"Leisure is a foe to any man": The pleasures and dangers of leisure in Atlanta during world war I

Journal of Women's History

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 92-115

  Judson, Sarah Mercer ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247460878     PISSN: 10427961     EISSN: 15272036     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2003.0029     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Although not a comprehensive bibliography on gender and urban race relations, major works include Tera Hunter, To 'Joy My Freedom: Black Women's Lives and Labors in the South After the Civil War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997);
2. Deborah Gray White, Too Heavy A Load: Black Women in Defense of Themselves, 1894-1940 (New York: WW Norton & Company, 1999),
3. Sarah Deutsch, Women and the City: Gender, Space, and Power in Boston, 1870-1940 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
4. Georgina Hickey, "Visibility, Politics, and Urban Development: Working-class Women in Early Twentieth-Century Atlanta," (Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1995);
5. and Kathy Peiss, Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in Turn-of-the-Century New York (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986).
6. Hunter, To 'Joy My Freedom;
7. Judson, "Negotiating White Supremacy";
8. Darlene Roth, "Matronage, Patterns in Women's Organizations, Atlanta, Georgia, 1890-1940," (Ph.D. diss., George Washington University, 1978);
9. and Jacqueline Rouse, Lugenia Burns Hope: Black Southern Reformer (Athens:, University of Georgia Press, 1989).
10. Deutsch, Women and the City;
11. and Peiss, Cheap Amusements.
12. Jennifer Scanion, ed., The Gender and Consumer Culture Reader, (New York: NYU Press, 2000);
13. and Elizabeth Wilson, The Sphinx in the City: Urban Life, The Control of Disorder, and Women (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
14. For discussions on the early-twentieth-century sexual revolution and the "crumbling" of the Victorian sex/gender system, see Hazel Carby, "It Jus' Be's Dat Way Sometime:" The Sexual Politics of Women's Blues, "Unequal Sisters, 330-340;
15. George Chauncey, Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940 (New York: Basic Books, 1994);
16. John D' Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman, Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America (New York: Harper & Row, 1988);
17. Jacqueline Hall, "Disorderly Women: Gender and Labor Militancy in the Appalachian South," in Unequal Sisters;
18. JoanneMeyerowitz, "Sexual Geography and Gender Economy";
19. Kevin Mumford, Interzones: Black/White Sex Districts in Chicago and New York in the Early Twentieth Century (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997);
20. Population statistics found in Gretchen Maclachlan, "Women's Work: Atlanta's Industrialization and Urbanization, 1897-1929," (Ph.d. diss., Emory University, 1992) 3-6, 376.
21. See also Mark Bauerlein, Negrophobia: A Race Riot in Atlanta, 1906 (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2001) 46-47;
22. Jacqueline Hall, "O. Delight Smith's Progressive Era: Labor, Feminism, and Reform in the Urban South," in Visible Women, New Essays in American Activism, ed. Nancy Hewitt and Suzanne Lebsock (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1993), 166-98, esp. 178;
23. Nancy MacLean, "The Leo Frank Case Reconsidered: Gender and Sexual Politics in the Making of Reactionary Politics," Journal of American History, 78 (December 1991): 917-48;
24. and Elizabeth Wilson, The Sphinx in the City, 66-67.
25. Machlachlan, "Women's Work," 314, 321.
26. Allen Brandt, No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States Since 1880 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987); 53-59;
27. and Victor Kriegshaber, "What the Community Owes to the Soldiers in the Training Camps, City Builder (August 1917) 7.
28. Brandt, No Magic Bullet, 37;
29. Mary Odem, Delinquent Daughters: Protecting and Policing Adolescent Female Sexuality in the United States, 1885-1920 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995);
30. and Hickey, "Visibility, Politics, and Urban Development."
31. Atlanta Constitution, 17 June 1917;
32. see also Kriegshaber, "What the Community Owes to Soldiers In the Training Camps."
33. Dorothy Ross, The Origins of American Social Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 149-59.
34. and Tera Hunter, "Household Workers in the Making: Afro-American Women in Atlanta and the New South, 1861-1920," (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1990), 268.
35. Anna L. Brown, M.D., "Girls-A Home Guard," pamphlet in Neighborhood Union Collection, Atlanta University.
36. See Nancy Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1987) chap. 5;
37. Mumford, Interzones, xviii, 157, 158;
38. and Erika D. Rappaport, "'A New Era of Shopping': The Promotion of Women's Pleasure in London's West End, 1909-1914," in The Gender and Consumer Culture Reader, 43.
39. Sonya Rose, "Sex, Citizenship, and the Nation in World War II Britain," American Historical Review, 103 (October 1998), 1147-1176, quotation on 1163.
40. and Marjorie Spruill Wheeler, New Women of the New South: The Leaders of the Woman Suffrage Movement in the Southern States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993)
41. see also Mina Carson, Settlement Folk: Social Thought and the American Settlement Movement, 1885-1930 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990);
42. Dewey Grantham, Southern Progressivism: The Reconciliation of Progress and Tradition (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1983);
43. William A. Link, The Paradox of Southern Progressivism, 1880-1930 (Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, 1992);
44. and Ross, The Origins of American Social Science.
45. Rose, "Sex, Citizenship, and the Nation in World War II Britain," 1168.
46. See Peiss, Cheap Amusements: Meyerowitz, "Sexual Geography and Gender Economy";
47. and Odem, Delinquent Daughters.
48. Wilson, The Sphinx in the City, 60-61,
49. and Emily McDougald, "Report of Recreation of YWCA," by Florence Dow and "Report of War Work Council of the YWCA,", Lumpkin Collection, Atlanta History Center.
50. See letter to Z. Nespor, Field Secretary, National War Department Commission, Atlanta, from Neighborhood Union, 31 July 1917, Neighborhood Union Collection, Atlanta University;
51. Baldwin, Domesticating the Street, 6.
52. Ruby Cohron, "A Study of Fifty Volunteer Workers in the Phyllis Wheatley YWCA, Atlanta, Georgia," (Master's thesis, Atlanta University, 1942), 5;
53. John Dittmer, Black Georgia in the Progressive Era, 1900-1920 (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1977), 194, fn 44.
54. Shivery, "The History of Organized Social Work Among Negroes," 160.
55. Dittmer, Black Georgia in the Progressive Era, 200;
56. and Bernard Nalty, Strength for the Fight: A History of Black Americans in the Military (New York: The Free Press, 1986) chaps. 7 and 8.
57. List of demands by Atlanta Colored Women's War Work Council, Neighborhood Union Meeting Minutes, 1918, Neighborhood Union Collection, Atlanta University.
58. Kriegshaber, "What the Community Owes to the Soldiers in the Training Camps;"