Nanospintronics: When spintronics meets single electron physics

Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Volumn 19, Issue 16, 2007, Pages

  Seneor, Pierre ^a   Bernand Mantel, Anne ^b   Petroff, Frédéric ^b  

^a CNRS   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON NANOTUBES; COULOMB BLOCKADE; FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS; MAGNETS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS;

NANOSPINTRONICS; QUANTUM COMPUTING; SINGLE ELECTRON PHYSICS; SPIN DEPENDENT TRANSPORT;

MAGNETOELECTRONICS;

EID: 34247098069     PISSN: 09538984     EISSN: 1361648X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/16/165222     Document Type: Article

References (144)

1. Averin D V and Nazarov Y V 1990 Virtual electron diffusion during quantum tunneling of the electric charge Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 2446
2. Likharev K K 1988 Correlated discrete transfert of single electron in ultrasmall tunnel junctions IBM J. Res. Dev. 32 144
3. Likharev K K 1999 Single-electron devices and their applications Proc. IEEE 87 606
4. Grabert M H and Devoret M (ed) 1992 Single Charge Tunneling, Coulomb Blockade Phenomena in Nanostructures (NATO Advanced Study Institute, Series B: Physics vol 294) (New York: Plenum)
5. Hanna A E and Tinkham M 1991 Variation of the Coulomb staircase in a tow-junction system by fractional electron charge Phys. Rev. B 44 5919
6. Gittleman J I, Goldstein Y and Bozowski S 1972 Magnetic properties of granular nickel films Phys. Rev. B 5 3609
7. Helman J S and Abeles B 1976 Tunneling of spin-polarized electrons and magnetoresistance in granular Ni films Phys. Rev. Lett. 37 1429
8. Fujimori H, Mitani S and Ohnuma S 1995 Tunnel-type GMR in metal-nonmetal granular alloy thin films Mater. Sci. Eng. B 31 219
9. Schelp L F, Fert A, Fettar F, Holody P, Lee S F, Maurice J L, Petroff F and Vaures A 1997 Spin-dependent tunneling with Coulomb blockade Phys. Rev. B 56 R5747
10. Dieny B, Sankar S, McCartney M R, Smith D J, Bayle-Guillemaud P and Berkowitz A E 1998 Spin-dependent tunneling in discontinuous metal/insulator multilayers J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 185 283
11. Ono K, Shimada H, Kobayashi S and Ootuka Y 1996 Magnetoresistance of ni/nio/co small tunnel junctions in Coulomb blockade regime J. Phys. Soc. Japan 65 3449
12. Shimada H, Ono K and Ootuka Y 1998 Magneto-Coulomb oscillation in ferromagnetic single electron transistor J. Phys. Soc. Japan 67 1359
13. Ono K, Shimada H and Ootuka Y 1998 Ferromagnetic single electron transistor Solid-State Electron. 42 1407
14. Ootuka Y, Ono K, Shimada H, Matsuda R and Kanda A 2001 Electron transport in ferromagnetic small tunnel junctions Mater. Sci. Eng. B 84 114
15. Ono K, Shimada H and Ootuka Y 1997 Enhanced magnetic valve effect and magneto-Coulomb oscillations in ferromagnetic single electron transistor J. Phys. Soc. Japan 66 1261
16. Mitani S, Takanashi K, Yakushiji K and Fujimori H 1998 Anomalous behavior of temperature and bias-voltage dependence of tunnel-type giant magnetoresistance in insulating granular systems J. Appl. Phys. 83 6524
17. Bruckl H, Reiss G, Vinzelberg H, Bertram M, Monch I and Schumann J 1998 Enhanced magnetoresistance of permalloy/Al-oxide/cobalt tunnel junctions in the Coulomb blockade regime Phys. Rev. B 58 R8893
18. Zhu T and Wang Y J 1999 Enhanced tunneling magnetoresistance of Fe-Al2O3 granular films in the Coulomb blockade regime Phys. Rev. B 60 11918
19. Takahashi S and Maekawa S 1999 Enhancement in spin-dependent tunneling with Coulomb blockade J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 198 143
20. Iwabuchi S, Tanamoto T and Kitawaki R 1998 Coulomb blockade and enhancement of magnetoresistance change in ultrasmall ferromagnetic tunnel junctions Physica B 249 276
21. Takahashi S and Maekawa S 1998 Effect of Coulomb blockade on magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic tunnel junctions Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1758
22. Guinea F 1998 Spin-flip scattering in magnetic junctions Phys. Rev. B 58 9212
23. Sukegawa H, Nakamura S, Hirohata A, Tezuka N and Inomata K 2005 Significant magnetoresistance enhancement due to a cotunneling process in a double tunnel junction with single discontinuous ferromagnetic layer insertion Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 068304
24. Wang X H and Brataas A 1999 Large magnetoresistance ratio in ferromagnetic single-electron transistors in the strong tunneling regime Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 5138
25. Ootuka Y, Matsuda R, Ono K and Shimada H 2000 Spin polarization and magneto-Coulomb oscillations in ferromagnetic single-electron transistors Physica B 280 394
26. Shimada H, Ono K and Ootuka Y 2003 Driving the single-electron device with a magnetic field J. Appl. Phys. 93 8259
27. vander Molen S J, Tombros N and van Wees B J 2006 Magneto-Coulomb effect in spin-valve devices Phys. Rev. B 73 220406
28. Tombros N, van der Molen S J and van Wees B J 2006 Separating spin and charge transport in single-wall carbon nanotubes Phys. Rev. B 73 233403
29. Weymann I and Barnas J 2003 Transport characteristics of ferromagnetic single-electron transistor Phys. Status Solidi b 236 651
30. Barnas J and Fert A 1998 Magnetoresistance oscillations due to charging effects in double ferromagnetic tunnel junctions Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1058
31. Majumdar K and Hershfield S 1998 Magnetoresistance of the double-tunnel-junction Coulomb blockade with magnetic metals Phys. Rev. B 57 11521
32. Barnas J and Fert A 1998 Effects of spin accumulation on single electron tunneling in a double ferromagnetic microjunction Europhys. Lett. 44 85
33. Brataas A, Nazarov Y V, Inoue J and Bauer G E W 1999 Spin accumulation in small ferromagnetic double-barrier junction Phys. Rev. B 59 93
34. Korotkov A N and Safarov V I 1999 Nonequilibrium spin distribution in a single-electron transistor Phys. Rev. B 59 89
35. Barnas J and Fert A 1999 Interplay of spin accumulation and Coulomb blockade in double ferromagnetic junctions J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 192 391
36. Imamura H, Takahashi S and Maekawa S 1999 Spin-dependent Coulomb blockade in ferromagnet/normal-metal/ferromagnet double tunnel junctions Phys. Rev. B 59 6017
37. Kuo W and Chen C D 2002 Gate-controlled spin polarized current in ferromagnetic single electron transistors Phys. Rev. B 65 104427
38. Brataas A and Wang X H 2001 Linear response conductance and magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic single-electron transistors Phys. Rev. B 64 104434
39. Wetzels W, Bauer G E W and Grifoni M 2005 Noncollinear single-electron spin-valve transistors Phys. Rev. B 72 020407
40. Martinek J, Barnas J, Maekawa S, Schoeller H and Schon G 2002 Spin accumulation in ferromagnetic single electron transistors in the cotunneling regime Phys. Rev. B 66 014402
41. Likharev K K 1987 Single-electron transistors: electrostatic analogs of the DC SQUIDS IEEE Trans. Magn. 23 1142
42. Zaffalon M and van Wees B J 2003 Zero-dimensional spin accumulation and spin dynamics in a mesoscopic metal island Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 168601
43. Martinek J, Barnas J, Maekawa S, Schoeller H and Schon G 2002 Spin accumulation and cotunneling effects in ferromagnetic single-electron transistors J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 240 143
44. Hernando H D, Nazarov Y V, Brataas A and Bauer G E W 2000 Conductance modulation by spin precession in noncollinear ferromagnet normal-metal ferromagnet systems Phys. Rev. B 62 5700
45. Braun M, Konig J and Martinek J 2005 Hanle effect in transport through quantum dots coupled to ferromagnetic leads Europhys. Lett. 72 294
46. Zhang L Y, Wang C Y, Wei Y G, Liu X Y and Davidovic D 2005 Spin-polarized electron transport through nanometer-scale al grains Phys. Rev. B 72 155445
47. Filip A T, Jedema F J and van Wees B J 2001 Electrical spin injection and accumulation at room temperature in an all-metal mesoscopic spin valve Nature 410 345
48. Petta J R and Ralph D C 2001 Studies of spin-orbit scattering in noble-metal nanoparticles using energy-level tunneling spectroscopy Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 266801
49. Yakushiji K, Ernult F, Imamura H, Yamane K, Mitani S, Takanashi K, Takahashi S, Maekawa S and Fujimori H 2005 Enhanced spin accumulation and novel magnetotransport in nanoparticles Nat. Mater. 4 57
50. Mitani S, Takanashi K, Yakushiji K, Chiba J and Fujimori H 2001 Study on spin dependent tunneling and Coulomb blockade in granular systems with restricted tunneling paths Mater. Sci. Eng. 84 120
51. Yakushiji K, Mitani S and Takanashi K 2002 Tunnel magnetoresistance oscillations in current perpendicular to plane geometry of coalo granular thin films J. Appl. Phys. 91 7038
52. Yakushiji K, Matsuura M, Mitani S, Takanashi K and Fujimori H 2006 Coulomb staircase and tunnel magnetoresistance in nanowire shaped granular films J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 303 e355
53. Yamane K, Yakushiji K, Ernult F, Matsuura M, Mitani S, Takanashi K and Fujimori H 2004 Inverse tunnel magnetoresistance associated with Coulomb staircases in micro-fabricated granular systems J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 272-276 e1091
54. Imamura H, Chiba J, Mitani S, Takanashi K, Takahashi S, Maekawa S and Fujimori H 2000 Coulomb staircase in STM current through granular films Phys. Rev. B 61 46
55. Weymann I and Barnas J 2006 Negative differential conductance and magnetoresistance oscillations due to spin accumulation in ferromagnetic double-island devices Phys. Rev. B 73 033409
56. Ernult F, Yamane K, Mitani S, Yakushiji K, Takanishi K, Takahashi Y K and Hono K 2004 Spin-dependent single-electron-tunneling effects in epitaxial Fe nanoparticles Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 3106
57. Ralph D C, Black C T and Tinkham M 1995 Spectroscopic measurements of discrete electronic states in single metal particles Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 3241
58. Davidović D and Tinkham M 1999 Spectroscopy, interactions, and level splittings in Au nanoparticles Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 1644
59. Gueron S, Deshmukh M M, Myers E B and Ralph D C 1999 Tunneling via individual electronic states in ferromagnetic nanoparticles Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 4148
60. Deshmukh M M, Kleff S, Guéron S, Bonet E, Pasupathy A N, von Delft J and Ralph D C 2001 Magnetic anisotropy variations and nonequilibrium tunneling in a cobalt nanoparticle Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 226801
61. Von Delft J and Ralph D C 2001 Spectroscopy of discrete energy levels in ultrasmall metalic grain Phys. Rep. 345 61
62. Desmicht R, Faini G C, Cros V, Fert A, Petroff F and Vaures A 1998 Point-contact electrodes to probe charging effects in individual ultrasmall cobalt clusters Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 387
63. Deshmukh M M and Ralph D C 2002 Using single quantum states as spin filters to study spin polarization in ferromagnets Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 266803
64. Pasupathy A N, Bialczak R C, Martinek J, Grose J E, Donev L A K, McEuen P L and Ralph D C 2004 The Kondo effect in the presence of ferromagnetism Science 306 86
65. Bouzehouane K, Fusil S, Bibes M, Carrey J, Blon T, Le Du M, Seneor P, Cros V and Vila L 2003 Nanolithography based on real-time electrically controled indentation with an atomic force microscope for nanocontact elaboration Nano Lett. 3 1599
66. Bernand-Mantel A, Seneor P, Lidgi N, Munoz M, Cros V, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Deranlot C, Vaures A, Petroff F and Fert A 2006 Evidence for spin injection in a single metallic nanoparticle: a step towards nanospintronics Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 062502
67. Bernand-Mantel A, Seneor P and Petroff F et al private communication
68. Bergmann G 1984 Weak localization in thin films Phys. Rep. 107 1
69. Gougam A B, Pierre F, Pothier D, Esteve H and Birge N O 2000 Comparison of energy and phase relaxation in metallic wires J. Low Temp. Phys. 118 447
70. Bird J P (ed) 2003 Electron Transport in Quantum Dots (Berlin: Springer)
71. Elzerman J M et al 2005 Quantum Dots: A Doorway to Nanoscale Physics (Lecture Notes in Physics vol 667) (Berlin: Springer) p25
72. Brataas A, Hirano M, Inoue J, Nazarov Y V and Bauer G E W 2001 Spin accumulation in a quantum cluster resolved in tunnel junctions Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 40 2329
73. Barnaś J, Martinek J, Michałek G, Bułka B R and Fert A 2000 Spin effects in ferromagnetic single-electron transistors Phys. Rev. B 62 12363
74. Fransson J, Eriksson O and Sandalov I 2002 Many-body approach to spin-dependent transport in quantum dot systems Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 226601
75. Bułka B R 2000 Current and power spectrum in a magnetic tunnel device with an atomic-size spacer Phys. Rev. B 62 1186
76. Rudziński W and Barnaś J 2001 Tunnel magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic junctions: tunneling through a single discrete level Phys. Rev. B 64 085318
77. Weymann I, Barnas J, Konig J, Martinek J and Schon G 2005 Zero-bias anomaly in cotunnelling transport through quantum dot spin valves Phys. Rev. B 72 113301
78. Weymann I, Konig J, Martinek J, Barnas J and Schon G 2005 Tunnel magnetoresistance of quantum dots coupled to ferromagnetic leads in the sequential and cotunneling regimes Phys. Rev. B 72 115334
79. Gorelik L Y, Kulinich S I, Shekhter R I, Jonson M and Vinokur V M 2005 Coulomb promotion of spin-dependent tunneling Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 116806
80. Weymann I and Barnas J 2006 Effect of intrinsic spin relaxation on the spin-dependent cotunneling transport through quantum dots Phys. Rev. B 73 205309
81. Bułka B R, Martinek J, Michałek G and Barnaś J 1999 Shot noise in ferromagnetic single-electron tunneling devices Phys. Rev. B 60 12246
82. Cottet A, Belzig W and Bruder C 2004 Positive cross correlations in a three-terminal quantum dot with ferromagnetic contacts Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 206801
83. Cottet A, Belzig W and Bruder C 2004 Positive cross-correlations due to dynamical channel blockade in a three-terminal quantum dot Phys. Rev. B 70 115315
84. Mu H-F, Su G and Zheng Q-R 2006 Spin current and current-induced spin transfer torque in ferromagnet-quantum dot-ferromagnet coupled systems Phys. Rev. B 73 054414
85. Usaj G and Baranger H U 2001 Mesoscopic tunneling magnetoresistance Phys. Rev. B 63 184418
86. Konig J and Martinek J 2003 Interaction-driven spin precession in quantum-dot spin valves Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 166602
87. Braun M, Konig J and Martinek J 2004 Theory of transport through quantum-dot spin valves in the weak-coupling regime Phys. Rev. B 70 195345
88. Rudzinski W, Barnas J, Swirkowicz R and Wilczynski M 2005 Spin effects in electron tunneling through a quantum dot coupled to noncollinearly polarized ferromagnetic leads Phys. Rev. B 71 205307
89. Braig S and Brouwer P W 2005 Rate equations for Coulomb blockade with ferromagnetic leads Phys. Rev. B 71 195324
90. Pedersen J N, Thomassen J Q and Flensberg K 2005 Noncollinear magnetoconductance of a quantum dot Phys. Rev. B 72 045341
91. Gurvitz S A, Mozyrsky D and Berman G P 2005 Coherent effects in magnetotransport through Zeeman-split levels Phys. Rev. B 72 205341
92. Weymann I and Barnas J 2005 Cotunnelling through quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads with noncollinear magnetizations Eur. Phys. J. B 46 289
93. Wunderlich J, Jungwirth T, Kaestner B, Irvine A C, Shick A B, Stone N, Wang K-Y, Rana U, Giddings A D, Foxon C T, Campion R P, Williams D A and Gallagher B L 2006 Coulomb blockade anisotropic magnetoresistance effect in a (Ga, Mn)As single-electron transistor Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 077201
94. Wunderlich J 2004 private communication
95. Sahoo S, Kontos T, Furer J, Hoffmann C, Graber M, Cottet A and Schonenberger C 2005 Electric field control of spin transport Nat. Phys. 1 1
96. Venema L C, Wildoer J W G, Janssen J W, Tans S J, Temminck Tuinstra H L J, Kouwenhoven L P and Dekker C 1999 Imaging electron wave functions of quantized energy levels in carbon nanotubes Science 283 52
97. Tans S J, Devoret M H, Dai H, Thess A, Smalley R E, Geerligs L J and Dekker C 1997 Individual single-wall carbon nanotubes as quantum wires Nature 386 474
98. Cobden D H, Bockrath M, McEuen P L, Rinzler A G and Smalley R E 1998 Spin splitting and even-odd effects in carbon nanotubes Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 681-4
99. Cobden D H and Nygrd J 2002 Shell filling in closed single-wall carbon nanotube quantum dots Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 046803
100. Liang W, Bockrath M and Park H 2002 Shell filling and exchange coupling in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 126801
101. Kong J, Yenilmez E, Tombler T W, Kim W, Dai H, Laughlin R B, Liu L, Jayanthi C S and Wu S Y 2001 Quantum interference and ballistic transmission in nanotube electron waveguides Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 106801
102. Liang W, Bockrath M, Bozovic D, Hafner J H, Tinkham M and Park H 2001 Fabry-Perot interference in a nanotube electron waveguide Nature 411 665
103. Alphenaar B W, Tsukagoshi K and Ago H 1999 Coherent transport of electron spin in a ferromagnetically contacted carbon nanotube Nature 401 572
104. Zhao B, Monch I, Vinzelberg H, Muhl T and Schneidera C M 2002 Spin-coherent transport in ferromagnetically contacted carbon nanotubes Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 3144
105. Kim J-R, So H M, Kim J-J and Kim J 2002 Spin-dependent transport properties in a single-walled carbon nanotube with mesoscopic Co contacts Phys. Rev. B 66 233401
106. Hueso L E, Burnell G, Prieto J L, Granja L, Bell C, Kang D J, Chhowalla M, Cha S N, Jang J E, Amaratunga G A J and Mathur N D 2006 Electrical transport between epitaxial manganites and carbon nanotubes Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 083120
107. Man H T, Wever I J W and Morpurgo A F 2006 Spin-dependent quantum interference in single-wall carbon nanotubes with ferromagnetic contacts Phys. Rev. B 73 241401
108. Jensen A, Hauptmann J R, Nygrd J and Lindelof P E 2005 Magnetoresistance in ferromagnetically contacted single-wall carbon nanotubes Phys. Rev. B 72 035419
109. Nagabhirava B, Bansal T, Sumanasekera G U, Alphenaar B W and Liu L 2006 Gated spin transport through an individual single wall carbon nanotube Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 023503
110. Javey A, Guo J, Wang Q, Lundstrom M and Dai H 2003 Ballistic carbon nanotube field-effect transistors Nature 424 654
111. Glazman L and Raikh M E 1988 Resonant Kondo transparency of a barrier with quasilocal impurity states JETP Lett. 47 452
112. Ng T K and Lee P A 1988 On-site Coulomb repulsion and resonant tunneling Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 1768
113. Pustilnik M and Glazman L 2004 Kondo effect in quantum dots J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16 R513
114. Sergueev N, Sun Q-F, Guo H, Wang B G and Wang J 2002 Spin-polarized transport through a quantum dot: Anderson model with on-site Coulomb repulsion Phys. Rev. B 65 165303
115. Zhang P, Xue Q-K, Wang Y and Xie X C 2002 Spin-dependent transport through an interacting quantum dot Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 286803
116. Martinek J, Utsumi Y, Imamura H, Barnas J, Maekawa S, Konig J and Schon G 2003 Kondo effect in quantum dots coupled to ferromagnetic leads Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 127203
117. Bulka B R and Lipinski S 2003 Coherent electronic transport and Kondo resonance in magnetic nanostructures Phys. Rev. B 67 024404
118. Lopez R and Sanchez D 2003 Nonequilibrium spintronic transport through an artificial Kondo impurity: conductance, magnetoresistance, and shot noise Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 116602
119. Martinek J, Sindel M, Borda L, Barnas J, Konig J, Schon G and von Delft J 2003 Kondo effect in the presence of itinerant-electron ferromagnetism studied with the numerical renormalization group method Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 247202
120. Swirkowicz R, Barnas J and Wilczynski M 2003 Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in quantum dots Phys. Rev. B 68 195318
121. Choi M-S, Sanchez D and Lopez R 2004 Kondo effect in a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads: a numerical renormalization group analysis Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 056601
122. Utsumi Y, Martinek J, Schon G, Imamura H and Maekawa S 2005 Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads Phys. Rev. B 71 245116
123. Swirkowicz R, Wilczynski M, Wawrzyniak M and Barnas J 2006 Kondo effect in quantum dots coupled to ferromagnetic leads with noncollinear magnetizations Phys. Rev. B 73 193312
124. Sanchez D and Lopez R 2005 Three-terminal transport through a quantum dot in the Kondo regime: conductance, dephasing, and current-current correlations Phys. Rev. B 71 035315
125. Martinek J, Sindel M, Borda L, Barnas J, Bulla R, Konig J, Schon G, Maekawa S and von Delft J 2005 Gate-controlled spin splitting in quantum dots with ferromagnetic leads in the Kondo regime Phys. Rev. B 72 121302
126. Tanaka Y and Kawakami N 2005 Interference effects on Kondo-assisted transport through double quantum dots Phys. Rev. B 72 085304
127. Sanchez D, Lopez R and Choi M S 2005 Spintronic transport and Kondo effect in quantum dots J. Supercond. 18 251
128. Jamet M, Wernsdorfer W, Thirion C, Mailly D, Dupuis V, Mélinon P and Pérez A 2001 Magnetic anisotropy of a single cobalt nanocluster Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 4676
129. Canali C M and MacDonald A H 2000 Theory of tunneling spectroscopy in ferromagnetic nanoparticles Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 5623
130. Kleff S, von Delft J, Deshmukh M M and Ralph D C 2001 Model for ferromagnetic nanograins with discrete electronic states Phys. Rev. B 64 220401
131. Kleff S and von Delft J 2002 Nonequilibrium excitations in ferromagnetic nanoparticles Phys. Rev. B 65 214421
132. Waintal X and Brouwer P W 2003 Tunable magnetic relaxation mechanism in magnetic nanoparticles Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 247201
133. Inoue J and Brataas A 2004 Magnetization reversal induced by spin accumulation in ferromagnetic transition-metal dots Phys. Rev. B 70 140406
134. Waintal X and Parcollet O 2005 Current-induced spin torque in a nanomagnet Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 247206
135. Jalil M B A and Tan S G 2005 Spin transfer and current-induced switching in a ferromagnetic single-electron transistor Phys. Rev. B 72 214417
136. Parcollet O and Waintal X 2006 Spin torque in a nanomagnet coupled to noncollinear ferromagnetic electrodes Phys. Rev. B 73 144420
137. Rocha A R, Garcia-Suarez V M, Bailey S W, Lambert C J, Ferrer J and Sanvito S 2005 Towards molecular spintronics Nat. Mater. 4 335
138. Xiong Z H, Wu D, Vardeny Z V and Shi J 2002 Giant magnetoresistance in organic spin valves Nature 427 821
139. Thomas L, Lionti F, Ballou R, Gatteschi D, Sessoli R and Barbara B 1996 Macroscopic quantum tunneling of magnetization in a single crystal of nanomagnets Nature 383 145
140. Friedman J R, Sarachik M P, Tejada J and Ziolo R 1996 Macroscopic measurement of resonant magnetization tunneling in high-spin molecules Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 3830
141. Wernsdorfer W and Sessoli R 1999 Quantum phase interference and parity effects in magnetic molecular clusters Science 284 133
142. Kim G-H and Kim T-S 2004 Electronic transport in single-molecule magnets on metallic surfaces Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 137203
143. Romeike C, Wegewijs M R, Hofstetter W and Schoeller H 2006 Quantum-tunneling-induced Kondo effect in single molecular magnets Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 196601
144. Heersche H B, deGroot Z, Folk J A, vander Zant H S J, Romeike C, Wegewijs M R, Zobbi L, Barreca D, Tondello E and Cornia A 2006 Electron transport through single Mn12 molecular magnets Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 206801