Neopopulism in contemporary Ecuador: The case of Bucaram's use of the mass media

International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 555-571

  De La Torre, Carlos ^a  

^a DREW UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247288177     PISSN: 08914486     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1025986009032     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. This research was founded by the Centra Andino de Acción Popular, Quito-Ecuador, and by a Faculty Research Grant of Drew University. A preliminary version of this paper was presented in the conference "Media and the Politics of Democracy," at the New School for Social Research, 6 March 1998. I want to thank the participants in the conference, and specially Andrew Arato, Jeffrey Goldfarb, Timo Lyyra, Carmen Martínez, and Arthur Vidich for their comments.
2. Pierre Bourdieu, On Television (New York: The New Press, 1998), 10.
3. Giovanni Sartori, Homo Videns. La Sociedad Teledirigida (Madrid: Taurus, 1998).
4. Pierre-André Taguieff, "Political Science Confronts Populism: From a Conceptual Mirage to a Real Problem," Telos 103 (Spring 1995), 42-43.
5. Andreas Schedler, "Introduction: Antipolitics-Closing and Colonizing the Public Sphere," in Andreas Schedler, ed., The End of Politics? Explorations into Modern Antipolitics (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997): 1-21.
6. Venicio A. de Lima, Venicio A, "Brazilian Television in the 1989 Presidential Campaign: Constructing a President," in Thomas Skidmore, ed., Television, Politics, and the Transition to Democracy in Latin America (Washington and Baltimore: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, and The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993): 97-118;
7. James Petras, "Alternatives to Neoliberalism in Latin America," Latin American Perspectives 24: 1 (1997): 80-91;
8. Aníbal Quijano, "Populismo y Fujimorismo," in Felipe Burbano, ed., El Fantasma del Populismo. Aproximación a un Tema [Siempre] Actual (Caracas: Nueva Sociedad, 1998): 171-207;
9. Beatriz Sarlo, "Argentina Under Menem: The Aesthetics of Domination, in Fred Rosen and Diedre MacFayden, eds., Free Trade and Economic Restructuring in Latin America (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1995): 253-262;
10. Daniel Zirker, "Jose Nun's 'Middle-class military coup' in contemporary perspective: implications of Latin America's neoliberal democratic coalitions," Latin American Perspectives 25: 5 (1998): 76-86.
11. Joseph Straubhaar, Organ Olsen, and Maria Cavaliari Nunes, "The Brazilian Case: Influencing the Voter," in Thomas Skidmore, ed., Television, Politics, and the Transition to Democracy in Latin America, 120.
12. Kenneth Roberts, "Neoliberalism and the Transformation of Populism in Latin America. The Peruvian Case," World Politics 48 (October 1995): 82-116;
13. Kurt Weyland, "Neopopulism and Neoliberalism in Latin America: Unexpected Affinities," Studies in Comparative International Development 31, 3 (1996): 3-31.
14. Leon Zamosc, "Agrarian Protest and the Indian Movement in the Ecuadorian Highlands," Latin American Research Review 29, 3 (1994): 43.
15. Zamosc, "Agrarian Protest," 53.
16. Zamosc, "Agrarian Protest," 43.
17. William Waters, "The Road of Many Returns: Rural Bases of the Informal Urban Economy in Ecuador," Latin American Perspectives 24, 3 (1997): 55-56.
18. Catherine Conaghan, "Politicians Against Parties. Discord and Disconnection in Ecuador's Party System," in Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully, eds., Building Democratic Institutions. Parly Systems in Latin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995), 452.
19. Waters, "The Road of Many Returns," 54.
20. Conaghan, "Politicians Against Parties," 450.
21. Jaime Roldós, 1979-81; Osvaldo Hurtado, 1981-84; León Febres Cordero, 1984-88; Rodrigo Borja, 1988-92; Sixto Durán Ballén, 1992-96; Abdalá Bucaram August, 1996-February 1997; Fabian Alarcon February, 1997-August 1998; Jamil Mahuad August, 1998-present.
22. Anita Isaacs, "Problems of Democratic Consolidation in Ecuador," Bulletin of Latin American Research 10, 2 (1991): 221-39.
23. Brian Loveman, "Protected Democracies' and Military Guardianship: Political Transitions in Latin America, 1978-1993," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 36, 2 (1994): 105-91.
24. Hoy, Quito, 4 July 1996.
25. Michael Kimmel, "Masculinity as Homophobia. Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity," in Harry Brod and Michael Kaufman, eds., Theorizing Masculinities (Thousands Oaks California: Sage Publications, 1994), 129.
26. Doris Sommer, "Irresistible romance: the foundational fictions of Latin America," in Homi Bhabha, ed., Nation and Narration (New York: Routledge, 1990), 75.
27. See the essays in the book edited by Rafael Quintero, La Cuestión Regionaly el Poder Quito: (Corporation Editora National, 1991).
28. In a recent study of Lebanese and other Middle Eastern immigrants in Ecuador, Mónica Almieda writes: "The elite of Guayaquil denied this class of nouveau riche membership in the city's most prestigious social club, the Club de la Union, until the 1970s and 80s." Mónica Almeida, "Phoenicians of the Pacific: Lebanese and Other Middle Easterners in Ecuador," The Americas, 53: 1 (1996): 104.
29. Louis Crawford de Roberts, Los Libaneses en el Ecuador. Una Vida de Éxitos (Fundación Cultural Ecuatoriano-Libanesa Nicasio Safadi, 1997);
30. Diana Jean Schemo, "Populist victory in Ecuador worries the elite,"New York Times, 22 July 1996, p.A5).
31. Amparo Menéndez-Carrión, La Conquista del Voto (Quito: Corporación Editora National, 1986).
32. Carlos Vilas "Buscando al Leviatán: hipótesis sobre ciudadanía, desigualdad y democracia," in Emir Sader, ed., Democracia sin Exclusiones ni Excluidos (Caracas: Nueva Sociedad, 1998), 132.
33. For analyses of Menem's use of mass culture and the media, see Marcos Novaro and Vicente Palermo, Politico y Poder en el Gobierno de Menem (Buenos Aires: FLACSO-Norma, 1996);
34. José Nun, "populismo, representación y menemismo," Sociedad, 5 (1994): 93-121;
35. and Beatriz Sario, "Argentina Under Menem."
36. Schedler, "Introduction," 13.
37. Bucaram's level of popularity in Quito deteriorated rapidly. On 17 August 53 percent had approved of his government. By 19 October he was rejected by 64 percent of respondents, and on 11 January 1997 by 90 percent of Quito's residents. (Informe Confidential, Encuestas Sobre Imagen y Labor de Abdalá Bucaram).
38. Mikhail Bakhtin, Rabelais and His World (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984), 187.
39. These accusations reproduced entrenched anti-Lebanese prejudices. In 1926 the authorities ordered the expulsion of a prosperous merchant on the charges that Arabs are "responsible for the widespread corruption in the country." Monica Almeida, "Phoenicians of the Pacific," 102.
40. Clifford Geertz, "Centers, Kings, and Charisma: Reflections on the Symbolics of Power," in Sean Wilentz, ed., Rites of Power. Symbolism, Ritual and Politics Since the Middle Ages (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985), 13-38.
41. Nancy Fraser, Justice Interruptus (New York: Routledge, 1997), 69-98.
42. Guillermo O'Donnell, "Delegative Democracy, "Journal of Democracy, 5, 1 (January 1994): 55-69.
43. Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz, Media Events (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992);
44. Tamar Liebes and James Curan, eds., Media, Ritual and Identity (London: Routledge, 1998).
45. See my forthcoming book Populist Seductions in Latin America (Athens: Ohio University Press).
46. Judith Butler, "Contingent Foundations," in Seyla Benhabid, Judith Butler, Drucilla Cornell, and Nancy Fraser, Feminist Contentions. A Philosophical Exchange (New York: Routledge, 1995), 47.
47. Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro, "The Legacy of Authoritarianism in Democratic Brazil," in Stuart Nagel, ed., Latin American Development and Public Policy (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994), 247.