A smoke model and its application for smoke management in an underground mass transit station

Fire Safety Journal

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 218-231

  Kang, Kai ^a  

^a HATCH MOTT MACDONALD   (United States)

Author keywords

Smoke management; Underground rail station; Visibility

Indexed keywords

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; FIRES; RAILROAD STATIONS; SMOKE ABATEMENT; SMOKE DETECTORS; VENTILATION; VISIBILITY;

COMPARTMENT FIRE; MEZZANINE; SMOKE MANAGEMENT; SMOKE MODELS; SMOKE VISIBILITY; UNDERGROUND RAIL STATION;

RAILROAD TUNNELS;

EID: 34247191628     PISSN: 03797112     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2006.10.003     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Chien S-W, Chen W-L, Shen T-S, Cheng C-C, Lee D-C, Hsuse Y-L, Chen T-K. A study on the people evacuation safety for the underground MRT station. In: Proceedings of the sixth Asia-Oceania symposium on fire science and technology, Daegu, Korea, March 17-20, 2004.
2. Gossard WH. Some major accident investigations of fires in underground rail rapid transit systems. Fire Saf J 1984/85;8:9-14.
3. Comeau E, Wolf A. Fire in the chunnel! NFPA J 1997;March:58-64.
4. Simcox S., Wilkes N.S., and Jones I.P. Computer simulation of the flows of hot gases from the fire at King's cross underground station. Fire Saf J 18 (1992) 49-73
5. Carvel R, Marlair G. A history of fire incidents in tunnels. In: Beard A, Carvel R, editors. Handbook of tunnel fire safety. Thomas Telford Publishing; 2005.
6. Jin T. Smoke visibility. In: DiNenno P.J. (Ed). The SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering. 3rd ed (2002), Society of Fire Protection Engineers and National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA
7. Barakat M., Souil J.-M., Breillat C., Vantelon J.-P., Knorre V., and Rongere F.X. Smoke data determination for various types of fuel. Fire Saf J 30 (1998) 293-306
8. Gann R.G. Sublethal effects of fire smoke. Fire Technol 40 (2004) 95-99
9. Bulter K.M., and Mulholland G.W. Generation and transport of smoke components. Fire Technol 40 (2004) 149-176
10. Zigh G, Ong I, Kang K. CFD application for station fires. In: Proceedings of the 10th BHR Group international symposium on aerodynamics and ventilation of vehicle tunnels, Boston, MA, USA, 2000.
11. McGrattan KB, Forney GP. Fire dynamics simulator (version 4)-user's guide. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 1019, Gaithersburg, MD, 2006. p. 57.
12. US DOT/FAA. Computational fluid dynamics code for smoke transport during an aircraft cargo compartment fire: transport solver, graphical user interface, and preliminary baseline validation. Washington, DC: Office of Aviation Research; 2003. p. 31.
13. Kang K. Modeling smoke visibility in CFD. In: Proceedings of the eighth international symposium for fire safety science, Beijing, 2005. p. 1265-76.
14. Mulholland G.W. Smoke production and properties. In: DiNenno P.J. (Ed). The SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering. 2nd ed (1995), National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 217-227
15. Klote JH, Milke JA. Principles of smoke management. Quincy, MA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) and Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE); 1997.
16. Mulholland G.W., and Croarkin C. Specific extinction coefficient of flame generated smoke. Fire Mater 24 (2000) 227-230
17. Foley J., van Dam A., Feiner S., and Hughes J. Computer graphics principles and practices (1990), Reading MA: Addison-Wesley
18. Crawfis RA, Shen H-W, Max N. Flow visualization techniques for CFD using volume rendering. In: Proceedings of the ninth international symposium on flow visualization, 2000.
19. Fruhauf T. Raycasting of nonregularly structured volume data. In: Daehlen M, Kjelldahl L, editors. EUROGRAPHICS'94, vol. 13, no. 3. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers; 1994.
20. Pratt W.K. Digital image processing: PIKS inside. 3rd ed (2001), Wiley, New York
21. Woo M, Neider J, Davis T, Shreiner D. OpenGL programming guide: the official guide to learning OpenGL, version 1.2, OpenGL Architecture Review Board, 3rd ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1999.
22. Kang K. Computational study of longitudinal ventilation control during an enclosure fire within a tunnel. J Fire Protect Eng 2006;to appear.
23. Kang K. Analysis of platform spot cooling in an underground subway station. Int J Ventilation 3 3 (2004) 235-244
24. Peacock RD, Averill JD, Madrzykowski D, Stroup DW, Bukowski RW. Fire safety of passenger trains, Phase III: evaluation of fire hazard analysis using real-scale tests. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology; 2001.
25. Carvalho MG, Farias T, Fontes P. Predicting radiative heat transfer in absorbing, emitting, and scattering media using the discrete transfer method In: Fiveland et al., editors. Fundamentals of radiation heat transfer, vol. 160. ASME HTD. 1991. p. 17-26.
26. Wieser D, Brupbacher T. Smoke detection in tunnels using video images. In: Beall K, Grosshandler W, Luck H, editors. Proceedings of the 12th international conference on automatic fire detection, AUBE'01. Gaithersburg, MA: National Institute of Standards and Technology; March 25-28, 2001.
27. Farouk B, Mulholland GW, McGrattan KB, Cleary TG. Simulation of smoke transport and coagulation for a standard test fire. In: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on automatic fire detection. Gaithersburg, MD: NIST; 2001.
28. Wei X.M., Li W., Mueller K., and Kaufman A.E. The lattice-boltzmann method for simulating gaseous phenomena. IEEE Trans Visualization Comput Graphics 10 2 (2004) 164-176
29. Fedik R, Stam J, Jensen HW. Visual simulation of smoke. In: Eugene Fiume, editor. SIGGRAPH 2001, computer graphics proceedings, 2001. p. 15-21.