Diagnosis of Hyperadrenocorticism in Dogs

Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 2-11

  Peterson, Mark E ^a  

^a ANIMAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

ACTH; ACTH stimulation test; computed tomography; corticotropin; cortisol; Cushing's syndrome; dexamethasone suppression test; diagnosis; hyperadrenocorticism; magnetic resonance imaging; ultrasonography; urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN; DEXAMETHASONE; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROCORTISONE;

ADRENAL CORTEX HYPERFUNCTION; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BLOOD; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DOG; DOG DISEASE; FEMALE; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MALE; MASS SCREENING; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; SECRETION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; URINE;

ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; ANIMALS; DEXAMETHASONE; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; FALSE NEGATIVE REACTIONS; FALSE POSITIVE REACTIONS; FEMALE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HYDROCORTISONE; MALE; MASS SCREENING; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

CANIS FAMILIARIS;

EID: 34147092648     PISSN: 10962867     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.ctsap.2007.02.007     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Peterson M.E. Hyperadrenocorticism. Vet Clin North Am 14 (1984) 731-749
2. Herrtage ME: Canine hyperadrenocorticism, in Mooney CT, Peterson ME (eds): Manual of Endocrinology (ed 3). Quedgeley, Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 12004, pp 50-171
3. Feldman E.C., and Nelson R.W. Canine hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome), in Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction. (ed 3) (2004), Saunders, Philadelphia, PA pp 252-3572004
4. Kintzer P.P., and Peterson M.E. Diseases of the adrenal gland. In: Birchard S.J., and Sherding R.G. (Eds). Manual of Small Animal Practice. (ed 3) (2006), Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA 357-375
5. Kaplan A.J., Peterson M.E., and Kemppainen R.J. Effects of disease on the results of diagnostic tests for use in detecting hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207 (1995) 445-451
6. Capen C.C., Martin S., and Koestner A. Neoplasms in the adenohypophysis of dogs: a clinical and pathologic study. Vet Pathol 4 (1967) 301-325
7. Peterson M.E., Krieger D.T., Drucker W.D., et al. Immunocytochemical study of the hypophysis in 25 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 101 (1982) 15-24
8. Duesberg C.A., Feldman E.C., Nelson R.W., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of pituitary macrotumors in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 206 (1995) 657-662
9. Ford S.L., Feldman E.C., and Nelson R.W. Hyperadrenocorticism caused by bilateral adrenocortical neoplasia in dogs: four cases (1983-1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 202 (1993) 789-792
10. Penninck D.G., Feldman E.C., and Nyland T.G. Radiographic features of canine hyperadrenocorticism caused by autonomously functioning adrenocortical tumors: 23 cases (1978-1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 192 (1988) 1604-1608
11. Reusch C.E., and Feldman E.C. Canine hyperadrenocorticism due to adrenocortical neoplasia Pretreatment evaluation of 41 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 5 (1991) 3-10
12. Greco D.S., Peterson M.E., Davidson A.P., et al. Concurrent pituitary and adrenal tumors in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism: 17 cases (1978-1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 214 (1999) 1349-1353
13. Churcher R.K. Hepatic carcinoid, hypercortisolism and hypokalaemia in a dog. Aust Vet J 77 (1999) 641-645
14. Galac S., Kooistra H.S., Voorhout G., et al. Hyperadrenocorticism in a dog due to ectopic secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Domest Anim Endocrinol 28 (2005) 338-348
15. Peterson M.E., and Nichols R. Investigation of polyuria and polydipsia. In: Mooney C.T., and Peterson M.E. (Eds). Manual of Endocrinology. (ed 3) (2004), British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Quedgeley, Gloucester 16-25
16. Hurley K.J., and Vaden S.L. Evaluation of urine protein content in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 212 (1998) 369-373
17. Peterson M.E., Orth D.N., Halmi N.S., et al. Plasma immunoreactive proopiomelanocortin peptides and cortisol in normal dogs and dogs with Addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome: basal concentrations. Endocrinology 119 (1986) 720-730
18. Orth D.N., Peterson M.E., and Drucker W.D. Plasma immunoreactive proopiomelanocortin peptides and cortisol in normal dogs and dogs with Cushing's syndrome: diurnal rhythm and responses to various stimuli. Endocrinology 122 (1988) 1250-1262
19. Kerl M.E., Peterson M.E., Wallace M.S., et al. Evaluation of a low-dose synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test in clinically normal dogs and dogs with naturally developing hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 214 (1999) 1497-1501
20. Behrend E.N., Kemppainen R.J., Bruyette D.S., et al. Intramuscular administration of a low dose of ACTH for ACTH stimulation testing in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229 (2006) 528-530
21. Peterson M.E. Containing cost of ACTH-stimulation test. J Am Vet Med Assoc 224 (2004) 198-199
22. Kemppainen R.J., Behrend E.N., and Busch K.A. Use of compounded adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for adrenal function testing in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 41 (2005) 368-372
23. Peterson M.E., Gilbertson S.R., and Drucker W.D. Plasma cortisol response to exogenous ACTH in 22 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 180 (1982) 542-544
24. Feldman E.C. Comparison of ACTH response and dexamethasone suppression as screening tests in canine hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 182 (1983) 506-510
25. Gieger T.L., Feldman E.C., Wallack S.T., et al. Lymphoma as a model for chronic illness: effects on adrenocortical function testing. J Vet Intern Med 17 (2003) 154-157
26. Ristic J.M., Ramsey I.K., Heath E.M., et al. The use of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in the diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism. J Vet Intern Med 16 (2002) 433-439
27. Chapman P.S., Mooney C.T., Ede J., et al. Evaluation of the basal and post-adrenocorticotrophic hormone serum concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone for the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. Vet Rec 153 (2003) 771-775
28. Hill K.E., Scott-Moncrieff J.C., Koshko M.A., et al. Secretion of sex hormones in dogs with adrenal dysfunction. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226 (2005) 556-561
29. Benitah N., Feldman E.C., Kass P.H., et al. Evaluation of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentration after administration of ACTH in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227 (2005) 1095-1101
30. Greco D.S. Diagnosis and treatment of sex steroid excess: The other Cushing's syndrome. Clin Tech (2007) (in press)
31. Behrend E.N., Kemppainen R.J., Clark T.P., et al. Diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs: a survey of internists and dermatologists. J Am Vet Med Assoc 220 (2002) 1643-1649
32. Peterson M.E. Hyperadrenocorticism. In: Kirk R.W. (Ed). Current Veterinary Therapy VIII (1983), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA 863-869
33. Meijer J.C., de Bruijne J.J., Rijnberk A., et al. Biochemical characterization of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in the dog. J Endocrinol 77 (1978) 111-118
34. Mack R.E., and Feldman E.C. Comparison of two low-dose dexamethasone suppression protocols as screening and discrimination tests in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 197 (1990) 1603-1606
35. Rijnberk A., van Wees A., and Mol J.A. Assessment of two tests for the diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism. Vet Rec 122 (1988) 178-180
36. Stolp R., Rijnberk A., Meijer J.C., et al. Urinary corticoids in the diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism. Res Vet Sci 34 (1983) 141-144
37. Rijnberk A., and Teske E. Corticoid:creatinine ratio. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201 (1992) 1139-1140
38. Jensen A.L., Iversen L., Koch J., et al. Evaluation of the urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 38 (1997) 99-102
39. van Vonderen I.K., Kooistra H.S., and Rijnberk A. Influence of veterinary care on the urinary corticoid:creatinine ratio in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 12 (1998) 431-435
40. Smiley L.E., and Peterson M.E. Evaluation of a urine cortisol:creatinine ratio as a screening test for hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 7 (1993) 163-168
41. Feldman E.C., and Mack R.E. Urine cortisol:creatinine ratio as a screening test for hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 200 (1992) 1637-1641
42. Galac S., Kooistra H.S., Teske E., et al. Urinary corticoid/creatinine ratios in the differentiation between pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and hyperadrenocorticism due to adrenocortical tumour in the dog. Vet Q 19 (1997) 17-20
43. Vaessen M.M., Kooistra H.S., Mol J.A., et al. Urinary corticoid:creatinine ratios in healthy pet dogs after oral low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests. Vet Rec 155 (2004) 518-521
44. Feldman E.C., Feldman M.S., and Nelson R.W. Use of low- and high-dose dexamethasone tests for distinguishing pituitary-dependent from adrenal tumor hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 209 (1996) 772-775
45. Sarfaty D., Carrillo J.M., and Peterson M.E. Neurologic, endocrinologic, and pathologic findings associated with large pituitary tumors in dogs: eight cases (1976-1984). J Am Vet Med Assoc 193 (1988) 854-856
46. Kooistra H.S., Voorhout G., Mol J.A., et al. Correlation between impairment of glucocorticoid feedback and the size of the pituitary gland in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. J Endocrinol 152 (1997) 387-394
47. Feldman E.C. Evaluation of a combined dexamethasone suppression/ACTH stimulation test in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 187 (1985) 49-53
48. Feldman E.C. Evaluation of a six-hour combined dexamethasone suppression/ACTH stimulation test in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 189 (1986) 1562-1566
49. Gould S.M., Baines E.A., Mannion P.A., et al. Use of endogenous ACTH concentration and adrenal ultrasonography to distinguish the cause of canine hyperadrenocorticism. J Small Anim Pract 42 (2001) 113-121
50. Nachreiner R.F., and Refsal K.R. Collection, storage and transport of samples. In: Mooney C.T., and Peterson M.E. (Eds). BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology. (ed 3) (2004), British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester, UK 1-5
51. Peterson M.E., Kemppainen R.J., and Orth D.N. Effects of synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone on plasma concentrations of immunoreactive adrenocorticotropin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and cortisol in dogs with naturally acquired adrenocortical insufficiency. Am J Vet Res 53 (1992) 421-425
52. van Wijk P.A., Rijnberk A., Croughs R.J., et al. Responsiveness to corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin in canine Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 130 (1994) 410-416
53. Voorhout G., Stolp R., Rijnberk A., et al. Assessment of survey radiography and comparison with x-ray computed tomography for detection of hyperfunctioning adrenocortical tumors in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196 (1990) 1799-1803
54. Grooters A.M., Biller D.S., Theisen S.K., et al. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the adrenal glands in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: comparison with normal dogs. J Vet Intern Med 10 (1996) 110-115
55. Hoffmann K.L. Ultrasonographical examination in canine hyperadrenocorticism. Aust Vet J 81 (2003) 27-30
56. Bailey M.Q. Use of x-ray-computed tomography as an aid in localization of adrenal masses in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 188 (1986) 1046-1049
57. Voorhout G., Stolp R., Lubberink A.A., et al. Computed tomography in the diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism not suppressible by dexamethasone. J Am Vet Med Assoc 192 (1988) 641-646
58. Bertoy E.H., Feldman E.C., Nelson R.W., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in dogs with recently diagnosed but untreated pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 206 (1995) 651-656