Gender-specific issues in cardiac rehabilitation: Do women with ischaemic heart disease need specially tailored programmes?

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 163-171

  Bjarnason Wehrens, Birna ^a   Grande, Gesine ^b   Loewel, Hannelore ^c   Völler, Heinz ^d   Mittag, Oskar ^e  

^a GERMAN SPORT UNIVERSITY COLOGNE   (Germany)

^b University of Applied Science   (United States)

^c Institute of Epidemiology   (United States)

^d Rehabilitation Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF LÜBECK   (Germany)

Author keywords

coping; epidemiology; gender; ischaemic heart disease; physical activities; rehabilitation

Indexed keywords

COMORBIDITY; COPING BEHAVIOR; EXERCISE; HEART REHABILITATION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MENTAL STRESS; OSTEOPOROSIS; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOTHERAPY; REVIEW; SELF CONCEPT; SELF ESTEEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SPORT; URINE INCONTINENCE;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; EXERCISE; EXERCISE THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MOTIVATION; MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; NEEDS ASSESSMENT; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL SUPPORT;

EID: 34247496954     PISSN: 20474873     EISSN: 20474881     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e3280128bce     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Johnson SM, Karvonen CA, Phelps CL, Nader S, Sanborn BM. Assessment of analysis by gender in the Cochrane reviews asrelated to treatment of cardiovascular disease. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2003; 12: 449–457.
2. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. Framingham Heart Study. Available at:www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/framingham/. Accessed: 25 August2006.
3. ARIC Study. Available at:http://www.cscc.unc.edu/aric/pub.phtml. Accessed: 25 August2006.
4. World Health Organization MONICA Study. Available at:http://www.ktl.fi/monica/index.html. Accessed: 25 August2006.
5. Healy B. The Yentl syndrome. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 274–276.
6. Roeters van Lennep JE, Zwinderman AH, Roeters van Lennep HW, Westerveld HE, Plokker HW, Voors AA, et al. Gender differences in diagnosis andtreatment of coronary artery disease from 1981 to 1997. No evidence for theYentl syndrome. Eur Heart J 2000; 21: 911–918.
7. Raine RA, Black NA, Bowker TJ, Wood DA. Gender differences in the management and outcome of patients withacute coronary artery disease. J Epidemiol Commun Health 2002; 56: 791–797.
8. Williams RI, Fraser AG, West RR. Gender differences in management after acute myocardialinfarction: not ‘sexism’ but a reflection of age atpresentation. J Public Health (Oxf) 2004; 26: 259–263.
9. Oberlander J. The US health care system: on a road to nowhere? Can Med Assoc J 2002; 167: 163–168.
10. Oldridge NB, Ragowski B, Gottlieb M. Use of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation services. Factorsassociated with attendance. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1992; 12: 25–31.
11. Jackson L, Leclerc J, Erskine Y, Linden W. Getting the most out of cardiac rehabilitation: a review ofreferral and adherence predictors. Heart 2005; 91: 10–14.
12. Orth-Gomer K. New light on the Yentl syndrome. Eur Heart J 2000; 21: 874–875.
13. American Heart Organization. Women and cardiovascular diseases — statistics(revised). Available at: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3000941.Accessed: 25 August 2006.
14. New Zealand Guidelines Group (NZGG) and New Zealand Heart Foundation. Best practice evidence-based guidelines — cardiacrehabilitation 2002. Available at:http://www.nzgg.org.nz/guidelines/0001/Summary_resource_kit.pdf. Accessed: 25August 2006.
15. Stone JA, Arthur HM. Canadian guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and cardiovasculardisease prevention, 2nd ed. 2004: Executive summary. Can J Cardiol 2005; 21 (SupplD):3D–19D.
16. American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs. Champaign: HumanKinetics; 2005.
17. Giannuzzi P, Saner H, Bjornstad H, Fioretti P, Mendes M, Cohen-Solal A, et al. Secondary prevention through cardiacrehabilitation: position paper of the Working Group on CardiacRehabilitation and Exercise Physiology of the European Society ofCardiology. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 1273–1278.
18. Mosca L, Appel LJ, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Chandra-Strobos N, Fabunmi RP, et al. Evidence-based guidelines forcardiovascular disease prevention in women. Circulation 2004; 109: 672–693.
19. Scott IA, Eyeson-Annan ML, Huxley SL, West MJ. Optimising care of acute myocardial infarction: results of aregional quality improvement project. J Qual Clin Pract 2000; 20: 12–19.
20. Parks D, Allison M, Doughty R, Cunningham L, Ellis CJ. An audit of phase II cardiac rehabilitation at Auckland hospital. NZ Med J 2000; 113: 158–161.
21. Evans JA, Turner SC, Bethell HJN. Cardiac rehabilitation: are the NSF milestones achievable. 2002; 87 (SupplII):41.
22. Lifestyle and risk factor management and use of drug therapies incoronary patients from 15 countries; principal results from EUROASPIRE IIEuro Heart Survey Programme. Eur Heart J 2001; 22: 554–572.
23. Carhart RL Jr, Ades PA. Gender differences in cardiac rehabilitation. Cardiol Clin 1998; 16: 37–43.
24. Brezinka V, Kittel F. Psychosocial factors of coronary heart disease in women: areview. Soc Sci Med 1996; 42: 1351–1365.
25. Allen JK, Scott LB, Stewart KJ, Young DR. Disparities in women's referral to and enrollment inoutpatient cardiac rehabilitation. J Gen Intern Med 2004; 19: 747–753.
26. Grande G, Leppin A, Romppel M, Altenhoner T, Mannebach H. Women and men after acute myocardial infarction: are there genderdifferences in participation rates in cardiac rehabilitation? [inGerman]. Rehabilitation (Stuttg) 2002; 41: 320–328.
27. Beswick AD, Rees K, West RR, Taylor FC, Burke M, Griebsch I, et al. Improving uptake and adherence in cardiacrehabilitation: literature review. J Adv Nurs 2005; 49: 538–555.
28. Kattainen A, Salomaa V, Harkanen T, Jula A, Kaaja R, Kesaniemi YA, et al. Coronary heart disease: from a disease ofmiddle-aged men in the late 1970s to a disease of elderly women in the2000s. Eur Heart J 2006; 27: 296–301.
29. Moore SM. Women's views of cardiac rehabilitation programs. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1996; 16: 123–129.
30. Halm M, Penque S, Doll N, Beahrs M. Women and cardiac rehabilitation: referral and compliancepatterns. J Cardiovasc Nurs 1999; 13: 83–92.
31. Caulin-Glaser T, Blum M, Schmeizl R, Prigerson HG, Zaret B, Mazure CM. Gender differences in referral to cardiac rehabilitation programsafter revascularization. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2001; 21: 24–30.
32. Pell J, Pell A, Morrison C, Blatchford O, Dargie H. Retrospective study of influence of deprivation on uptake ofcardiac rehabilitation. BMJ 1996; 313: 267–268.
33. McGee HM, Horgan JH. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes: are women less likely toattend? BMJ 1992; 305: 283–284.
34. Oldridge NB, LaSalle D, Jones NL. Exercise rehabilitation of female patients with coronary heartdisease. Am Heart J 1980; 100: 755–757.
35. Cannistra LB, Balady GJ, O'Malley CJ, Weiner DA, Ryan TJ. Comparison of the clinical profile and outcome of women and menin cardiac rehabilitation. Am J Cardiol 1992; 69: 1274–1279.
36. Kennedy MD, Haykowsky M, Daub B, Van Lohuizen K, Knapik G, Black B. Effects of a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program onquality of life and exercise tolerance in women: a retrospective analysis. Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med 2003; 4: 1.
37. Ades PA, Waldmann ML, Polk DM, Coflesky JT. Referral patterns and exercise response in the rehabilitation offemale coronary patients aged greater than or equal to 62 years. Am J Cardiol 1992; 69: 1422–1425.
38. O'Farrel P, Murray J, Huston P, LeGrand C, Adamo K. Sex differences in cardiac rehabilitation. Can J Cardiol 2000; 16: 319–325.
39. Gardner JK, McConnell TR, Klinger TA, Herman CP, Hauck CA, Laubach CA Jr. Quality of life and self-efficacy: gender and diagnosesconsiderations for management during cardiac rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2003; 23: 299–306.
40. Lavie CJ, Milani RV. Effects of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training onexercise capacity, coronary risk factors, behavioral characteristics, andquality of life in women. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 340–343.
41. Verrill D, Barton C, Beasley W, Brennan M, Lippard M, King C. Quality of life measures and gender comparisons in North CarolinaCardiac Rehabilitation Programs. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2001; 21: 37–46.
42. Balady GJ, Jette D, Scheer J, Downing J. Changes in exercise capacity following cardiac rehabilitation inpatients stratified according to age and gender. Results of theMassachusetts Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary RehabilitationMulticenter Database. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1996; 16: 38–46.
43. Todaro JF, Shen BJ, Niaura R, Tilkemeier PL, Roberts BH. Do men and women achieve similar benefits from cardiacrehabilitation? J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2004; 24: 45–51.
44. Oldridge N. Cardiac rehabilitation in the elderly. Aging (Milano) 1998; 10: 273–283.
45. Williams MA, Fleg JL, Ades PA, Chaitman BR, Miller NH, Mohiuddin SM, et al. Secondary prevention of coronary heartdisease in the elderly (with emphasis on patients > or= 75 years of age): an American Heart Association scientificstatement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology Subcommittee on Exercise,Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention. Circulation 2002; 105: 1735–1743.
46. Ferrara N, Corbi G, Bosimini E, Cobelli F, Furgi G, Giannuzzi P, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation in the elderly:patient selection and outcomes. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 2006; 15: 22–27.
47. Stone JA, Cyr C, Friesen M, Kennedy-Symonds H, Stene R, Smilovitch M. Canadian guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation andatherosclerotic heart disease prevention: a summary. Can J Cardiol 2001; 17 (SupplB):3B–30B.
48. Aggarwal A, Ades PA. Exercise rehabilitation of older patients with cardiovasculardisease. Cardiol Clin 2001; 19: 525–536.
49. Mittag O, China C, Hoberg E, Juers E, Kolenda KD, Richard G, et al. Outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation withvs. without a follow-up intervention rendered by telephone(Lübeck Follow Up Trial): overall and gender specific effects. IJRR 2006; 29: in press.
50. Hoberg E, Bestehorn K, Wegscheider K, Brauer H. Follow-up intervention after cardiac rehabilitation(HANSA-Studie) [in German]. In: Verband DeutscherRentenversicherungsträger, editor. 13.Rehabilitationswissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 08 bis 10 März2004 in Düsseldorf. Frankfurt: VDR; 2004. pp.150–151.
51. Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F, Prince RH, Verrier P, Garber RA, Juneau M, et al. Randomised trial of home-basedpsychosocial nursing intervention for patients recovering from myocardialinfarction. Lancet 1997; 350: 473–479.
52. Cossette S, Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F. Nursing approaches to reducing psychological distress in men andwomen recovering from myocardial infarction. Int J Nurs Stud 2002; 39: 479–494.
53. Cossette S, Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F. Clinical implications of a reduction in psychological distress oncardiac prognosis in patients participating in a psychosocial interventionprogram. Psychosom Med 2001; 63: 257–266.
54. Schneiderman N, Saab PG, Catellier DJ, Powell LH, DeBusk RF, Williams RB, et al. Psychosocial treatment within sex byethnicity subgroups in the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Diseaseclinical trial. Psychosom Med 2004; 66: 475–483.
55. Wieslander I, Baigi A, Turesson C, Fridlund B. Women's social support and social network after theirfirst myocardial infarction; a 4-year follow-up with focus on cardiacrehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2005; 4: 278–285.
56. Lemos K, Suls J, Jenson M, Lounsbury P, Gordon EE. How do female and male cardiac patients and their spouses shareresponsibilities after discharge from the hospital? Ann Behav Med 2003; 25: 8–15.
57. Brezinka V, Dusseldorp E, Maes S. Gender differences in psychosocial profile at entry into cardiacrehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1998; 18: 445–449.
58. Sanderson BK, Bittner V. Women in cardiac rehabilitation: outcomes and identifying riskfor dropout. Am Heart J 2005; 150: 1052–1058.
59. Blanchard CM, Rodgers WM, Courneya KS, Daub B, Black B. Self-efficacy and mood in cardiac rehabilitation: should genderbe considered? Behav Med 2002; 27: 149–160.
60. Mittag O, Horres-Sieben B, Maurischat C. Psychological status and coping precess following ischemic heartdisease: the role of age and gender. Herzmedizin 2006; 23: 70–76.
61. Altenhöner T, Leppin A, Grande G, Rommel M. Prediction of patients' attitudes towards cardiacrehabilitation [in German]. Zeitschr Gesundheitspsychol 2003; 11: 49–56.
62. Filip J, McGillen C, Mosca L. Patient preferences for cardiac rehabilitation and desiredprogram elements. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1999; 19: 339–343.
63. Kristofferzon ML, Lofmark R, Carlsson M. Myocardial infarction: gender differences in coping and socialsupport. J Adv Nurs 2003; 44: 360–374.
64. Wenger NK, Froelicher ES, Smith LK, Ades PA, Berra K, Blumenthal JA, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation as secondaryprevention. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research and National Heart,Lung, and Blood Institute. Clin Pract Guidel Quick Ref Guide Clin 1995; 17: 1–23.
65. Scottish Guidelines Intercollegiate Network (SIGN). Cardiac rehabilitation. A national clinical guideline. SIGN publicationno. 57. Edinburgh: SIGN; 2002.
66. Burell G, Granlund B. Women's hearts need special treatment. Int J Behav Med 2002; 9: 228–242.
67. Claesson M, Birgander LS, Lindahl B, Nasic S, Astrom M, Asplund K, Burell G. Women's hearts — stress management forwomen with ischemic heart disease: explanatory analyses of a randomizedcontrolled trial. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2005; 25: 93–102.
68. Kushi LH, Fee RM, Folsom AR, Mink PJ, Anderson KE, Sellers TA. Physical activity and mortality in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1997; 277: 1287–1292.
69. Manson JE, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ, Stefanick ML, Mouton CP, Oberman A, et al. Walking compared with vigorous exercisefor the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 716–725.
70. Lemaitre RN, Heckbert SR, Psaty BM, Siscovick DS. Leisure-time physical activity and the risk of nonfatalmyocardial infarction in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 2302–2308.
71. Sesso HD, Paffenbarger RS, Ha T, Lee IM. Physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk in middle-agedand older women. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 150: 408–416.
72. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Solomon C, Liu S, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, et al. Physical activity and risk forcardiovascular events in diabetic women. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 96–105.
73. Rockhill B, Willett WC, Manson JE, Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA. Physical activity and mortality: a prospective study among women. Am J Public Health 2001; 91: 578–583.
74. Gulati M, Pandey DK, Arnsdorf MF, Lauderdale DS, Thisted RA, Wicklund RH, et al. Exercise capacity and the risk of deathin women: the St James Women Take Heart Project. Circulation 2003; 108: 1554–1559.
75. Stewart KJ, Turner KL, Bacher AC, DeRegis JR, Sung J, Tayback M, Ouyang P. Are fitness, activity, and fatness associated with health-relatedquality of life and mood in older persons? J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2003; 23: 115–121.
76. Taylor RS, Brown A, Ebrahim S, Jolliffe J, Noorani H, Rees K, et al. Exercise-based rehabilitation forpatients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trials. Am J Med 2004; 116: 682–692.
77. Kavanagh T, Mertens DJ, Hamm LF, Beyene J, Kennedy J, Corey P, Shephard R.J. Peak oxygen intake and cardiac mortality in women referred forcardiac rehabilitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 2139–2143.
78. Lavie CJ, Milani RV. Benefits of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programsin elderly coronary patients. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 2001; 10: 323–327.
79. Lavie CJ, Milani RV. Benefits of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training inelderly women. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79: 664–666.
80. Ades PA, Savage PD, Brawner CA, Lyon CE, Ehrman JK, Bunn JY, Keteyian SJ. Aerobic capacity in patients entering cardiac rehabilitation. Circulation 2006; 113: 2706–2712.
81. Moore SM, Ruland CM, Pashkow FJ, Blackburn GG. Women's patterns of exercise following cardiacrehabilitation. Nurs Res 1998; 47: 318–324.
82. Ades PA, Savage PD, Tischler MD, Poehlman ET, Dee J, Niggel J. Determinants of disability in older coronary patients. Am Heart J 2002; 143: 151–156.
83. Tyni-Lenne R, Gordon A, Jansson E, Bermann G, Sylven C. Skeletal muscle endurance training improves peripheral oxidativecapacity, exercise tolerance, and health-related quality of life in womenwith chronic congestive heart failure secondary to either ischemiccardiomyopathy or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80: 1025–1029.
84. Brochu M, Savage P, Lee M, Dee J, Cress ME, Poehlman ET, et al. Effects of resistance training onphysical function in older disabled women with coronary heart disease. J Appl Physiol 2002; 92: 672–678.
85. Ades PA, Savage PD, Brochu M, Tischler MD, Lee NM, Poehlman ET. Resistance training increases total daily energy expenditure indisabled older women with coronary heart disease. J Appl Physiol 2005; 98: 1280–1285.
86. Ades PA, Savage PD, Cress ME, Brochu M, Lee NM, Poehlman ET. Resistance training on physical performance in disabled olderfemale cardiac patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1265–1270.
87. Gallagher R, McKinley S, Dracup K. Predictors of women's attendance at cardiacrehabilitation programs. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 2003; 18: 121–126.
88. Schuster PM, Wright C, Tomich P. Gender differences in the outcomes of participants in homeprograms compared to those in structured cardiac rehabilitation programs. Rehabil Nurs 1995; 20: 93–101.
89. Reid RD, Morrin LI, Pipe AL, Dafoe WA, Higgingson LAJ, Wielgosz AT, et al. Determinants of physical activity afterhospitalisation for coronary artery disease: the Tracking Exercise AfterCardiac Hospitalization (TEACH) Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006; 13: 529–537.
90. Moore SM, Dolansky MA, Ruland CM, Pashkow FJ, Blackburn GG. Predictors of women's exercise maintenance aftercardiac rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2003; 23: 40–49.
91. Daly J, Sindone AP, Thompson DR, Hancock K, Chang E, Davidson P. Barriers to participation in and adherence to cardiacrehabilitation programs: a critical literature review. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 2002; 17: 8–17.
92. Evenson KR, Rosamond WD, Luepker RV. Predictors of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation utilization: theMinnesota Heart Surgery Registry. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1998; 18: 192–198.
93. Conn VS, Tripp-Reimer T, Maas ML. Older women and exercise: theory of planned behavior beliefs. Public Health Nurs 2003; 20: 153–163.
94. Fleury J, Lee SM, Matteson B, Belyea M. Barriers to physical activity maintenance after cardiacrehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2004; 24: 296–305; quiz306–307.
95. Walsh JM, Pressman AR, Cauley JA, Browner WS. Predictors of physical activity in community-dwelling elderlywhite women. J Gen Intern Med 2001; 16: 721–727.
96. Ziegelstein RC, Fauerbach JA, Stevens SS, Romanelli J, Richter DP, Bush DE. Patients with depression are less likely to followrecommendations to reduce cardiac risk during recovery from a myocardialinfarction. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 1818–1823.
97. Walcott-McQuigg JA. Psychological factors influencing cardiovascular risk reductionbehavior in low and middle income African-American women. J Natl Black Nurses Assoc 2000; 11: 27–35.
98. Coakley EH, Kawachi I, Manson JE, Speizer FE, Willet WC, Colditz GA. Lower levels of physical functioning are associated with higherbody weight among middle-aged and older women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 958–965.
99. Weiss BD. Diagnostic evaluation of urinary incontinence in geriatricpatients. Am Family Physician 1998; 57: 2675–2684;2688–2690.
100. Nihira MA, Henderson N. Epidemiology of urinary incontinence in women. Curr Womens Health Rep 2003; 3: 340–347