Wavelength dependence of the photochemical reduction of iron in arctic seawater

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 41, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 2296-2302

  Laglera, Luis M ^a   Van Den Berg, Constant M G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); DISSOLUTION; IRON; OXIDATION; REDUCTION; SEAWATER;

CHEMILUMINESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; INCIDENT SUNLIGHT; KINETICS MODULATE;

WATER ANALYSIS;

IRON; SEA WATER;

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); DISSOLUTION; IRON; OXIDATION; REDUCTION; SEAWATER; WATER ANALYSIS;

ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT; IRON; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTODEGRADATION; REDUCTION; SEAWATER; ULTRAVIOLET B RADIATION; WAVELENGTH;

ARTICLE; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHEMOLUMINESCENCE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); IRON TRANSPORT; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION KINETICS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; REACTION ANALYSIS; REDUCTION KINETICS; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; STEADY STATE; SUN EXPOSURE; SURFACE PROPERTY;

ARCTIC REGIONS; CHEMILUMINESCENT MEASUREMENTS; IRON; KINETICS; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SEAWATER; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SUNLIGHT;

EID: 34247134242     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es061994h     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Martin, J. H.; Fitzwater, S. E. Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the northeast Pacific subarctic. Nature 1988, 331, 341-343.
2. Sunda, W. G.; Huntsman, S. A. Iron uptake and growth limitation in oceanic and coastal phytoplankton. Mar. Chem. 1995, 50 (1-4), 189-206.
3. Boyd, P. W.; Watson, A. J.; Law, C. S.; Abraham, E. R.; Trull, T.; Murdoch, R.; Bakker, D. C. E.; Bowie, A. R.; Buesseler, K. O.; Chang, H.; Charette, M.; Croot, P.; Downing, K.; Frew, R.; Gall, M.; Hadfield, M.; Hall, J.; Harvey, M.; Jameson, G.; LaRoche, J.; Liddicoat, M.; Ling, R.; Maldonado, M. T.; McKay, R. M.; Nodder, S.; Pickmere, S.; Pridmore, R.; Rintoul, S.; Safi, K.; Sutton, P.; Strzepek, R.; Tanneberger, K.; Turner, S.; Waite, A.; Zeldis, J. A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature 2000, 407 (6805), 695-702.
4. Liu, X. W.; Millero, F. J. The solubility of iron in seawater. Mar. Chem. 2002, 77 (1), 43-54.
5. Tani, H.; Nishioka, J.; Kuma, K.; Takata, H.; Yamashita, Y.; Tanoue, E.; Midorikawa, T. Iron(III) hydroxide solubility and humic-type fluorescent organic matter in the deep water column of the Okhotsk Sea and the northwestern North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., Part I 2003, 50 (9), 1063-1078.
6. Gledhill, M.; van den Berg, C. M. G. Determination of complexation of iron(III) with natural organic complexing ligands in sea water using cathodic stripping voltammetry. Mar. Chem. 1994, 47, 41-54.
7. Rue, E. L.; Bruland, K. W. Complexation of iron(III) by natural organic ligands in the Central North Pacific as determined by a new competitive ligand equilibration/adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric method. Mar. Chem. 1995, 50, 117-138.
8. van den Berg, C. M. G. Evidence for organic complexation of iron in seawater. Mar. Chem. 1995, 50, 139-157.
9. Miller, W. L.; Kester, D. Photochemical iron reduction and iron bioavailability in seawater. J. Mar. Res. 1994, 52 (2), 325-343.
10. Meunier, L.; Laubscher, H.; Hug, S. J.; Sulzberger, B. Effects of size and origin of natural dissolved organic matter compounds on the redox cycling of iron in sunlit surface waters. Aquat. Sci. 2005, 67 (3), 292-307.
11. Voelker, B. M.; Sedlak, D. L. Iron reduction by photoproduced superoxide in seawater. Mar. Chem. 1995, 50, 93-102.
12. Fujii, M.; Rose, A. L.; Waite, T. D.; Omura, T. Superoxide-mediated dissolution of amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide in seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40 (3), 880-887.
13. Millero, F. J.; Sotolongo, S.; Izaguire, M. The oxidation kinetics of Fe (II) in seawater. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1987, 51, 793-802.
14. Roekens, E. J.; van Grieken, R. E. Kinetics of iron (II) oxidation in seawater of various pH. Mar. Chem. 1983, 13, 195-202.
15. Santana-Casiano, J. M.; Gonzaalez-Davila, M.; Millero, F. J. Oxidation of nanomolar levels of Fe(II) with oxygen in natural waters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39 (7), 2073-2079.
16. 2 in seawater. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1989, 53, 1867-1873.
17. Emmenegger, L.; King, D. W.; Sigg, L.; Sulzberger, B. Oxidation kinetics of Fe(II) in a eutrophic Swiss lake. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32 (19), 2990-2996.
18. Miller, W. L.; King, D. W.; Lin, J.; Kester, D. R. Photochemical Redox Cycling of Iron in Coastal Seawater. Mar. Chem. 1995, 50 (1-4), 63-77.
19. Rose, A. L.; Waite, T. D. Predicting iron speciation in coastal waters from the kinetics of sunlight-mediated iron redox cycling. Aquat. Sci. 2003, 65 (4), 375-383.
20. 2 during EisenEx, an open ocean mescoscale iron enrichment. Mar. Chem. 2005, 95 (1-2), 65.
21. Rose, A. L.; Waite, T. D. Kinetic model for Fe(II) oxidation in seawater in the absence and presence of natural organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36 (3), 433-444.
22. O'Sullivan, D. W.; Hanson, A. K.; Miller, W. L.; Kester, D. R. Measurement of Fe(II) in surface-water of the equatorial Pacific. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1991, 36 (8), 1727-1741.
23. Cooper, W. J.; Zika, R. G.; Petasne, R. G.; Fischer, A. M. Sunlight-Induced Photochemistry of Humic Substances in Natural-Waters - Major Reactive Species. ACS Symp. Ser. 1989, 219, 333-362.
24. van den Berg, C. M. G. Chemical speciation of iron in seawater by cathodic stripping voltammetry with dihydroxynaphthalene. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78 (1), 156-163.
25. Campos, M. L. A. M.; van den Berg, C. M. G. Determination of copper complexation in sea water by cathodic stripping voltammetry and ligand competition with salicylaldoxime. Anal. Chim. Acta 1994, 284, 481-496.
26. King, D. W.; Lounsbury, H. A.; Millero, F. J. Rates and mechanism of Fe(II) oxidation at nanomolar total iron concentrations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 818-824.
27. Croot, P. L.; Laan, P. Continuous shipboard determination of Fe(II) in polar waters using flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 466 (2), 261-273.
28. Ussher, S. J.; Yaqoob, M.; Achterberg, E. P.; Nabi, A.; Worsfold, P. J. Effect of model ligands on iron redox speciation in natural waters using flow injection with luminol chemiluminescence detection. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77 (7), 1971-1978.
29. Millero, F. J. The pH of estuarine waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1986, 31, 839-847.
30. Millero, F. J. The thermodynamics of the carbonate system in seawater. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1979, 43, 1651-1661.
31. Saager, P. M.; de Baar, H. J. W.; de Jong, J. T. M.; Nolting, R. F.; Schijf, J. Hydrography and local sources of dissolved trace metals Mn, Ni, Cu, and Cd in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Chem. 1997, 57, 195-216.
32. Rue, E. L.; Bruland, K. W. The role of organic complexation on ambient iron chemistry in the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the response of a mesoscale iron addition experiment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1997, 42 (5), 901-910.
33. Croot, P. L.; Bowie, A. R.; Frew, R. D.; Maldonado, M. T.; Hall, J. A.; Safi, K. A.; La Roche, J.; Boyd, P. W.; Law, C. S. Retention of dissolved iron and Fe-II in an iron induced Southern Ocean phytoplankton bloom. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28 (18), 3425-3428.
34. Yan, B. L.; Worsfold, P. J. Determination of Cobalt(II), Copper-(II) and Iron(II) by Ion Chromatography with Chemiluminescence Detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 1990, 236 (2), 287-292.
35. Ellwood, M. J.; van den Berg, C. M. G.; Boye, M.; Veldhuis, M.; de Jong, J. T. M.; de Baar, H. J. W.; Croot, P. L.; Kattner, G. Organic complexation of cobalt across the Antarctic Polar Front in the Southern Ocean. Mar. Freshwater Res. 2005, 56 (8), 1069-1075.
36. Goldstone, J. V.; Voelker, B. M. Chemistry of superoxide radical in seawater: CDOM associated sink of superoxide in coastal waters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34 (6), 1043-1048.
37. Yocis, B. H.; Kieber, D. J.; Mopper, K. Photochemical production of hydrogen peroxide in Antarctic Waters. Deep-Sea Res., Part I 2000, 47 (6), 1077-1099.
38. 2. Mar. Chem. 2006, 99 (1-4), 70-82.
39. Rose, A. L.; Waite, T. D. Chemiluminescence of luminol in the presence of iron(II) and oxygen: Oxidation mechanism and implications for its analytical use. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73 (24), 5909-5920.
40. Xiao, C. B.; Palmer, D. A.; Wesolowski, D. J.; Lovitz, S. B.; King, D. W. Carbon dioxide effects on luminol and 1,10-phenanthroline chemiluminescence. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74 (9), 2210-2216.
41. Rijkenberg, M. J. A.; Fischer, A. C.; Kroon, J. J.; Gerringa, L. J. A.; Timmermans, K. R.; Wolterbeek, H. T.; de Baar, H. J. W. The influence of UV irradiation on the photoreduction of iron in the Southern Ocean. Mar. Chem. 2005, 93 (2-4), 119-129.
42. Laglera, L. M.; van den Berg, C. M. G. Photochemical oxidation of thiols and copper complexing ligands in estuarine waters. Mar. Chem. 2006, 101 (1-2), 130-140.
43. Rose, A. L.; Waite, T. D. Effect of dissolved natural organic matter on the kinetics of ferrous iron oxygenation in seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37 (21), 4877-4886.
44. Qian, J. G.; Mopper, K.; Kieber, D. J. Photochemical production of the hydroxyl radical in Antarctic waters. Deep-Sea Res., Part I 2001, 48 (3), 741-759.
45. Toole, D. A.; Kieber, D. J.; Kiene, R. P.; Siegel, D. A.; Nelson, N. B. Photolysis and the dimethylsulfide (DMS) summer paradox in the Sargasso Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2003, 48 (3), 1088-1100.
46. King, D. W.; Aldrich, R. A.; Charnecki, S. E. Photochemical redox cycling of iron in NaCl solutions. Mar. Chem. 1993, 44, 105-120.
47. Micinski, E.; Ball, L. A.; Zafiriou, O. C. Photochemical Oxygen Activation - Superoxide Radical Detection and Production-Rates in the Eastern Caribbean. J. Geophys. Res., [Oceans] 1993, 98 (C2), 2299-2306.
48. Liu, X. W.; Millero, F. J. The solubility of iron hydroxide in sodium chloride solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1999, 63 (19-20), 3487-3497.