Palaeoecology of degraded blanket mire in South Wales: Data to inform conservation management

Biological Conservation

Volumn 137, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 197-209

  Chambers, Frank M ^a   Mauquoy, Dmitri ^a   Gent, Andy ^a   Pearson, Freya ^a   Daniell, John R G ^a   Jones, Peter S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLOUCESTERSHIRE   (United Kingdom)

^b Maes y Ffynnon ^*  (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Blanket bog; Habitat management; Mire conservation; Palaeoecological techniques; Plant macrofossil analysis; Pollen analysis

Indexed keywords

BLANKET BOG; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; DEGRADATION; GRAZING PRESSURE; HABITAT CONSERVATION; PALEOECOLOGY; VEGETATION HISTORY;

BRECON BEACONS; EURASIA; EUROPE; HIRWAUN; LLANGATTOCK MOUNTAIN; POWYS; RHONDDA CYNON TAFF; SOUTH WALES; UNITED KINGDOM; WALES; WESTERN EUROPE;

CALLUNA; DROSERA; DROSERA INTERMEDIA; MOLINIA; SPHAGNUM; SPHAGNUM IMBRICATUM;

EID: 34147094611     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.02.002     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Aaby B. Cyclic climatic variations in climate over the last 5,500 years reflected in raised bogs. Nature 263 (1976) 281-284
2. Aaby B. Palaeoecological studies of mires. In: Berglund B.E. (Ed). Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology (1986), John Wiley, Chichester 145-164
3. Anderson, P., Ross, S., Eyre, G., Longden, K., 2006. Restoration of Molinia-dominated Blanket Mires. Countryside Council for Wales Contract Science Report 742, CCW, Bangor.
4. Barber K.E. History of vegetation. In: Chapman S.B. (Ed). Methods in Plant Ecology (1976), Blackwell, Oxford 5-83
5. Barber K.E., Maddy D., Rose N., Stevenson A.C., Stoneman R.E., and Thompson R. Replicated proxy-climate signals over the last 2000 years from two distant UK peat bogs: new evidence for regional palaeoclimatic teleconnections. Quaternary Science Reviews 19 (2000) 481-487
6. Bardgett R.D., Marsden J.H., and Howard D.C. The extent and condition of heather on moorland in the uplands of England and Wales. Biological Conservation 71 (1995) 155-161
7. Berendse F., Schmitz M., and de Visser W. Experimental manipulation of succession in heathland ecosystems. Oecologia 100 (1994) 38-44
8. Blackford J.J., and Chambers F.M. Determining the degree of peat decomposition in peat-based palaeoclimatic studies. International Peat Journal 5 (1993) 7-24
9. Boatman D.J. The Silver Flowe National Nature Reserve, Galloway, Scotland. Journal of Biogeography 10 (1983) 163-274
10. Burn, A.M., 1981. Upland Vegetation Survey Site Report No. 1: Mynydd Llangattock. Wales Field Unit Project W79/6/2. Nature Conservancy Council, Bangor, Wales.
11. In: Caseldine A. (Ed). Environmental Archaeology in Wales (1990), Department of Archaeology, University of Wales, Lampeter
12. Chambers F.M. Two radiocarbon-dated pollen diagrams from high-altitude blanket peats in South Wales. Journal of Ecology 70 (1982) 445-459
13. Chambers F.M. Environmental history of Cefn Gwernffrwd, near Rhandirmwyn, Mid-Wales. New Phytologist 92 (1982) 607-615
14. Chambers F.M. Three radiocarbon-dated pollen diagrams from upland peats north-west of Merthyr Tydfil, South Wales. Journal of Ecology 71 (1983) 475-487
15. Chambers, F.M., Mauquoy, D., 1998. Recent Human Impact on Welsh Blanket Bogs. Contract Science Report 301, Countryside Council for Wales, Bangor.
16. Chambers F.M., Dresser P.Q., and Smith A.G. Radiocarbon dating evidence on the impact of atmospheric pollution on upland peats. Nature 282 (1979) 829-831
17. Chambers F.M., Mauquoy D., and Todd P.A. Recent rise to dominance of Molinia caerulea in Environmentally Sensitive Areas: new perspectives from palaeoecological data. Journal of Applied Ecology 26 (1999) 719-733
18. Chambers, F.M., Mauquoy, D., Cloutman, E.W., Daniell, J.R.G., Jones, P., 2007. Recent vegetational history of Drygarn Fawr (Elenydd SSSI), Mid-Wales: implications for conservation management of degraded blanket mires. Biodiversity and Conservation 16, in press.
19. Clapham A.R., Tutin T.G., and Moore D.M. Flora of the British Isles. third ed (1987), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
20. Clark J.S. Stratigraphic charcoal analysis on petrographic thin sections: application to fire history in northwestern Minnesota. Quaternary Research 30 (1988) 81-91
21. Clark J.S. Particle motion and the theory of charcoal analysis: source area, transport, deposition and sampling. Quaternary Research 30 (1988) 67-80
22. Damblon F. Palaeobotanical analysis of Eriophorum and Molinia tussocks as a means of reconstructing recent history of disturbed mires in the Haute-Ardenne, Belgium. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 75 (1992) 273-288
23. Etherington J.R. Ecological patterns in the Rhondda Valleys. In: Hopkins K.S. (Ed). Rhondda Past and Future (1975), Rhondda Borough Council 235-245
24. Ferguson P., Lee J.A., and Bell J.N.B. Effects of sulfur pollutants on growth of Sphagnum species. Environmental Pollution 16 (1978) 151-162
25. Gimingham C.H., and de Smidt J.T. Heaths as natural and semi-natural vegetation. In: Holzner W., Werger M.J.A., and Ikusima I. (Eds). Man's Impact on Vegetation (1983), Dr W. Junk, The Hague 185-199
26. Grant S.A., Torvell L., Common T.G., Sim E.M., and Small J.L. Controlled grazing studies on Molinia grassland: effects of different seasonal patterns and levels of defoliation on Molinia growth and responses of swards to contolled grazing by cattle. Journal of Applied Ecology 33 (1996) 1267-1280
27. Green B.H. Factors influencing the spatial and temporal distribution of Sphagnum imbricatum Hornsch. ex Russ. in the British Isles. Journal of Ecology 56 (1968) 47-58
28. Griffin J.J., and Goldberg E.D. Sphericity as a characteristic of solids from fossil fuel burning in a Lake Michigan sediment. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta 45 (1981) 763-769
29. Grimm E. TILIA and TILIAGRAPH (1991), Illinois State Museum, Illinois
30. Hansen K. Ecological studies in Danish heath vegetation. Dansk Botanisk Archiv 31 (1976) 7-116
31. Heil O.W., and Diemont W.M. Raised nutrient levels change heathland into grassland. Vegetatio 53 (1983) 113-120
32. Ingram H.A.P. Soil layers in mires: function and terminology. Journal of Soil Science 219 (1978) 224-227
33. Kaland P.E. The development of blanket mires in western Norway. In: Birks H.H., Birks H.J.B., Kaland P.E., and Moe D. (Eds). The Cultural Landscape: Past, Present, Future (1988), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 475
34. Lageard J.G.A., Chambers F.M., and Grant M.E. Modified versions of a traditional peat cutting tool to improve field sampling of peat monoliths. Quaternary Newsletter 74 (1994) 10-15
35. Lindsay R.A., Charman D.J., Everingham F., O'Reilly R.M., Palmer M.A., Rowell T.A., and Stroud D.A. The Flow Country: the Peatlands of Caithness and Sutherland (1988), Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough
36. MacDonald G.M., Larsen C.P.S., Szeicz J.M., and Moser K.A. The reconstruction of Boreal Forest fire history from lake sediments: a comparison of pollen, sedimentological and geochemical indices. Quaternary Science Reviews 10 (1991) 53-71
37. Marrs R.H., Phillips J.D.P., Todd P.A., Ghorbani J., and Le Duc M.G. Control of Molinia caerulea on upland moors. Journal of Applied Ecology 41 (2004) 398-411
38. Mauquoy D., and Barber K.E. Evidence for climatic deteriorations associated with the decline of Sphagnum imbricatum Hornsch Ex Russ in six ombrotrophic mires from Northern England and the Scottish Borders. The Holocene 9 (1999) 423-437
39. McClymont, E.L., Mauquoy, D., Yeloff, D.E., Broekens, P., van Geel, B., Pancost, R.D., Evershed, R P., (submitted for publication). A multi-proxy assessment of the disappearance of Sphagnum imbricatum from Butterburn Flow, UK: increased bog wetness or changing nutrient supplies? The Holocene.
40. Moore P.D., Merryfield D.L., and Price M.D.R. The vegetation and development of blanket mires. In: Moore P.D. (Ed). European Mires (1984), Academic Press, London 203-235
41. NCC. Nature Conservation in Great Britain (1984), Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough
42. NEGTAP, 2001. Transboundary Air Pollution: Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone in the UK. National Expert Group on Transboundary Air Pollution, DEFRA, London.
43. Pitcairn C.E.R., Fowler D., and Grace J. Deposition of fixed atmospheric nitrogen and foliar nitrogen content of bryophytes and Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Environmental Pollution 88 (1995) 193-205
44. Prøsch-Danielsen L., and Øvstedal D.O. Vegetation history of Molinia heaths in Tysvær, Rogaland, western Norway. Nordic Journal of Botany 14 (1994) 557-568
45. Renberg I., and Wik M. Carbonaceous particles in lake sediments - pollutants from fossil fuel combustion. Ambio 14 (1985) 161-163
46. Rodwell J.S., Pigott C.D., Ratcliffe D.A., Malloch A.J.C., Birks H.J.B., Proctor M.C.F., Shimwell D.W., Huntley J.P., Radford E., Wigginton M.J., and Wilkins P. British Plant Communities: Mires and Heaths (1991), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
47. Rose N.L. A method for the extraction of carbonaceous particles from lake sediment. Journal of Paleolimnology 3 (1990) 45-53
48. Rose N.L. A note on further refinements to a procedure for the extraction of carbonaceous fly-ash particles from sediments. Journal of Paleolimnology 11 (1994) 201-204
49. Rose N.L., Harlock S., Appleby P.G., and Battarbee R.W. Dating of recent lake sediments in the United Kingdom and Ireland using spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) concentration profiles. The Holocene 5 (1995) 328-335
50. Smith A.G., and Green C.A. Topgenous peat development and late-Flandrian vegetation history at a site in upland South Wales. The Holocene 5 (1995) 172-183
51. Stevenson A.C., and Thompson D.B.A. Long-term changes in the extent of heather moorland in upland Britain and Ireland: palaeoecological evidence for the importance of grazing. The Holocene 3 (1993) 70-76
52. 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35 (1993) 215-230
53. Tallis J.H. The Southern Pennine experience: an overview of blanket mire degradation. In: Tallis J.R., Meade R., and Hulme P.D. (Eds). Blanket Mire Degradation: Causes, Consequences and Challenges (1997), Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (for BES), Aberdeen 7-15
54. Thompson D.B.A., MacDonald A.J., Marsden J.H., and Galbraith C.A. Upland heather moorland in Great Britain: a review of international importance, vegetation changes and some objectives for nature conservation. Biological Conservation 71 (1995) 163-178
55. UK Biodiversity Group, 1999. UK Biodiversity Group. Tranche 2 Action Plans. Volume 6. Terrestrial and Freshwater Habitats and Species. English Nature, Peterborough.
56. van Geel B., and Mook W.G. High-resolution 14C dating of organic deposits using natural atmospheric 14C variations. Radiocarbon 31 (1989) 151-156
57. Wein R.W., Burzynski M.P., Sreenisva B.A., and Tolonen K. Bog profile evidence of fire and vegetation dynamics since 3000 years BP in the Acadian Forest. Canadian Journal of Botany 65 (1987) 1180-1186
58. Yeo M. Blanket mire degradation in Wales. In: Tallis J.R., Meade R., and Hulme P.D. (Eds). Blanket Mire Degradation: Causes, Consequences and Challenges (1997), Macaulay Land Use Research Institute (for BES), Aberdeen 101-115