메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 91, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 26-35

Thermal environment affects morphological and behavioral development of Rattus norvegicus

Author keywords

Acclimation; Behavior; Chronic; Development; Environment; Morphology; Neonate; Norway rat; Shuttle box; Temperature; Thermal; Thermal preference

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; BODY MASS; BODY SIZE; COLD ACCLIMATIZATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEAT ACCLIMATIZATION; MALE; MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PERINATAL PERIOD; PLASTICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; TEMPERATURE ACCLIMATIZATION;

EID: 34247209016     PISSN: 00319384     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.01.013     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0000391913 scopus 로고
    • Development of temperature regulation
    • Blass E.M. (Ed), Plenum Press, New York
    • Leon M. Development of temperature regulation. In: Blass E.M. (Ed). Handbook of neurobiology: developmental psychology (1986), Plenum Press, New York p297-322
    • (1986) Handbook of neurobiology: developmental psychology
    • Leon, M.1
  • 2
    • 0011364368 scopus 로고
    • Growth rates of rats born at 5 and 30 °C
    • Chevillard L., Porter R., and Cadot M. Growth rates of rats born at 5 and 30 °C. Fed Proc 22 (1963) 699-703
    • (1963) Fed Proc , vol.22 , pp. 699-703
    • Chevillard, L.1    Porter, R.2    Cadot, M.3
  • 3
    • 0030228513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental temperature modulates onset of independent feeding: warmer is sooner
    • Gerrish C.J., and Alberts J.R. Environmental temperature modulates onset of independent feeding: warmer is sooner. Dev Psychobiol 29 6 (1996) 483-495
    • (1996) Dev Psychobiol , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 483-495
    • Gerrish, C.J.1    Alberts, J.R.2
  • 4
    • 0031720490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute, early thermal experience alters weaning onset in rats
    • Gerrish C.J., Onischak C.M., and Alberts J.R. Acute, early thermal experience alters weaning onset in rats. Physiol Behav 64 4 (1998) 463-474
    • (1998) Physiol Behav , vol.64 , Issue.4 , pp. 463-474
    • Gerrish, C.J.1    Onischak, C.M.2    Alberts, J.R.3
  • 5
    • 33746027061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal environment affects hair coat development of Norway rats
    • Villarreal J.A., and Prange H.D. Thermal environment affects hair coat development of Norway rats. J Therm Biol 31 6 (2006) 467-472
    • (2006) J Therm Biol , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 467-472
    • Villarreal, J.A.1    Prange, H.D.2
  • 6
    • 4644265632 scopus 로고
    • Effect of warm rearing on the development of thermolytic effectors in rats
    • Demicka A., and Caputa M. Effect of warm rearing on the development of thermolytic effectors in rats. J Therm Biol 18 4 (1993) 251-256
    • (1993) J Therm Biol , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 251-256
    • Demicka, A.1    Caputa, M.2
  • 7
    • 0029054056 scopus 로고
    • Warm rearing modifies temperature regulation in rats
    • Caputa M., and Demicka A. Warm rearing modifies temperature regulation in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol 46 2 (1995) 195-203
    • (1995) J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-203
    • Caputa, M.1    Demicka, A.2
  • 8
    • 29044444771 scopus 로고
    • Different effects of warm rearing and heat acclimation on the development of cutaneous arteriovenous anastomoses in rats
    • Demicka A., and Caputa M. Different effects of warm rearing and heat acclimation on the development of cutaneous arteriovenous anastomoses in rats. J Therm Biol 18 4 (1993) 257-262
    • (1993) J Therm Biol , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 257-262
    • Demicka, A.1    Caputa, M.2
  • 9
    • 0031989237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rearing temperature on body weight and abdominal fat in male and female rats
    • Young J.B., and Shimano Y. Effects of rearing temperature on body weight and abdominal fat in male and female rats. Am J Physiol 43 (1998) 398-405
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.43 , pp. 398-405
    • Young, J.B.1    Shimano, Y.2
  • 10
    • 0019369673 scopus 로고
    • Effects of room temperature on reproduction, body and organ weights, food and water intake, and hematology in rats
    • Yamaguchi C., Fujita S., Obara T., and Ueda T. Effects of room temperature on reproduction, body and organ weights, food and water intake, and hematology in rats. Lab Anim Sci 31 (1981) 251-258
    • (1981) Lab Anim Sci , vol.31 , pp. 251-258
    • Yamaguchi, C.1    Fujita, S.2    Obara, T.3    Ueda, T.4
  • 11
    • 0025073999 scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine turnover in brown adipose tissue of young rats: effects of rearing temperature
    • Bertin R., Mouroux I., De Marco F., and Portet R. Norepinephrine turnover in brown adipose tissue of young rats: effects of rearing temperature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 28 (1990) 90-96
    • (1990) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.28 , pp. 90-96
    • Bertin, R.1    Mouroux, I.2    De Marco, F.3    Portet, R.4
  • 12
    • 0018778660 scopus 로고
    • Lasting effect of infantile cold experience on cold tolerance in adult rats
    • Doi K., and Kuroshima A. Lasting effect of infantile cold experience on cold tolerance in adult rats. Jpn J Physiol 29 (1979) 139-150
    • (1979) Jpn J Physiol , vol.29 , pp. 139-150
    • Doi, K.1    Kuroshima, A.2
  • 13
    • 0019422639 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of environmental influence on the development of thermoregulation in the rat
    • Ferguson A.V., Veale W.L., and Cooper K.E. Evidence of environmental influence on the development of thermoregulation in the rat. Can J Physiol 59 (1981) 91-95
    • (1981) Can J Physiol , vol.59 , pp. 91-95
    • Ferguson, A.V.1    Veale, W.L.2    Cooper, K.E.3
  • 14
    • 0011022672 scopus 로고
    • Effect of environmental temperature on the development of thermoregulatory mechanisms in infant rats
    • Hahn P. Effect of environmental temperature on the development of thermoregulatory mechanisms in infant rats. Nature 178 (1956) 96-97
    • (1956) Nature , vol.178 , pp. 96-97
    • Hahn, P.1
  • 15
    • 0025534017 scopus 로고
    • Thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue of developing rats: effects of rearing temperature
    • Mouroux I.R., Bertin R., and Porter R. Thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue of developing rats: effects of rearing temperature. J Dev Physiol (Eynsham) 14 6 (1990) 337-342
    • (1990) J Dev Physiol (Eynsham) , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 337-342
    • Mouroux, I.R.1    Bertin, R.2    Porter, R.3
  • 16
    • 0026030036 scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on cold acclimation in rats: metabolic and behavioral responses
    • Owen T.L., Spencer R.L., and Duckle S.P. Effect of age on cold acclimation in rats: metabolic and behavioral responses. Am J Physiol 260 (1991) 284-289
    • (1991) Am J Physiol , vol.260 , pp. 284-289
    • Owen, T.L.1    Spencer, R.L.2    Duckle, S.P.3
  • 17
    • 0032708896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selected ambient temperatures of rats acclimated to heat given on various schedules
    • Sugimoto N., Sakurada S., and Shido O. Selected ambient temperatures of rats acclimated to heat given on various schedules. Pflugers Arch 438 6 (1999) 766-770
    • (1999) Pflugers Arch , vol.438 , Issue.6 , pp. 766-770
    • Sugimoto, N.1    Sakurada, S.2    Shido, O.3
  • 19
    • 34247217828 scopus 로고
    • Diet and survival
    • Ferrer M.I. (Ed), Josiah Macy Foundation, New York
    • Stevenson J.A.F. Diet and survival. In: Ferrer M.I. (Ed). Cold Injury: Trans. 3rd Conf (1955), Josiah Macy Foundation, New York 165-188
    • (1955) Cold Injury: Trans. 3rd Conf , pp. 165-188
    • Stevenson, J.A.F.1
  • 21
    • 27544456379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of chronic cold stress on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and inflammation in rats
    • Kaushik S., and Kaur J. Effect of chronic cold stress on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and inflammation in rats. Stress 8 3 (2005) 191-197
    • (2005) Stress , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-197
    • Kaushik, S.1    Kaur, J.2
  • 22
    • 24044462590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic cold stress alters prefrontal cortical modulation of amygdala neuronal activity in rats
    • Correll C.M., Rosenkranz J.A., and Grace A.A. Chronic cold stress alters prefrontal cortical modulation of amygdala neuronal activity in rats. Biol Psychiatry 58 5 (2005) 382-391
    • (2005) Biol Psychiatry , vol.58 , Issue.5 , pp. 382-391
    • Correll, C.M.1    Rosenkranz, J.A.2    Grace, A.A.3
  • 23
    • 34247185642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cold acclimation and hypothermia on rat hepatic lipid metabolism
    • Richards S.B., Egginton S., and Hauton D. Effect of cold acclimation and hypothermia on rat hepatic lipid metabolism. Chem Phys Lipids 136 2 (2005) 156-156
    • (2005) Chem Phys Lipids , vol.136 , Issue.2 , pp. 156-156
    • Richards, S.B.1    Egginton, S.2    Hauton, D.3
  • 25
    • 34247179386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic exposure to cold stress alters electrophysiological properties of locus coeruleus neurons recorded in vitro
    • Jedema H.P., and Grace A.A. Chronic exposure to cold stress alters electrophysiological properties of locus coeruleus neurons recorded in vitro. Behav Brain Res 136 1 (2003) 21-29
    • (2003) Behav Brain Res , vol.136 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-29
    • Jedema, H.P.1    Grace, A.A.2
  • 26
    • 0035132086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic cold stress reduces the spontaneous activity of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons
    • Moore H., Rose H.J., and Grace A.A. Chronic cold stress reduces the spontaneous activity of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. Neuropsychopharmacology 24 4 (2001) 410-419
    • (2001) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 410-419
    • Moore, H.1    Rose, H.J.2    Grace, A.A.3
  • 27
    • 0036558066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold tolerance: behavioral differences following single or multiple cold exposures
    • Harrod S., Metzger M., Stempowski N., and Riccio D. Cold tolerance: behavioral differences following single or multiple cold exposures. Physiol Behav 76 (2002) 27-39
    • (2002) Physiol Behav , vol.76 , pp. 27-39
    • Harrod, S.1    Metzger, M.2    Stempowski, N.3    Riccio, D.4
  • 28
    • 0025683383 scopus 로고
    • Changes in fasting-induced adreno-cortical secretion of cold-acclimated rats
    • Ohno T., Yahata T., and Kuroshima A. Changes in fasting-induced adreno-cortical secretion of cold-acclimated rats. Jpn J Physiol 40 (1990) 463-470
    • (1990) Jpn J Physiol , vol.40 , pp. 463-470
    • Ohno, T.1    Yahata, T.2    Kuroshima, A.3
  • 29
    • 0025081075 scopus 로고
    • Stimulatory effects of cold exposure and cold acclimation on glucose uptake in rat peripheral tissue
    • Vallerand A.L., Perusse F., and Bukowiecki L.J. Stimulatory effects of cold exposure and cold acclimation on glucose uptake in rat peripheral tissue. Am J Physiol 259 (1990) 1043-1049
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.259 , pp. 1043-1049
    • Vallerand, A.L.1    Perusse, F.2    Bukowiecki, L.J.3
  • 30
    • 0025300960 scopus 로고
    • Reversibility of cold-induced hypertension after removal of rats from cold
    • Schechtman O., Papanek P.E., and Fregly M.J. Reversibility of cold-induced hypertension after removal of rats from cold. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 68 (1990) 830-835
    • (1990) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.68 , pp. 830-835
    • Schechtman, O.1    Papanek, P.E.2    Fregly, M.J.3
  • 31
    • 0023951034 scopus 로고
    • Effect of norepinephrine on consumption of oxygen in perfused skeletal muscle from cold-exposed rats
    • Shiota M., and Masumi S. Effect of norepinephrine on consumption of oxygen in perfused skeletal muscle from cold-exposed rats. Am J Physiol 254 (1988) 482-489
    • (1988) Am J Physiol , vol.254 , pp. 482-489
    • Shiota, M.1    Masumi, S.2
  • 32
    • 0023626301 scopus 로고
    • Influence of cold and warm acclimation on neural responses in the lower brain stem
    • Hinckel P., and Perschel W.T. Influence of cold and warm acclimation on neural responses in the lower brain stem. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 65 (1987) 1281-1289
    • (1987) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.65 , pp. 1281-1289
    • Hinckel, P.1    Perschel, W.T.2
  • 33
    • 0022393597 scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulatory activity in the rat: effects of hypohydration, hypovolemia, hypertonicity and their interaction with short-term heat acclimation
    • Horowitz M., and Meiri U. Thermoregulatory activity in the rat: effects of hypohydration, hypovolemia, hypertonicity and their interaction with short-term heat acclimation. Comp Biochem Physiol A 82A (1985) 577-582
    • (1985) Comp Biochem Physiol A , vol.82 A , pp. 577-582
    • Horowitz, M.1    Meiri, U.2
  • 34
    • 0021246472 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a cold temperature on the rat's hoarding behavior
    • Fantino M., and Cabanac M. Effect of a cold temperature on the rat's hoarding behavior. Physiol Behav 32 (1984) 183-190
    • (1984) Physiol Behav , vol.32 , pp. 183-190
    • Fantino, M.1    Cabanac, M.2
  • 35
    • 0021088909 scopus 로고
    • Changes in glucagon and insulin contents of brown adipose tissue after temperature acclimation in rats
    • Habara Y., and Kuroshima A. Changes in glucagon and insulin contents of brown adipose tissue after temperature acclimation in rats. Jpn J Physiol 33 (1983) 661-665
    • (1983) Jpn J Physiol , vol.33 , pp. 661-665
    • Habara, Y.1    Kuroshima, A.2
  • 36
    • 0020389655 scopus 로고
    • The participation of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in warm and cold-acclimated rats
    • Griggio M.A. The participation of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in warm and cold-acclimated rats. Comp Biochem Physiol A 73A (1982) 481-484
    • (1982) Comp Biochem Physiol A , vol.73 A , pp. 481-484
    • Griggio, M.A.1
  • 37
    • 0012009721 scopus 로고
    • Basal metabolic rate, tissue thermogenesis and sodium-dependent tissue respiration of rats during cold-acclimation and deacclimation
    • Guernsey D.L., and Whittow G.C. Basal metabolic rate, tissue thermogenesis and sodium-dependent tissue respiration of rats during cold-acclimation and deacclimation. J Therm Biol 6 (1981) 7-10
    • (1981) J Therm Biol , vol.6 , pp. 7-10
    • Guernsey, D.L.1    Whittow, G.C.2
  • 38
    • 0017347596 scopus 로고
    • The cell membrane sodium pump as a mechanism for increasing thermogenesis during cold-acclimation and deacclimation
    • Guernsey D.L., and Stevens E.D. The cell membrane sodium pump as a mechanism for increasing thermogenesis during cold-acclimation and deacclimation. Science 196 (1977) 908-910
    • (1977) Science , vol.196 , pp. 908-910
    • Guernsey, D.L.1    Stevens, E.D.2
  • 39
    • 0017391277 scopus 로고
    • Estrous cycle variation of food and water intake of rats in heat
    • Attah M.Y., and Besch E.L. Estrous cycle variation of food and water intake of rats in heat. J Appl Physiol 42 (1977) 874-877
    • (1977) J Appl Physiol , vol.42 , pp. 874-877
    • Attah, M.Y.1    Besch, E.L.2
  • 40
    • 0017103109 scopus 로고
    • Acclimatization of rats to moderate heat: body water distribution and adaptability of the submaxillary gland
    • Horowitz M. Acclimatization of rats to moderate heat: body water distribution and adaptability of the submaxillary gland. Pflugers Arch 366 (1976) 173-176
    • (1976) Pflugers Arch , vol.366 , pp. 173-176
    • Horowitz, M.1
  • 41
    • 0014783763 scopus 로고
    • Salivary glands of the rat in a hot environment
    • Elmer M., and Ohlin P. Salivary glands of the rat in a hot environment. Acta Physiol Scand 79 (1970) 129-132
    • (1970) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.79 , pp. 129-132
    • Elmer, M.1    Ohlin, P.2
  • 42
    • 0014099241 scopus 로고
    • Rat adrenal cortical activity during exposure to a high (34 °C) ambient temperature
    • Kotby S., and Johnson H.D. Rat adrenal cortical activity during exposure to a high (34 °C) ambient temperature. Life Sci 6 (1967) 1121-1132
    • (1967) Life Sci , vol.6 , pp. 1121-1132
    • Kotby, S.1    Johnson, H.D.2
  • 43
    • 0014264578 scopus 로고
    • Organ and gland weight of rats exposed to 22 degrees and 35 degree C
    • Ray D.E., Roubiceck C.B., and Hamidi M. Organ and gland weight of rats exposed to 22 degrees and 35 degree C. Growth 32 1 (1968) 1-12
    • (1968) Growth , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-12
    • Ray, D.E.1    Roubiceck, C.B.2    Hamidi, M.3
  • 44
    • 0036089769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular biology of thermoregulation: some historical perspectives on thermoregulation
    • Cooper K.E. Molecular biology of thermoregulation: some historical perspectives on thermoregulation. J Appl Physiol 92 4 (2002) 1717-1724
    • (2002) J Appl Physiol , vol.92 , Issue.4 , pp. 1717-1724
    • Cooper, K.E.1
  • 45
    • 0014823648 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral temperature regulation in the squirrel monkey. Changes induced by brief shifts in hypothalamic temperature
    • Adair E.R., Casby J.I., and Stolwijk J.A.J. Behavioral temperature regulation in the squirrel monkey. Changes induced by brief shifts in hypothalamic temperature. J Comp Physiol Psychol 72 (1970) 17-27
    • (1970) J Comp Physiol Psychol , vol.72 , pp. 17-27
    • Adair, E.R.1    Casby, J.I.2    Stolwijk, J.A.J.3
  • 46
    • 0015053515 scopus 로고
    • The relation between behavior and physiology in the thermoregulatory response of the squirrel monkey
    • Stitt J.T., Adair E.R., Nadel E.R., and Stokwijk J.A.J. The relation between behavior and physiology in the thermoregulatory response of the squirrel monkey. J Physiol Paris 63 (1971) 424-427
    • (1971) J Physiol Paris , vol.63 , pp. 424-427
    • Stitt, J.T.1    Adair, E.R.2    Nadel, E.R.3    Stokwijk, J.A.J.4
  • 47
    • 0020420357 scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulatory behavior in rat pups from birth to weaning
    • Kleitman N., and Satinoff E. Thermoregulatory behavior in rat pups from birth to weaning. Physiol Behav 29 (1982) 537-541
    • (1982) Physiol Behav , vol.29 , pp. 537-541
    • Kleitman, N.1    Satinoff, E.2
  • 48
    • 0026064547 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of rats of the Fischer 344 and Long-Evans strains in their autonomic thermoregulatory response to trimethyltin administration
    • Gordon C.J., and Fogelson L. Comparison of rats of the Fischer 344 and Long-Evans strains in their autonomic thermoregulatory response to trimethyltin administration. J Toxicol Environ Health 32 2 (1991) 141-152
    • (1991) J Toxicol Environ Health , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-152
    • Gordon, C.J.1    Fogelson, L.2
  • 49
    • 0028004812 scopus 로고
    • 24-hour control of body temperature in rats. I. Integration of behavioral and autonomic effectors
    • Gordon C.J. 24-hour control of body temperature in rats. I. Integration of behavioral and autonomic effectors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 267 (1994) 71-77
    • (1994) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.267 , pp. 71-77
    • Gordon, C.J.1
  • 51
    • 0004083522 scopus 로고
    • John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
    • Walker E.P. Mammals of the world. 6th ed. (1975), John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 902-904
    • (1975) Mammals of the world. 6th ed. , pp. 902-904
    • Walker, E.P.1
  • 54
    • 0016724420 scopus 로고
    • Development of suckling of rat pups
    • Hall W.G., Cramer C.P., and Blass E.M. Development of suckling of rat pups. Nature 258 (1975) 318-320
    • (1975) Nature , vol.258 , pp. 318-320
    • Hall, W.G.1    Cramer, C.P.2    Blass, E.M.3
  • 55
    • 0018252192 scopus 로고
    • Thermal control of mother-young contact in Norway rats
    • Leon M., Croskerry P.G., and Smith G.K. Thermal control of mother-young contact in Norway rats. Physiol Behav 21 (1978) 793-811
    • (1978) Physiol Behav , vol.21 , pp. 793-811
    • Leon, M.1    Croskerry, P.G.2    Smith, G.K.3
  • 57
    • 0017658722 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous arteriovenous anastomoses on the tail but absent from the ear of the rat
    • Gemmell R.T., and Hales J.R.S. Cutaneous arteriovenous anastomoses on the tail but absent from the ear of the rat. J Antibiot 124 (1977) 355-358
    • (1977) J Antibiot , vol.124 , pp. 355-358
    • Gemmell, R.T.1    Hales, J.R.S.2
  • 58
    • 0002161996 scopus 로고
    • The rat tail, in temperature regulation and acclimatization
    • Rand R.P., Burton A.C., and Ing T. The rat tail, in temperature regulation and acclimatization. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 43 (1965) 257-267
    • (1965) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 257-267
    • Rand, R.P.1    Burton, A.C.2    Ing, T.3
  • 59
    • 0037106517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulatory control of sympathetic fibers supplying the rat's tail
    • Owens N.C., Oootsuka Y., Kanosue K., and McAllen R.M. Thermoregulatory control of sympathetic fibers supplying the rat's tail. J Physiol (Lond) 543 (2002) 849-858
    • (2002) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.543 , pp. 849-858
    • Owens, N.C.1    Oootsuka, Y.2    Kanosue, K.3    McAllen, R.M.4
  • 60
    • 0000418383 scopus 로고
    • Vasodilation and body warming in the rat
    • Grant R.T. Vasodilation and body warming in the rat. J Physiol 167 (1963) 311-317
    • (1963) J Physiol , vol.167 , pp. 311-317
    • Grant, R.T.1
  • 61
    • 0024151741 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the role of skin temperature in the response of cutaneous capillary flow and indirect heat
    • Richardson D.R., Shepherd S., and McSorley T. Evaluation of the role of skin temperature in the response of cutaneous capillary flow and indirect heat. Microcirc Endothelium Lymphatics 4 (1988) 447-467
    • (1988) Microcirc Endothelium Lymphatics , vol.4 , pp. 447-467
    • Richardson, D.R.1    Shepherd, S.2    McSorley, T.3
  • 62
    • 0001079785 scopus 로고
    • Continuous recordings of maternal behavior in Rattus norvegicus
    • Grotta L.J., and Ader R. Continuous recordings of maternal behavior in Rattus norvegicus. Anim Behav 17 (1969) 722-729
    • (1969) Anim Behav , vol.17 , pp. 722-729
    • Grotta, L.J.1    Ader, R.2
  • 63
    • 0020620708 scopus 로고
    • Determinates of mother-young contact in the Norway rat
    • Jan J., and Leon M. Determinates of mother-young contact in the Norway rat. Physiol Behav 30 (1983) 919-935
    • (1983) Physiol Behav , vol.30 , pp. 919-935
    • Jan, J.1    Leon, M.2
  • 64
    • 0001702836 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of rat populations
    • Davis D.E. Characteristics of rat populations. Q Rev Biol 28 4 (1953) 373-401
    • (1953) Q Rev Biol , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 373-401
    • Davis, D.E.1
  • 66
    • 34247180975 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.
    • Calhoun J.B. The ecology and sociology of the Norway rat. Public Health Service Publication vol. 1008 (1962), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.
    • (1962) Public Health Service Publication , vol.1008
    • Calhoun, J.B.1
  • 67
    • 0010228944 scopus 로고
    • Temperature selection in deer mice
    • Stinson R., and Fisher K.C. Temperature selection in deer mice. Can J Zool 31 (1953) 404-416
    • (1953) Can J Zool , vol.31 , pp. 404-416
    • Stinson, R.1    Fisher, K.C.2
  • 68
    • 0015904883 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between exploratory behavior and fear: review
    • Russell P.A. Relationship between exploratory behavior and fear: review. Br J Psychol 63 (1973) 417-433
    • (1973) Br J Psychol , vol.63 , pp. 417-433
    • Russell, P.A.1
  • 69
    • 34247212026 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fear on exploratory behavior
    • Lester D. Effects of fear on exploratory behavior. Psychon Sci 9 3 (1967) 117-118
    • (1967) Psychon Sci , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 117-118
    • Lester, D.1
  • 70
    • 0038095435 scopus 로고
    • The relation between fear and exploratory behavior
    • Montgomery K.C., and Monkman J.A. The relation between fear and exploratory behavior. J Comp Physiol Psychol 48 2 (1955) 132-136
    • (1955) J Comp Physiol Psychol , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-136
    • Montgomery, K.C.1    Monkman, J.A.2
  • 71
    • 58149446368 scopus 로고
    • The relation between fear induced by novel stimulation and exploratory behavior
    • Montgomery K.C. The relation between fear induced by novel stimulation and exploratory behavior. J Comp Physiol Psychol 48 4 (1955) 254-260
    • (1955) J Comp Physiol Psychol , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 254-260
    • Montgomery, K.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.