Human mobility in Roman Italy, II: The slave population

Journal of Roman Studies

Volumn 95, Issue , 2005, Pages 64-79

  Scheidel, Walter ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34147141484     PISSN: 00754358     EISSN: 1753528X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3815/000000005784016270     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. e.g., W. V. Harris, War and Imperialism in Republican Rome 327-70 BC (1979), 59, 63, 81
2. A. Ziolkowski, 'The plundering of Epirus in 167 BC: economic considerations', PBSR 54 (1986), 69-80
3. J. Beloch, Die Bevölkerung der griechisch-römischen Welt (1886), 415-18
4. Cf. T. Frank, 'Roman census statistics from 225 to 28 B.C.', CP 19 (1924), 341, who invents 4 million 'slaves and foreigners'
5. M. I. Finley, Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology (exp. edn 1998, ed. B. D. Shaw), 148
6. M. Deuchler, 'Korea', in S. Drescher and S. L. Engerman (eds), A Historical Guide to World Slavery (1998), 246
7. O. Patterson, Slavery and Social Death (1982), 354-8
8. B. W. Higman, 'Demography', in Drescher and Engerman, 169
9. W. Jongman, The Economy and Society of Pompeii (1988), 193: 100 decurions for each of the largest 100 cities and 30 each for 330 others add up to 20,000
10. For a larger number of knights, see W. Scheidel, 'Stratification, deprivation and quality of life', in M. Atkins and R. Osborne (eds), Poverty in the Roman World (forthcoming)
11. R. S. Bagnall, B. W. Frier and I. C. Rutherford, The Census Register P.Oxy 984 (1997), 98
12. R. S. Bagnall and B. W. Frier, The Demography of Roman Egypt (1994), 49, 71
13. See also W. L. Westermann, The Slave Systems of Greek and Roman Antiquity (1955), 88-9, for some anecdotal evidence suggestive of relatively moderate levels of slave-owning even in privileged circles
14. Cf. R. Duncan-Jones, The Economy of the Roman Empire (2nd edn, 1982), 331-2
15. A. Tchernia, Le vin d'Italie romaine (1986)
16. cf. J. J. Rossiter, 'Wine and oil processing at Roman farms in Italy', Phoenix 35 (1981), 348
17. D. W. Rathbone, 'Roman farming', CR 35 (1985), 330
18. B. Ward-Perkins et al., 'Luni and the ager Lunensis: the rise and fall of a Roman town and its territory', PBSR 54 (1986), 142
19. see P. Garnsey, Cities, Peasants and Food in Classical Antiquity (ed. W. Scheidel) (1998), 166-79
20. cf. N. Morley, Metropolis and Hinterland (1996), 151-8
21. W. Rinkewitz, Pastio Villatica (1984)
22. R. Meiggs, Trees and Timber in the Ancient Mediterranean World (1982) is not helpful
23. M. S. Spurr, Arable Cultivation in Roman Italy c.200 B.C.-c.A.D. 100 (1986), 136-40
24. A. M. Andermahr, Totus in Praediis (1998), 125
25. W. Scheidel, 'Grain cultivation in the villa economy of Roman Italy', in J. Carlsen et al. (eds), Landuse in the Roman Empire (1994), 159-66
26. Contrary to the communis opinio, it is not true that Columella associated arable cultivation with small-scale farm tenancy: W. Scheidel, Grundpacht und Lohnarbeit in der Landwirtschaft des römischen Italien (1994), 83-129
27. E. Lo Cascio, 'The population of Roman Italy in town and country', in J. Bintliff and K. Sbonias (eds), Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe (3000 BC-AD 1800) (1999), 163
28. P. D. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint (1998), 82
29. W. Scheidel, 'Quantifying the sources of slaves in the early Roman Empire', JRS 87 (1997), 160-3
30. S. Bagnall, 'Missing females in Roman Egypt', SCI 16 (1997), 121-38
31. S. B. Pomeroy, 'Infanticide in Hellenistic Greece', in A. Cameron and A. Kuhrt (eds), Images of Women in Antiquity (1983), 207-22
32. P. Brule, 'Infanticide et abandon d'enfants: pratiques grecques et comparaisons anthropologiques', DHA 18 (1992), 53-90
33. M. A. Dandamaev, Slavery in Babylonia (1984), 218, 406
34. L. Schumacher, Sklaverei in der Antike (2001), 42
35. W. Scheidel, 'Emperors, aristocrats, and the Grim Reaper; towards a demographic profile of the Roman élite', CQ 49 (1999). 255-66
36. M. Livi-Bacci, Population and Nutrition (1991), 63-7
37. S. R. Johansson, 'Food for thought: rhetoric and reality in modern mortality history', Historical Methods 27 (1994), 113-14
38. For this reason alone, we cannot use evidence of differential mortality among whites and slaves in the mid-nineteenth century (as in, e.g., T. L. Savitt, Medicine and Slavery (1978), 141)
39. e.g., H. S. Klein, African Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean (1986), 159-60
40. R. W. Fogel, Without Consent or Contract (1989), 127-8
41. W. Dusinberre, Them Dark Days (1996), 410-16 (rice swamps)
42. R. Sallares, Malaria and Rome (2002), 247-55
43. I will discuss this more fully in Scheidel, 'Real slave prices and the relative cost of slave labor in the Greco-Roman world', AncSoc 35 (2005)
44. J. Straus, L'achat et la vente des esclaves dans l'Égypte romaine (2004), 296-8
45. M. Karasch and R. E. Conrad in P. Finkelman and J. C. Miller (eds), Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery 1 (1998), 116, 128