Genetic interference reduces the evolvability of modular and non-modular visual neural networks

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 362, Issue 1479, 2007, Pages 403-410

  Calabretta, Raffaele ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF COGNITIVE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES   (Italy)

Author keywords

'What and where' tasks; Evolution of modularity; Evolutionary connectionism; Genetic algorithms; Genetic linkage; Nature nurture debate

Indexed keywords

EVOLUTIONARY THEORY; GENETIC ALGORITHM; NERVOUS SYSTEM; NEUROLOGY; POPULATION GENETICS; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; SIMULATION;

PRIMATES;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BRAIN; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; HUMAN; NERVE CELL NETWORK; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIMATE; VISION;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; EVOLUTION; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NERVE NET; NEURAL NETWORKS (COMPUTER); PRIMATES; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 34247097533     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2006.1967     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Barkow, J., Cosmides, L. & Toby, J. 1992 The adapted mind: evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
2. Barton, R. A., Aggleton, J. P. & Grenyer, R. 2003 Evolutionary coherence of the mammalian amygdala. Proc. R. Soc. B 270, 539-554. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2276)
3. Bar-Yam, Y. 2000 "Significant points" in the study of complex systems. In Unifying themes in complex systems (ed. Y. Bar-Yam).
4. Bates, E. 1994 Modularity, domain specificity and the development of language. Disc. Neurosci. 10, 136-149.
5. Calabretta, R. 2002a Connessionismo evolutivo e origine della modularità. In Scienze della Mente (eds A. Borghi & T. Iachini), pp. 47-63. Bologna, Italy: il Mulino.
6. Calabretta, R. 2002b An evo-devo approach to modularity of mind. Abstract in Proc. Int. Conf. on Complex Systems. Nashua, NH, June 9-14, 2002.
7. Calabretta, R. 2006 Il film delle emozioni. Rome, Italy: Gaffi.
8. Calabretta, R. & Parisi, D. 2005 Evolutionary connectionism and mind/brain modularity. In Modularity. Understanding the development and evolution of complex natural systems (eds W. Callebaut & D. Rasskin-Gutman), pp. 309-330. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
9. Calabretta, R., Wagner, G. P., Nolfi, S. & Parisi, D. 1997 Evolutionary mechanisms for the origin of modular design in artificial neural networks. Technical report # 51, Yale Center for Computational Ecology, Yale University.
10. Calabretta, R., Nolfi, S., Parisi, D. & Wagner, G. P. 1998a A case study of the evolution of modularity: towards a bridge between evolutionary biology, artificial life, neuro-and cognitive science. In Artificial life VI (eds C. Adami, R. Belew, H. Kitano & C. Taylor), pp. 275-284. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
11. Calabretta, R., Nolfi, S., Parisi, D. & Wagner, G. P. 1998b Emergence of functional modularity in robots. In From animals to animats 5 (eds R. Pfeifer, B. Blumberg, J.-A. Meyer & S. W. Wilson), pp. 497-504. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
12. Calabretta, R., Nolfi, S., Parisi, D. & Wagner, G. P. 2000 Duplication of modules facilitates the evolution of functional specialization. Artif. Life 6, 69-84. (doi:10.1162/106454600568320)
13. Calabretta, R., Di Ferdinando, A., Keil, F. C. & Parisi, D. 2002 Sequential learning in nonmodular neural networks. Abstract in Proc. Special Workshop on Multidisciplinary Aspects of Learning, European Society for the study of Cognitive Systems, Clichy, 17-19 January 2002.
14. Calabretta, R., Di Ferdinando, A., Wagner, G. P. & Parisi, D. 2003a What does it take to evolve behaviorally complex organisms? BioSystems 69, 245-262. (doi:10.1016/S0303-2647(02)00140-5)
15. Calabretta, R., Di Ferdinando, A., Parisi, D. & Keil, F. C. 2003b. How to learn multiple tasks. Technical Report, Istituto di Psicologia, Italian National Research Council (CNR).
16. Calabretta, R., Di Ferdinando, A. & Parisi, D. 2004 Ecological neural networks for object recognition and generalization. Neural Process. Lett. 19, 37-48. (doi:10.1023/B:NEPL.0000016846.74699.1a)
17. Carruthers, P. 2003 Is the mind a system of modules shaped by natural selection? In Contemporary debates in the philosophy of science (ed. C. Hitchcock). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
18. De Visser, J. A. G. M., Zeyl, C. W., Gerrish, P. J., Blanchard, J. L. & Lenski, R. E. 1999 Diminishing returns from mutation supply rate in asexual populations. Science 283, 404-406. (doi:10.1126/science. 283.5400.404)
19. Di Ferdinando, A., Calabretta, R. & Parisi, D. 2000 Evolution of modularity in a vision task. Technical Report, Istituto di Psicologia, Italian National Research Council (CNR).
20. Di Ferdinando, A., Calabretta, R. & Parisi, D. 2001 Evolving modular architectures for neural networks. In Connectionist models of learning, development and evolution (eds R. M. French & J. P. Sougné), pp. 253-262. London, UK: Springer.
21. Felsenstein, J. 1974 The evolutionary advantage of recombination. Genetics 78, 737-756.
22. Fodor, J. 1983 The modularity of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
23. Fodor, J. 2000 The mind doesn't work that way: the scope and limits of computational psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
24. Futuyma, D. J. 1998 Evolutionary biology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
25. Haigh, J. 1978 The accumulation of deleterious genes in a population - Muller's Ratchet. Theor. Popul. Biol. 14, 251-267. (doi:10.1016/0040-5809(78)90027-8)
26. Hirsch, J. et al. 2000 An integrated fMRI procedure for preoperative mapping of cortical areas associated with tactile, motor, language, and visual functions. Neurosurgery 47, 711-722. (doi:10.1097/00006123-200009000-00037)
27. Holland, J. H. 1992 Adaptation in natural and artificial systems: an introductory analysis with applications to biology, control, and artificial intelligence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
28. Jacobs, R. A. & Jordan, M. I. 1992 Computational consequences of a bias toward short connections. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 4, 323-335.
29. Jacobs, R. A., Jordan, M. I. & Barto, A. G. 1991 Task decomposition through competition in a modular connectionist architecture: the what and where vision tasks. Cogn. Sci. 15, 219-250. (doi:10.1016/0364-0213(91) 80006-Q)
30. Karmiloff-Smith, A. 2000 Why babies' brains are not Swiss army knives. In Alas, poor Darwin (eds H. Rose & S. Rose), pp. 144-156. London, UK: Jonathan Cape.
31. LeDoux, J. E. 1996 The emotional brain. New York, NY: Simon, Schuster.
32. LeDoux, J. E. 2002 Synaptic self: how our brains become who we are. New York, NY: Viking.
33. Marcus, G. F. 2006 Cognitive architecture and descent with modification. Cognition 101, 443-465. (doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.04.009)
34. Milner, A. D. & Goodale, M. A. 1995 The visual brain in action. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
35. Murre, J. M. J. 1992 Learning and categorization in modular neural networks. New York, NY: Harvester.
36. Pereira-Leal, J. B. & Teichmann, S. A. 2005 Novel specificities emerge by stepwise duplication of functional modules. Genome Res. 15, 552-559. (doi:10.1101/gr.3102105)
37. Pereira-Leal, J. B., Levy, E. D. & Teichmann, S. A. 2006 The evolution and origins of modularity: lessons from protein complexes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 361, 507-517. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1807)
38. Pinker, S. 1997 How the mind works. New York, NY: Norton.
39. Pinker, S. & Prince, A. 1988 On language and connectionism: analysis of a parallel distributed processing model of language acquisition. Cognition 28, 73-193. (doi:10.1016/0010-0277(88)90032-7)
40. Plaut, D. C. & Hinton, G. E. 1987 Learning sets of filters using back-propagation. Comput. Speech Lang. 2, 35-61. (doi:10.1016/0885-2308(87)90026-X)
41. Plotkin, H. 1997 Evolution in mind. London, UK: Alan Lane.
42. Rueckl, J. G., Cave, K. R. & Kosslyn, S. M. 1989 Why are "what" and "where" processed by separate cortical visual systems? A computational investigation. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 1, 171-186.
43. Rumelhart, D. & McClelland, J. 1986 Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
44. Spelke, E. 1994 Initial knowledge: six suggestions. Cognition 50, 431-445. (doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90039-6)
45. Sperber, D. 2002 In defense of massive modularity. In Language, brain and cognitive development: essays in honor of Jacques Mehler (ed. E. Dupoux), pp. 47-57. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
46. Ungerleider, L. G. & Mishkin, M. 1982 Two cortical visual systems. In The analysis of visual behavior (eds D. J. Ingle, M. A. Goodale & R. J. W. Mansfield), pp. 549-586. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
47. Wagner, G. P. 1995a Homologues, natural kinds and the evolution of modularity. Am. Zool. 36, 36-43.
48. Wagner, G. P. 1995b The biological role of homologues: a building block hypothesis. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 19, 279-288.
49. Wagner, G. P. & Altenberg, L. 1996 Complex adaptations and the evolution of evolvability. Evolution 50, 967-976. (doi:10.2307/2410639)
50. Wagner, G. P. & Mezey, J. 2004 The role of genetic architecture constraints in the origin of variational modularity. In Modularity in development and evolution (eds G. Schlosser & G. P. Wagner), pp. 338-358. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
51. Wagner, G. P., Mezey, J. & Calabretta, R. 2005 Natural selection and the origin of modules. In Modularity. Understanding the development and evolution of complex natural systems (eds W. Callebaut & D. Rasskin-Gutman), pp. 33-49. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
52. Waxman, D. & Peck, J. R. 1999 Sex and adaptation in a changing environment. Genetics 153, 1041-1053.