2001. Density and population structure of the natural regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the High Ebro Basin (Northern Spain). Annales of Forest Science 58(2001): 277-288.
12. Goomies, D.A. & Grubb, P.J. 2000. Impacts of root competition in forests and woodlands: a theoretical framework and review of experiments. Ecological Monographs 70(2): 171-207.
13. Hagner, S. 1962. Natural regeneration under shelterwood stands. An analysis of the method of regeneration, its potentialities and limitations in forest management in middle North Sweden. Meddelanden från Statens Skogsforskningsinstitut, Band 52(4). 263 p. (In Swedish with English summary).
14. _ 1965. Yield of seed, choice of seed trees, and seedling establishment in experiments with natural regeneration. Studia Forestalia Suecica 27. 43 p. (In Swedish with English summary).
15. Hallikainen, V., Hyppönen. M., Jalkanen, R. & Mäkitalo, K. 2004. Metsänviljelyn onnistuminen Lapin yksityismetsissä vuosina 1984-1995. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 1/2004: 3-20. (In Finnish).
16. Heikinheimo, O. 1932. Metsäpuiden siementämiskyvystä. I. Über die Besamungsfähigkeit der Waldbäume I. Communicationes Instuti Forestalis Fenniae 17(3). 61 p. (In Finnish with German summary).
17. _ 1937. Metsäpuiden siementämiskyvystä II. Über die Besamungsfähigkeit der Waldbäume II. Communicationes Instuti Forestalis Fenniae 24(4). 67 p. (In Finnish with German summary).
18. Henttonen, H., Kanninen, M., Nygren, M. & Ojansuu, R. 1986. The maturation of Pinus sylvestris seeds in relation to temperature climate in Northern Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 1: 243-249.
19. Hox, J.J. 2002. Multilevel analysis. Techniques and applications. Lawrence Erlbaum Associated Inc., Publishers. Mahwah. ISBN 0-8058-3219-X.
20. Hyppönen, M. 2002. Natural regeneration of Scots pine using the seed tree method in Finnish Lapland. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 844. 69 p + app. (In Finnish with English summary).
21. _ & Hyvönen, J. 2000. Ylispuustoisten mäntytaimikoiden syntyhistoria, rakenne ja alkukehitys Lapin yksityismetsissä. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 4/2000: 589-602. (In Finnish).
22. _ , Härkönen, J., Keränen, K., Riissanen, N. & Tikkanen, J. (eds.). 2001. Pohjois-Suomen metsänhoitosuositukset. ISBN 951-98731-1-2. 60 p. (In Finnish).
23. _ , Hyvönen, J. & Valkonen, S. 2002. Männyn luontaisen uudistamisen onnistuminen Lapin yksityismetsissä 1960-, 1970- ja 1980-lukujen siemenpuuhakkuissa. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 4/2002: 559-574. (In Finnish).
24. _ , Alenius, V. & Valkonen, S. 2005. Models for the establishment and height development of naturally regenerated Pinus sylvestris in Finnish Lapland. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 20: 374-357.
25. Ilvessalo, Y. 1970. Natural development and yield capacity of forest stands on mineral soils in northern Lapland. Acta Forestalia Fennica 108. 43 p. (In Finnish with English summary).
26. Jeansson, E. 1995. Some aspects on site preparation and natural regeneration in Sweden. In: Ritari, A., Saarenmaa, H., Saarela, M. & Poikajärvi, H. (eds.). Northern silviculture and management. Proc. IUFRO Working Party S1.05-12 Symposium, Lapland, Finland, 16-22 Aug. 1987. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 567: 69-84.
27. Juntunen, V., Neuvonen, S., Norokorpi, Y. & Tasanen, T. 2002. Potential for timberline advance in northern Finland, as revealed by monitoring during 1983-1999. Arctic 55: 348-361.
28. Kalliola, R. 1973. Suomen kasvimaantiede. WSOY, Porvoo. ISBN 951-0-05732-0. 308 p. (In Finnish).
29. Karlsson, C. 2000. Seed production of Pinus sylvestris after release cutting. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30: 982-989.
30. _ & Örlander, G. 2000. Soil scarification shortly before a rich seed fall improves seedling establishment in seed-tree stands of Pinus sylvestris. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 15: 256-266.
31. Kinnunen, K. 1993. Direct sowing and natural regeneration of Scots pine in western Finland. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Paper 447. 36 p. (In Finnish with English summary).
32. Kinnunen, O., Kokkonen, S., Kokkoniemi, T., Korpivuoma, J., Murtoniemi, S., Sandström, O. & Soinne, H. 1998. Itä-Lapin luonnonvarasuunnitelma. Metsähallituksen metsätalouden julkaisuja 16. 164 p. (In Finnish).
33. Kubin, E. 2000. Natural regeneration of forests in Finland. In: Mälkönen, E., Babich, N.A., Krutov, V.I. & Markova, I.A. (eds.). Forest regeneration in the northern parts of Europe. Proceedings of the Finnish-Russian Forest Regeneration Seminar in Vuokatti, Finland, Sept. 28th-Oct. 2nd, 1998. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 790: 159-167.
34. Lähde, E. 1974. The effect of grain size distribution on the condition of natural and artificial sapling stands of Scots pine. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 84(3). 23 p.
35. Lehto, J. 1969. Studies conducted in northern Finland on the regeneration of Scots pine by means of the seed tree and shelterwood methods. Communicationes Instuti Forestalis Fenniae 67(4). 140 p.
36. Lexerød, N.L. 2005. Recruitment models for different tree species in Norway. Forest Ecology and Management 206(2005): 91-108.
37. Listov, A.A. & Semyonov, B.A. 1995. Nature and rational use of pretundra pine forests in the European part of The USSR. In: Ritari, A., Saarenmaa, H., Saarela, M. & Poikajärvi, H. (eds.). Northern silviculture and management. Proc. IUFRO Working Party S1.05-12 Symposium, Lapland, Finland, 16-22 Aug. 1987. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 567: 211-216.
38. Mäkitalo, K., Penttilä, T. & Räsänen, P. 1997. Poron ja jäniksen vaikutus hieskoivun luontaiseen uudistumiseen tuoreilla kankailla Etelä- ja Keski-Lapissa. In: Hyppönen, M., Penttilä, T. & Poikajärvi, H. (eds.). Poron vaikutus metsä- ja tunturiluontoon. Tutkimusseminaari Hetassa 1997. Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja 678: 109-121. (In Finnish).
39. Metsälaki 1996. Laki 12.12.1996/1093. (In Finnish).
40. Miina, J & Saksa, T. 2006. Predicting regeneration establishment in Norway spruce plantation using a multivariate multilevel model. New Forest. Springer. 19 p. Submitted.
41. Niemelä, J. 2002. Männyn luontainen uudistaminen Savukoskella. Metsähallituksen metsätalouden julkaisuja 42. 41 p. (In Finnish).
42. Nilsson, M.C. & Wardle, D.A. 2005. Understory vegetation as a forest ecosystem driver: evidence from the northern Swedish boreal forest. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3(8): 421-428.
43. _ , Wardle, D.A. & Dahlberg, A. 1999. Effects of plant litter species composition and diversity on the boreal forest plant-soil system. Oikos 86(1): 16-26.
44. Ojansuu, R. & Henttonen, H. 1983. Kuukauden keskilämpö tilan, lämpösumman ja sademäärän paikallisten arvojen johtaminen Ilmatieteen laitoksen mittaustiedoista Silva Fennica 17(2): 143-158. (In Finnish).
45. Pohtila, E. 1980. Climatic fluctuations and forestry in Lapland. Holarctic Ecology 3: 91-98.
46. Räsänen, P.K., Pohtila, E., Laitinen, E., Peltonen, A. & Rautiainen, O. 1985. Forest regeneration in the six southernmost forestry board districts of Finland. Results from the inventories 1978?1979. Folia Forestalia 637. 30 p. (In Finnish with English summary).
47. Rasbash, J., Steele, F., Browne, W. & Prosser, B. 2004. A user's quide to MlwiN, version 2.0. Centre for Multilevel Modelling, Institute of Education, University of London. ISBN 0-9544036-3-0. 256 p.
48. Sandström, O., Vaara, I., Heikkuri, P., Jokinen, M., Kokkoniemi, T., Liimatainen, J., Loikkanen, T., Mela, M., Osmonen, O., Salmi, J., Seppänen, M., Siekkinen, A., Sihvo, J., Tolonen, J., Tuohisaari, O., Tynys, T., Vaara, M. & Veijola, P. 2000. Ylä-Lapin luonnonvarasuunnitelma. Metsähallituksen metsätalouden julkaisuja 38. 246 p. (In Finnish).
49. Sarvas, R. 1937. Kuloalojen luontaisesta metsittymisestä. Pohjois-Suomen kuivilla kankailla suoritettu metsäbiologinen tutkielma. Acta Forestalia Fennica 46. 147 p. (In Finnish with German summary).
50. _ 1950. Investigations into the natural regeneration of selectively cut private forests in northern Finland. Communicationes Instuti Forestalis Fenniae 38(1). 95 p.
51. SAS Institute Inc. 2002-2005. SAS OnlineDoc, version 9.1.3. [Online document]. Available at: http://support.sas.com/onlinedoc/913/docMainpage.jsp.
52. Skoklefald, S. 1995. Spot scarification in a mountainous Scots pine forest in Norway. In: Ritari, A., Saarenmaa, H., Saarela, M. & Poikajärvi, H. (eds.). Northern silviculture and management. Proc. IUFRO Working Party S1.05-12 Symposium, Lapland, Finland, 16-22 Aug. 1987. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 567: 85-90.
53. Snee, R.D. 1977. Validation of regression models: Methods and examples. Technometrics 19(4): 415-428.
54. Snijders, T.A.B. & Bosker, R.J. 2003. Multilevel analysis. An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modelling. SAGE Publications. London. ISBN 0-7619-5889-4. 266 p.
55. Sundkvist, H. 1993. Forest regeneration potential of Scots pine advance growth in northern Sweden. Sveriges landtbruksuniversitetet, institutionen för skogsskötsel. Avhandling. 33 p.
56. Tegelmark, D.O. 1998a. Predication of regeneration success and wood properties in naturally regenerated stands of Scots pine. Dissertation. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae, Silvestria 71, Uppsala. 96 p. ISBN 91-576-5605-3.
57. _ 1998b. Site factors as multivariate predictors of the success of natural regeneration in Scots pine forests. Forest Ecology and Management 109: 231-239.
58. Valkonen, S. 1992. Forest regeneration at high altitudes in Northern Finland. Folia Forestalia 791. 84 p. (In Finnish with English summary)
59. _ 2000. Effect of retained Scots pine trees on regeneration, growth, form, and yield of forest stands. Investigaćion Agraria, Sistemas y Recursos Forestales. Fuera de Serie 1: 121-145.
60. Varmola, M., Hyppönen, M., Mäkitalo, K., Mikkola, K. & Timonen, M. 2004. Forest management and regeneration success in protection forests near the timberline in Finnish Lapland. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 19: 424-441.
61. Volkov, A.D., Sokovets, V.I. & Ananiev, V.A. 2000. The role of coniferous understorey in stand formation on clear-cut areas in the taiga zone of the Russian northwest. In: Mälkönen, E., Babich, N.A., Krutov, V.I. & Markova, I.A. (eds.). Forest regeneration in the northern parts of Europe. Proceedings of the Finnish-Russian forest regeneration seminar in Vuokatti, Finland, Sept. 28th-Oct. 2nd, 1998. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 790: 59-63.
62. Wikberg, P.-E. 2004. Occurrence, morphology and growth of understory saplings in Swedish forests. Silvestria 322. 25 p.
63. Yli-Vakkuri, P. 1961. Experimental studies on the emergence and initial development of tree seedlings in spruce and pine stands. Acta Forestalia Fennica 75(1). 122 p. (In Finnish with English summary).