Kruzhok culture: The meaning of patronage in the early Soviet literary world

Contemporary European History

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 107-123

  Walker, Barbara ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 34247448373     PISSN: 09607773     EISSN: 14692171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0960777302001066     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. See for example Christopher Read, Culture and Power in Revolutionary Russia: The Intelligentsia and the Transition from Tsarism to Communism (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990), 57-93
2. See Nina Tumarkin, Lenin Lives: the Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983)
3. Laurie Manchester, 'The Secularisation of the Search for Salvation: the Self-Fashioning of Orthodox Clergymen's Sons in Late Imperial Russia', Slavic Review, 57, 1 (Spring 1998), 50-76
4. Kendall Bailes, 'Reflections on Russian Professions', in Harley Balzer, ed., Russia's Missing Middle Class: The Professions in Russian History (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1996), 39-54
5. and idem, The Rise of Professional Society: England Since 1880 (London: Routledge, 1989)
6. From B. Eikhenbaum, Molodoi Tolstoi (Berlin: 1922), 85
7. Cited in A. I. Reitblat, 'Literaturnyi gonorar v Rossii XIX-nachala XX v. (K postanovke problemy)', Knizhnoe delo v Rossii vo vtoroi polovine XIX-nachale XX veka, vyp. 3: Sobranie nauchnykh trudov, ed. V. E. Kel'ner (Leningrad: Gosudarstvennaia Publichnaia Biblioteka im. M. E. Saltykova-Shchedrina, 1986), 135
8. V. Shelgunov, 'Literaturnaia sobstvennost''. Sovremennik, 3 (1862), S. 238. Cited in A. I. Reitblat, 'Literaturnyi gonorar v Rossii XIX-nachala XX v.', 135
9. M. Teleshov, 'Vospominaniia o Maksime Gor'kom', in M. Gor'kii v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo khudozhestvennoi literatury, 1955), 189
10. See Daniel Orlovsky, 'Political Clientelism in Russia: the Historical Perspective', in T. H. Rigby and Bohdan Harasyiw, eds., Leadership Selection and Patron-Client Relations in the USSR and Yugoslavia (London: Allan & Unwin, 1983), 174-99
11. P. V. Annenkov, The Extraordinary Decade: Literary Memoirs, trans. Arthur Mendel (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1968), 7-8
12. For an extensive discussion of the intelligentsia 'contemporaries' memoir genre, see Barbara Walker, 'On Reading Soviet Memoirs: A History of the "Contemporaries" Genre as an Institution of Russian Intelligentsia Culture from the 1790s to the 1970s', Russian Review, 59 (July 2000), 327-52
13. Andrei Bely, Nachalo Veka (Moscow: Khudozhestvennaia literatura, 1991), 254
14. Zoe, 'Redefining the Intellectual's Role', 295. According to Zoe, 'podmaksimski' were 'a type of mushroom that glows under a "maksim" tree'
15. Bertram Wolfe, The Bridge and the Abyss: The Troubled Friendship of Maxim Gorky and V. I. Lenin (New York: Praeger, 1967), 24
16. For example: S. Skitalets, 'Maksim Gor'kii', in M. Gor'kii v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov, 161
17. Andrei Bely, Nachalo Veka, 250
18. Evgeny Zamyatin, 'The Cave', in The Dragon: Fifteen Stories, trans. Mirra Ginsburg (New York: Random House, 1966)
19. Ivan Bunin, Memories and Portraits, trans. Vera Traill and Robin Chancellor (London: John Lehman, 1951), 144
20. Russkie pisateli, 1800-1917: Biograficheskii slovar', ed. P. A. Nikolaev (Moscow: NVP FIANIT, 1992), 337
21. See for example his involvement in TsKubu: Institut Mirovoi Literatury (IMLI) Arkhiv Gor'kogo Bio 15/137, 15/7/15/11
22. Again, see Marina Tsvetaeva's memoir of him excerpted and translated in Joan Delaney Grossman, The Diary of Valery Bryusov. It appears that Bryusov rejected Tsvetaeva's manuscript for ideological reasons (p. 171)
23. For NKVD anxiety about the financial operations of a variety of intellectual circles, see GARF f. 393 op. 43 d. 24
24. See N. Lesina, Planerskoe (Koktebel') (Simferopol: Krym, 1969), 19
25. Marina Tsvtaeva, A Captive Spirit: Selected Prose, trans. J. Marin King (Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1980), 48
26. Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Commissariat of Enlightenment: Soviet Organisation of Education and the Arts under Lunacharsky, October 1917-1922 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), 19
27. See Steven Cohen, Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution (New York: Knopf, 1973), 216-23. Like Stalin, Bukharin was evidently engaged in placing certain of his followers in positions of state power
28. 18 June 1925; O Politike partii v oblasti khudozhestvennoi literatury
29. Party Resolution, April 23, 1932, O perestroike literaturno- khudozhesvennykh organizatsii. See: Osnovnye direktivy i zakonodatel'stvo o pechati: sistematicheskii sbornik (Moscow: Sovetskoe zakonodatel'stvo, 1936), 50
30. IRLI Pushkinskii dom f. 562 op. 3 d. 72
31. Mandel'shtam, Hope Against Hope, 113
32. Isaac Deutscher, Stalin, A Political Biography, 2nd edn. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1966)