The EU'S role in the fight against racism and xenophobia: Evaluation and prospects after Amsterdam and Tampere

Liverpool Law Review

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 7-20

  Monar, Jörg ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Area of freedom security and justice; Judicial cooperation; Mainstreaming; Non discrimination; Racism; Tampere European Council; Treaty of Amsterdam; Xenophobia

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247300865     PISSN: 0144932X     EISSN: 15728625     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1026506010098     Document Type: Review

References (22)

1. Corfu European Council of 24 to 25 June 1994, Conclusions of the Presidency, part III. 1. Previous European Council 'Declarations' on the subject (adopted at the Dublin European Council of June 1990 and at the Maastricht European Council of December 1991) had been much less substantial.
2. This commitment to a set of fundamental values finds its foremost expression in Article 6(1) and (2) TEU.
3. The aim is to have a draft Charter drawn up by a special body and presented to the Heads of State and Government before the end of the year 2000 (Council Press Release 10621/99, p. 9). Work on the draft Charter by a body composed of representatives of representatives of the Heads of State or Government, the Commission, the European Parliament and national parliaments started in February 2000. It seems likely that provisions against racism will come on its agenda. Yet at this stage it is difficult to say in what form and it is also not yet clear whether the Charter will provide for enforceable judicial remedies.
4. It can only be launched by a unanimous decision of the Heads of State and Government (without taking into account the vote of the representative of the government of the Member State in question) on a proposal by one third of the Member States or by the Commission and after obtaining the assent of the European Parliament.
5. See, for instance, the Resolution on racism and xenophobia (EP Doc. B4-0261/94), the Resolution on racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism (EP Doc. B4-1239/95) and the Resolution on racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism and the result of the European Year Against Racism (Official Journal of the European Communities (OJ) C 056 of 23 February 1998).
6. Apart from the already mentioned Conclusions of the Corfu European Council of June 1994 see the Conclusions of the European Councils of Essen (December 1994), Cannes (June 1995), Madrid (December 1995), Florence (June 1996) and Dublin (December 1996).
7. See, for instance, the Declaration by the Council and the representatives of the Governments of the Member States on the European Year Against Racism (OJ C 237 of 15 August 1996.
8. See, for instance, the European Commission's Communication on racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism of 13 December 1995 (COM(95) 653 final).
9. See Report from the European Commission on the implementation of the European Year Against Racism, COM(1999) 268 final of 3 June 1999.
10. On the use of EU education and training programmes for the fight against racism and xenophobia in the applicant countries see the European Commission's communication on 'Countering racism, xenophobia and anti-semitism in the candidate countries' of 26 May 1999, COM(1999) 256 final, Annex pp. 12-13.
11. Council Regulation (EC) No 1035/97 of 2 June 1997 establishing a European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (OJ L 151 of 10 June 1997).
12. See European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia: Work Programme 1999, Vienna, 25 March 1999.
13. European Commission: An action plan against racism (COM(98) 183 final).
14. OJ C 19 of 23 January 1999, p. 15.
15. See Presidency Conclusions, Tampere European Council, 15 and 16 October 1999, Council Doc. SN 200/99, paragraphs 18 and 19.
16. See European Commission: Communication on certain Community measures to combat discrimination of 25 November 1999 (COM(1999) 564 final), p. 8.
17. Nr. 96/443/JHA, OJ L 185 of 24 July 1996, pp. 5-7.
18. OJ L 287 of 8 November 1996, pp. 3-6.
19. OJ L 7 of 10 January 1997, pp. 5-8.
20. OJ L 99 of 31 March 1998, pp. 2-7.
21. See European Commission: Communication on certain Community measures to combat discrimination of 25 November 1999 (COM(1999) 564 final), pp. 3-4 and 23-28.
22. Presidency Conclusions, Tampere European Council, 15 and 16 October 1999, Council Doc. SN 200/99, paragraph 19.