Increased sensitization in urban vs. rural environment - Rural protection or an urban living effect?

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 209-216

  Priftis, Kostas N ^a   Anthracopoulos, Michael B ^b   Nikolaou Papanagiotou, Alexandra ^a   Mantziou, Vasiliki ^c   Paliatsos, Athanasios G ^d   Tzavelas, George ^e   Nicolaidou, Polyxeni ^f   Mantzouranis, Eva ^g  

^a PENTELI CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS   (Greece)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WEST ATTICA   (Greece)

^e UNIVERSITY OF PIRAEUS   (Greece)

^f UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Greece)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CRETE   (Greece)

Author keywords

Allergy; Environment; Farming; Sensitization

Indexed keywords

ALLERGEN;

ARTICLE; ASTHMA; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECZEMA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HAY FEVER; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PRICK TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; RURAL POPULATION; SCHOOL CHILD; SENSITIZATION; SKIN TEST; URBAN POPULATION;

ADOLESCENT; ASTHMA; CHILD; ECZEMA; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; GREECE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; QUESTIONNAIRES; RURAL POPULATION; SKIN TESTS; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 34247120996     PISSN: 09056157     EISSN: 13993038     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2006.00514.x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. SPORIK R, HOLGATE ST, PLATTS-MILLS TA, COGSWELL JJ. Exposure to house-dust mite allergen (Der p I) and the development of asthma in childhood. A prospective study. N Engl J Med 1990: 323: 502-7.
2. NICOLAI T, CARR D, WEILAND SK, et al. Urban traffic and pollutant exposure related to respiratory outcomes and atopy in a large sample of children. Eur Respir J 2003: 21: 956-63.
3. STEINMAN HA, DONSON H, KAWALSKI M, TOERIEN A, POTTER PC. Bronchial hyper-responsiveness and atopy in urban, peri-urban and rural South African children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003: 14: 383-93.
4. COLE JOHNSON C, OWNBY DR, HAVSTAD SL, PETERSON EL. Family history, dust mite exposure in early childhood, and risk for pediatric atopy and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004: 114: 105-10.
5. KILPELAINEN M, TERHO EO, HELENIUS H, KOSKENVUO M. Farm environment in childhood prevents the development of allergies. Clin Exp Allergy 2000: 30: 201-8.
6. RIEDLER J, BRAUN-FAHRLANDER C, EDER W, et al. Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a cross-sectional survey. Lancet 2001: 358: 1129-33.
7. HORAK F JR, STUDNICKA M, GARTNER C, et al. Parental farming protects children against atopy: longitudinal evidence involving skin prick tests. Clin Exp Allergy 2002: 32: 1155-9.
8. BRABACK L, HJERN A, RASMUSSEN F. Trends in asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema among Swedish conscripts from farming and non-farming environments. A nationwide study over three decades. Clin Exp Allergy 2004: 34: 38-43.
9. BRAUN-FAHRLANDER C, RIEDLER J, HERZ U, et al. Environmental exposure to endotoxin and its relation to asthma in school-age children. N Engl J Med 2002: 347: 869-77.
10. HOLSCHER B, FRYE C, WICHMANN HE, HEINRICH J. Exposure to pets and allergies in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2002: 13: 334-41.
11. WASER M, VON MUTIUS E, RIEDLER J, et al. Exposure to pets, and the association with hay fever, asthma, and atopic sensitization in rural children. Allergy 2005: 60: 177-84.
12. BRABACK L, BREBOROWICZ A, DREBORG S, KNUTSSON A, PIEKLIK H, BJORKSTEN B. Atopic sensitization and respiratory symptoms among Polish and Swedish school children. Clin Exp Allergy 1994: 24: 826-35.
13. KRAMER U, KOCH T, RANFT U, RING J, BEHRENDT H. Traffic-related air pollution is associated with atopy in children living in urban areas. Epidemiology 2000: 11: 64-70.
14. PRIFTIS K, ANTHRACOPOULOS M, PALIATSOS A, et al. Different effects of urban and rural environment in respiratory status of Greek schoolchildren. Respir Med 2006; doi: 10.1016/j.r.med.2006.04.008.
15. DREBORG S, BACKMAN A, BASOMBA A, BOUSQUET J, DIEGES P, MALLING H. Skin tests used in type I allergy testing. Position paper, prepared by the subcommittee on skin prick tests within the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Allergy 1984: 44 (Suppl. 10): 1-59.
16. Ministry of the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works. The Atmospheric Pollution in Athens Region. Athens: Ministry of the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works, 2003.
17. BRAUN-FAHRLANDER C, GASSNER M, GRIZE L, et al. Prevalence of hay fever and allergic sensitization in farmer's children and their peers living in the same rural community. SCARPOL team. Swiss Study on Childhood Allergy and Respiratory Symptoms with Respect to Air Pollution. Clin Exp Allergy 1999: 29: 28-34.
18. LEYNAERT B, NEUKIRCH C, JARVIS D, et al. Does living on a farm during childhood protect against asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopy in adulthood? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001: 164: 1829-34.
19. ERNST P, CORMIER Y. Relative scarcity of asthma and atopy among rural adolescents raised on a farm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000: 161: 1563-6.
20. DOWNS SH, MARKS GB, MITAKAKIS TZ, LEUPPI JD, CAR NG, PEAT JK. Having lived on a farm and protection against allergic diseases in Australia. Clin Exp Allergy 2001: 31: 570-5.
21. RIEDLER J, EDER W, OBERFELD G, SCHREUER M. Austrian children living on a farm have less hay fever, asthma and allergic sensitization. Clin Exp Allergy 2000: 30: 194-200.
22. EDER W, KLIMECKI W, YU L, et al. Toll-like receptor 2 as a major gene for asthma in children of European farmers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004: 113: 482-8.
23. WILLIAMS LK, OWNBY DR, MALIARIK MJ, JOHNSON CC. The role of endotoxin and its receptors in allergic disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005: 94: 323-32.
24. BIBI H, SHOSEYOV D, FEIGENBAUM D, et al. Comparison of positive allergy skin tests among asthmatic children from rural and urban areas living within small geographic area. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002: 88: 416-20.
25. BARNES M, CULLINAN P, ATHANASAKI P, et al. Crete: does farming explain urban and rural differences in atopy? Clin Exp Allergy 2001: 31: 1822-8.
26. REMES ST, IIVANAINEN K, KOSKELA H, PEKKANEN J. Which factors explain the lower prevalence of atopy amongst farmers' children? Clin Exp Allergy 2003: 33: 427-34.
27. HESSELMAR B, ABERG B, ERIKSSON B, BJORKSTEN B, ABERG N. High-dose exposure to cat is associated with clinical tolerance - a modified Th2 immune response? Clin Exp Allergy 2003: 33: 1681-5.
28. AL-MOUSAWI MS, LOVEL H, BEHBEHANI N, ARIFHODZIC N, WOODCOCK A, CUSTOVIC A. Asthma and sensitization in a community with low indoor allergen levels and low pet-keeping frequency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004: 114: 1389-94.
29. NICOLAOU N, YIALLOUROS P, PIPIS S, IOANNOU P, SIMPSON A, CUSTOVIC A. Domestic allergen and endotoxin exposure and allergic sensitization in Cyprus. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006: 17: 17-21.
30. SENECHAL S, DE NADAI P, RALAINIRINA N, et al. Exposure to diesel exhaust aggravates nasal allergic reaction in guinea pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003: 168: 215-21.
31. 2 exposure on allergic sensitization in the guinea pig. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988: 82: 527-34.
32. HESSELMAR B, ABERG B, ERIKSSON B, BJORKSTEN B, ABERG N. Building characteristics affect the risk of allergy development. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005: 16: 126-31.
33. WICKMAN M, EMENIUS G, EGMAR AC, AXELSSON G, PERSHAGEN G. Reduced mite allergen levels in dwellings with mechanical exhaust and supply ventilation. Clin Exp Allergy 1994: 24: 109-14.
34. KALEYIAS J, PAPAIOANNOU D, MANOUSSAKIS M, SYRIGOU E, TAPRATZI P, SAXONI-PAPAGEORGIOU P. Skin-prick test findings in atopic asthmatic children: a follow-up study from childhood to puberty. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2002: 13: 368-74.
35. SILVESTRI M, ROSSI GA, COZZANI S, PULVIRENTI G, FASCE L. Age-dependent tendency to become sensitized to other classes of aeroallergens in atopic asthmatic children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999: 83: 335-40.