Nonsteroidal drugs for the treatment of noninfectious posterior and intermediate uveitis

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 212-219

  Imrie, Fraser R ^a   Dick, Andrew D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Biologics; Immunosuppression; Interferon alpha; Tumour necrosis factor; Uveitis

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; ALPHA INTERFERON; AZATHIOPRINE; BETA INTERFERON; CHLORAMBUCIL; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; DACLIZUMAB; ETANERCEPT; INFLIXIMAB; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ISONIAZID; METHOTREXATE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OCTREOTIDE; PREDNISOLONE; RAPAMYCIN; RECOMBINANT ALPHA2A INTERFERON; RECOMBINANT ALPHA2B INTERFERON; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; TACROLIMUS;

ABSENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS; ALOPECIA; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; BEHCET DISEASE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; CANCER; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CHORIORETINOPATHY; DEPRESSION; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG INTERMITTENT THERAPY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EPILEPSY; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; GALLSTONE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOMODULATION; INFERTILITY; INJECTION SITE BURNING; INJECTION SITE PAIN; INJECTION SITE ULCER; INTERMEDIATE UVEITIS; KIDNEY FAILURE; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; LUPUS LIKE SYNDROME; METABOLIC DISORDER; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUTROPENIA; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA MACULA EDEMA; REVIEW; SARCOIDOSIS; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN TEST; TERATOGENICITY; THERAPY EFFECT; TREATMENT CONTRAINDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; UVEITIS; VASCULITIS; VOGT KOYANAGI SYNDROME;

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; HUMANS; UVEITIS, INTERMEDIATE; UVEITIS, POSTERIOR;

EID: 34247252966     PISSN: 10408738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3281107fef     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Suttorp-Schulten MS, Rothova A. The possible impact of uveitis in blindness: a literature survey. Br J Ophthalmol 1996; 80:844-848.
2. Jabs DA, Rosenbaum JT, Foster CS, et al. Guidelines for the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders: recommendations of an expert panel. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 130:492-513.
3. Dunn JP. Review of immunosuppressive drug therapy in uveitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2004; 15:293-298.
4. Okada AA. Noninfectious uveitis: a scarcity of randomized clinical trials. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123:682-683.
5. The Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Working G: Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. results of the first international workshop. Am J Ophthalmol 2005; 140:509-516.
6. Baker KB, Spurrier NJ, Watkins AS, et al. Retention time for corticosteroid-sparing systemic immunosuppressive agents in patients with inflammatory eye disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90:1481-1485. This is a retrospective review of the retention time of immunosuppressants showing that, because of tolerability, methotrexate is an effective choice of second-line agent for inflammatory eye disease.
7. Hamilton RA, Kremer JM. Why intramuscular methotrexate may be more efficacious than oral dosing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1997; 36:86-90.
8. Samson CM, Waheed N, Baltatzis S, et al. Methotrexate therapy for chronic noninfectious uveitis: analysis of a case series of 160 patients. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:1134-1139.
9. Malik AR, Pavesio C. The use of low dose methotrexate in children with chronic anterior and intermediate uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:806-808.
10. Thorne JE, Jabs DA, Qazi FA, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil therapy for inflammatory eye disease. Ophthalmology 2005; 112:1472-1477.
11. Siepmann K, Huber M, Stubiger N, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil is a highly effective and safe immunosuppressive agent for the treatment of uveitis: a retrospective analysis of 106 patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 244:788-794. This is a large, retrospective case series confirming previous reports of efficacy of MMF in heterogenous groups of noninfectious uveitis.
12. Vianna RN, Ozdal PC, Deschenes J, et al. Combination of azathioprine and corticosteroids in the treatment of serpiginous choroiditis. Can J Ophthalmol 2006; 41:183-189.
13. Choudhary A, Harding SP, Bucknall RC, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil as an immunosuppressive agent in refractory inflammatory eye disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2006; 22:168-175.
14. Doycheva DG, Deuter CM, Stuebiger N, et al. Mycophenolate mofetile in the treatment of uveitis in children. Br J Ophthalmol (in press).
15. Masuda K, Nakajima A, Urayama A, et al. Double-masked trial of cyclosporin versus colchicine and long-term open study of cyclosporin in Behcet's disease. Lancet 1989; 1:1093-1096.
16. Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG, Chan CC, et al. Randomized, double-masked study of cyclosporine compared to prednisolone in the treatment of endogenous uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1991; 112:138-146.
17. Menezo V, Lau C, Comer M, et al. Clinical outcome of chronic immunosuppression in patients with noninfectious uveitis. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2005; 33:16-21.
18. Murphy CC, Greiner K, Plskova J, et al. Cyclosporine vs tacrolimus therapy for posterior and intermediate uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123:634-641.
19. Oh IK, Keino H, Goto H, et al. Intravitreal injection of Tacrolimus (FK506) suppresses ongoing experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in Rats. Br J Ophthalmol (in press).
20. Dong X, Shi W, Yuan G, et al. Intravitreal implantation of the biodegradable cyclosporin A drug delivery system for experimental chronic uveitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 244:492-497.
21. Gilger BC, Salmon JH, Wilkie DA, et al. A novel bioerodible deep scleral lamellar cyclosporine implant for uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:2596-2605.
22. Shanmuganathan VA, Casely EM, Raj D, et al. The efficacy of sirolimus in the treatment of patients with refractory uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:666-669.
23. Durrani K, Papaliodis GN, Foster CS. Pulse IV cyclophosphamide in ocular inflammatory disease: efficacy and short-term safety. Ophthalmology 2004; 111:960-965.
24. Rosenbaum JT. Treatment of severe refractory uveitis with intravenous cyclophosphamide. J Rheumatol 1994; 21:123-125.
25. Kiss S, Ahmed M, Letko E, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy treated with corticosteroid-sparing systemic immunomodulatory therapy. Ophthalmology 2005; 112:1066-1071.
26. Rothova A, Berendschot TT, Probst K, et al. Birdshot chorioretinopathy: long-term manifestations and visual prognosis. Ophthalmology 2004; 111:954-959.
27. Lim L, Suhler EB, Smith JR. Biologic therapies for inflammatory eye disease. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2006; 34:365-374.
28. Lindstedt EW, Baarsma GS, Kuijpers RW, et al. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy for sight threatening uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:533-536.
29. Dick AD, Forrester JV, Liversidge J, et al. The role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Prog Retin Eye Res 2004; 23:617-637.
30. Cochrane S, Dick A. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha-targeted therapies in uveitis. In: Pleyer U, Foster C, editors. Uveitis and immunological disorders. Berlin: Springer; 2007. pp. 177-192.
31. Ohno S, Nakamura S, Hori S, et al. Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of multiple administration of infliximab in Behcet's disease with refractory uveoretinitis. J Rheumatol 2004; 31:1362-1368.
32. Benitez-del-Castillo JM, Martinez-de-la-Casa JM, Pato-Cour E, et al. Long-term treatment of refractory posterior uveitis with anti-TNFalpha (infliximab). Eye 2005; 19:841-845.
33. Suhler EB, Smith JR, Wertheim MS, et al. A prospective trial of infliximab therapy for refractory uveitis: preliminary safety and efficacy outcomes. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123:903-912.
34. Tugal-Tutkun I, Mudun A, Urgancioglu M, et al. Efficacy of infliximab in the treatment of uveitis that is resistant to treatment with the combination of azathioprine, cyclosporine, and corticosteroids in Behcet's disease: an open-label trial. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52:2478-2484.
35. Rajaraman RT, Kimura Y, Li S, et al. Retrospective case review of pediatric patients with uveitis treated with infliximab. Ophthalmology 2006; 113:308-314.
36. Saurenmann RK, Levin AV, Rose JB, et al. Tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors in the treatment of childhood uveitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:982-989.
37. Kahn P, Weiss M, Imundo LF, et al. Favorable response to high-dose infliximab for refractory childhood uveitis. Ophthalmology 2006; 113:864.
38. Galor A, Perez VL, Hammel JP, et al. Differential effectiveness of etanercept and infliximab in the treatment of ocular inflammation. Ophthalmology 2006; 113:2317-2323.
39. Abu El-Asrar AM, Abboud EB, Aldibhi H, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of infliximab therapy in refractory uveitis due to Behcet's disease. Int Ophthalmol 2005; 26:83-92.
40. Richards JC, Tay-Kearney ML, Murray K, et al. Infliximab for juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2005; 33:461-468.
41. Schmeling H, Horneff G. Etanercept and uveitis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:1008-1011.
42. Smith JA, Thompson DJ, Whitcup SM, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial of etanercept for the treatment of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 53:18-23.
43. Biester S, Deuter C, Michels H et al. Adalimumab in the therapy of uveitis in Childhood. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; Oct 11 [Epub ahead of print]. This retrospective case series shows possible benefits of subcutaneous delivery of adalimumab in childhood uveitis.
44. Vazquez-Cobian LB, Flynn T, Lehman TJA. Adalimumab therapy for childhood uveitis. J Pediatr 2006; 149:572-575. This is a prospective interventional case series demonstrating efficacy of adalimumab in childhood uveitis, with no significant adverse events reported.
45. Mushtaq B, Saeed T, Situnayake RD, et al. Adalimumab for sight-threatening uveitis in Behcet's disease. Eye (in press).
46. Sharma SM, Ramanan AV, Riley P, et al. Use of infliximab in juvenile onset rheumatological disease associated refractory uveitis: efficacy in joint and ocular disease. Ann Rheum Dis (in press).
47. Nussenblatt RB, Fortin E, Schiffman R, et al. Treatment of noninfectious intermediate and posterior uveitis with the humanized anti-Tac mAb: a phase I/II clinical trial. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:7462-7466.
48. Nussenblatt RB, Peterson JS, Foster CS, et al. Initial evaluation of subcutaneous daclizumab treatments for noninfectious uveitis: a multicenter noncomparative interventional case series. Ophthalmology 2005; 112:764-770.
49. Teoh S, Sharma S, Hogan A et al. Tailoring biologic therapy: anakinra treatment of CINCA-associated posterior uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol (in press).
50. Lim WK, Fujimoto C, Ursea R, et al. Suppression of immune-mediated ocular inflammation in mice by interleukin 1 receptor antagonist administration. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123:957-963.
51. Plskova J, Greiner K, Muckersie E, et al. Interferon-alpha: a key factor in autoimmune disease? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:3946-3950. This is a clinical science report on cohort of patients treated with IFN-α demonstrating that immune dysfunction in posterior uveitis may be secondary to an inability of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to generate IFN-α.
52. Palucka AK, Blanck JP, Bennett L, et al. Cross-regulation of TNF and IFN-alpha in autoimmune diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:3372-3377.
53. Kotter I, Eckstein AK, Stubiger N, et al. Treatment of ocular symptoms of Behcet's disease with interferon alpha 2a: a pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol 1998; 82:488-494.
54. Kotter I, Zierhut M, Eckstein AK, et al. Human recombinant interferon alfa-2a for the treatment of Behcet's disease with sight threatening posterior or panuveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:423-431.
55. Tugal-Tutkun I, Guney-Tefekli E, Urgancioglu M. Results of interferon-alfa therapy in patients with Behcet uveitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; May 4 [Epub ahead of print]. This retrospective case series confirms the efficacy of IFN-α in Behcet's uveitis, but questions the level of previously reported immunomodulation during therapy and complete remission after discontinuation of therapy.
56. Sobaci G, Bayraktar Z, Bayer A. Interferon alpha-2a treatment for serpiginous choroiditis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2005; 13:59-66.
57. Bodaghi B, Gendron G, Wechsler B et al. Efficacy of interferon alpha in the treatment of refractory and sight-threatening uveitis: a retrospective monocentric study of 45 patients. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; Oct 18; [Epub ahead of print]. This retrospective case series review confirms the efficacy of infliximab in Behcet's uveitis and demonstrates a much lesser effect in non-Behcet's uveitis.
58. Kotter I, Deuter C, Stubiger N, et al. Interferon-a (IFN-a) application versus tumor necrosis factor-a antagonism for ocular Behcet's disease: focusing more on IFN. J Rheumatol 2005; 32:1633.
59. Wechsler B, Sable-Fourtassou R, Bodaghi B, et al. Infliximab in refractory uveitis due to Behcet's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004; 22:S14-S16.
60. Becker MD, Heiligenhaus A, Hudde T, et al. Interferon as a treatment for uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:1254-1257.
61. Markomichelakis NN, Theodossiadis PG, Pantelia E, et al. Infliximab for chronic cystoid macular edema associated with uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 138:648-650.
62. Deuter CM, Koetter I, Guenaydin I, et al. Interferon alfa-2a: a new treatment option for long lasting refractory cystoid macular edema in uveitis? A pilot study. Retina 2006; 26:786-791.
63. Kafkala C, Choi JY, Choopong P, et al. Octreotide as a treatment for uveitic cystoid macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol 2006; 124:1353-1355.
64. Tranos P, Scott R, Zambarajki H, et al. The effect of pars plana vitrectomy on cystoid macular oedema associated with chronic uveitis: a randomised, controlled pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90:1107-1110.
65. van Kooij B, Fijnheer R, de Boer J, et al. A randomized, masked, cross-over trial of lisinopril for inflammatory macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 141:646-651.
66. Nussenblatt RB, Kim J, Thompson DJ, et al. Vitamin E in the treatment of uveitis-associated macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 141:193-194.
67. Whitcup SM, Csaky KG, Podgor MJ, et al. A randomized, masked, cross-over trial of acetazolamide for cystoid macular edema in patients with uveitis. Ophthalmology 1996; 103:1054-1062.