No more secrets, no more lies: African American history and compulsory heterosexuality

Journal of Women's History

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 63-76

  Richardson, Mattie Udora ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247463174     PISSN: 10427961     EISSN: 15272036     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2003.0080     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Toni Morrison, "Unspeakable Things Unspoken: The Afro-American Presence in American Literature," Michigan Quarterly Review 28 (winter 1989): 1-34.
2. W.E.B. DuBois, Black Reconstruction in America: An Essay Toward A History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America 1860-1880, (Cleveland, Oh.: The World Publishing Company, 1967).
3. Hazel Carby, Reconstructing Womanhood: The Emergence of the Afro-American Woman Novelist (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 6.
4. See Paula Giddings, When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America, (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1984) 95-103.
5. See Evelyn Hammonds, "Black (W)holes and the Geometry of Black Female Sexuality," Differences (spring 1991);
6. and Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, "African American Women's History and the Metalanguage of Race," Signs 17 (winter 1992) 254-74.
7. Darlene Clark Hine, "Rape and the Inner Lives of Black Women in the Middle West: Preliminary Thoughts on the Culture of Dissemblance," Signs 14, no. 4 (1989): 912-20.
8. See Deborah Gray White, Arn't I a Woman: Female Slaves in the Plantation South (New York: W.W. Norton, 1985);
9. Angela Davis, Women, Race, and Class (New York: Random House, 1981);
10. Darlene Clark Hine, Black Women in America: an Historical Encyclopedia (New York: Carlson Publishing, 1993);
11. Hammonds, "Toward a Genealogy of Black Female Sexuality," 181.
12. Mary Church Terrell, "The Progress of Colored Women," in Words of Fire: An Anthology of African American Feminist Thought ed. Beverly Guy-Sheftall (New York: The New Press, 1995) 65.
13. Gloria T. Hull, Give Us Each Day: The Diary of Alice Dunbar Nelson (New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1984), 25.
14. For more information, see Martin Duberman, Martha Vicinus, and George Chauncey, Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past (New York: New American Library, 1989), 8.
15. Brenda Stevenson, Life in Black and White: Family and Community in the Slave South (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
16. Barbara Smith, "African American Lesbian and Gay History: An Exploration" in The Truth That Never Hurts: Writings on Race, Gender and Freedom (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1998) 89.
17. Earl Thorpe, Black Historians: A Critique (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1971) 4.
18. Hazel Carby, Race Men (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998).
19. DuBois, Black Reconstruction, i.
20. Elkins, Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life, 10
21. Phillips's position did not go unchallenged. See Kenneth Stampp, The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South (New York: Knopf,1956);
22. Melville Herskovits, The Myth of the Negro Past (New York: Harper, 1941);
23. and Charles S. Johnson, Patterns of Negro Segregation (New York: Harper, 1943).
24. Elkins, Slavery, 113-30.
25. Sigmund Freud, "The Transformation of Puberty," in The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud (New York: The Modern Library, 1938): 620.
26. Hortense Spillers, "Mama's Baby, Papa's Maybe: An American Grammar Book," Diacritics (summer 1993) 62.
27. E. Franklin Frazier, The Negro Family in the United States (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1939) 89.
28. Thomas Pettigrew, A Profile of the Negro American (Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 1964), 18-19.
29. Daniel Patrick Moynihan, "The Negro Family: The Case for National Action" in The Moynihan Report and the Politics of Controversy, ed. Lee Rainwater and William Yancey (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1967) 29.
30. Spillers, "Mama's Baby, Papa's Maybe," 66.
31. For more information on the matrix of heterosexual hegemony, see Judith Butler, Gender Trouble (New York: Routledge, 1990).
32. Herbert Gutman, The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1976) xvii.
33. See also White, Arn't I a Woman?.
34. Eugene Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made (New York: Pantheon 1972) 319.
35. Thorpe , Black Historians, 30.