A crime against women: Calhoun on the wrongness of rape

Journal of Social Philosophy

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 286-293

  Burgess Jackson, Keith ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247317015     PISSN: 00472786     EISSN: 14679833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0047-2786.00046     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Robin Morgan, "Theory and Practice: Pornography and Rape", in Take Back the Night: Women on Pornography, ed. Laura Lederer (New York: William Morrow and Company, 1980), p. 135 (italics in original).
2. Susan Brownmiller, Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975), p. 254.
3. See Catharine A. MacKinnon, "Reflections on Sex Equality under Law", Yale Law Journal 100(March 1991):1303;
4. see also Catharine A. MacKinnon, "The Palm Beach Hanging", New York Times, 15 December 1991, sec. 4, p. 15.
5. Catharine A. MacKinnon, "'Freedom from Unreal Loyalties': On Fidelity in Constitutional Interpretation", Fordham Law Review 65(March 1997):1777.
6. See Ronald Dworkin, Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996).
7. See, for example, J. H. Bogart, "On the Nature of Rape", Public Affairs Quarterly 5(April 1991):117-36;
8. J. H. Bogart, "Reconsidering Rape: Rethinking the Conceptual Foundations of Rape Law", Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 8(January 1995):159-82;
9. Keith Burgess-Jackson, "Three Theories of Rape", in Rape: A Philosophical Investigation (Aldershot, England: Dartmouth Publishing Company, 1996), pp. 43-64;
10. Keith Burgess-Jackson", A Theory of Rape", in A Most Detestable Crime: New Philosophical Essays on Rape, ed. Keith Burgess-Jackson (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 92-117;
11. Claudia Card, "Rape as a Terrorist Institution", in Violence, Terrorism, and Justice, ed. R. G. Frey and Christopher W. Morris (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 296-319;
12. Michael Davis, "Setting Penalties: What Does Rape Deserve?" Law and Philosophy 3(April 1984):61-110;
13. Donald A. Dripps, "Beyond Rape: An Essay on the Difference between the Presence of Force and the Absence of Consent", Columbia Law Review 92(November 1992):1780-1809;
14. Pamela Foa, "What's Wrong with Rape", in Feminism and Philosophy, ed. Mary Vetterling-Braggin, Frederick A. Elliston, and Jane English (Totowa, N. J.: Littlefield, Adams & Company, 1977), pp. 347-59;
15. Marilyn A. Friedman and Larry May, "Harming Women as a Group", Social Theory and Practice 11(Summer 1985):207-34;
16. Lynne N. Henderson, "What Makes Rape a Crime?" review of Real Rape, by Susan Estrich, in Berkeley Women's Law Journal 3(1988):193-229;
17. Catharine A. MacKinnon, "Rape: On Coercion and Consent", in Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1989), pp. 171-83, 295-99;
18. Dorothy E. Roberts, "Rape, Violence, and Women's Autonomy", Chicago-Kent Law Review 69(1993):359-88;
19. Stephen J. Schulhofer, "Taking Sexual Autonomy Seriously: Rape Law and Beyond", Law and Philosophy 11(1992):35-94;
20. Carolyn M. Shafer and Marilyn Frye, "Rape and Respect", in Vetterling-Braggin et al., Feminism and Philosophy, pp. 333-46;
21. and Robin West, "The Harms of Consensual Sex", American Philosophical Association Newsletters on Feminism and Philosophy and Philosophy and Law 94(Spring 1995):52-55.
22. For a more complete bibliography of the literature, see Burgess-Jackson, A Most Detestable Crime.
23. Laurie Calhoun, "On Rape: A Crime against Humanity", Journal of Social Philosophy 28(Spring 1997):101-109.
24. David Brereton, "How Different Are Rape Trials? A Comparison of the Cross-Examination of Complainants in Rape and Assault Trials", British Journal of Criminology 37(Spring 1997):243.
25. See also Deborah W. Denno, "Introduction: Why Rape Is Different", Fordham Law Review 63(October 1994):127.
26. "Outside of prisons and other custodial institutions, over 90% of rape victims are female." Stephen J. Schulhofer, "The Feminist Challenge in Criminal Law", University of Pennsylvania Law Review 143(June 1995):2155-56
27. (citing Bureau of Justice Statistics, U. S. Department of Justice, Highlights from 20 Years of Surveying Crime Victims 9 [1993]).
28. This may seem odd, but as Jacob Hale points out, "a thoroughly cultural construct, such as the game of baseball, can have essential characteristics: without a ball, it isn't a baseball game." Jacob Hale, "Are Lesbians Women?" Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 11(Spring 1996):104.
29. The it-is-merely fallacy occurs when one infers "X is merely F" from "X is F." See Antony Flew, Philosophy: An Introduction (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1979), p. 8: "
30. See MacKinnon, "Reflections on Sex Equality under Law." MacKinnon says that "[t]he atrocity [sexual assault] is de jure illegal but de facto permitted." Ibid., p. 1303.
31. See Catharine A. MacKinnon, Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A Case of Sex Discrimination (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979).
32. See, for example, Keith Burgess-Jackson, "Wife Rape", Public Affairs Quarterly 12(January 1998):1-22.
33. See "Philosophical Issues in Rape Law", published in Law and Philosophy: An International Journal for Jurisprudence and Legal Philosophy 11(1992):1-178
34. "Symposium on Consent in Sexual Relations", published in Legal Theory 2(June 1996):87-164
35. and "Women and Violence", published in Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 11(Fall 1996):1-145 (edited by Bat-Ami Bar On).
36. See also Leslie Francis, ed., Date Rape: Feminism, Philosophy, and the Law (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996)
37. and Stanley G. French, Wanda Teays, and Laura M. Purdy, eds., Violence against Women: Philosophical Perspectives (Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998).
38. MacKinnon, "Reflections on Sex Equality under Law", p. 1303.