Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and renal disease: Novel pathogenic insights

Current Hypertension Reports

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 66-72

  Mercado, Carlos ^b   Jaimes, Edgar A ^a  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACROLEIN; ALDEHYDE DERIVATIVE; METAL; NICOTINE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

ANGIOGENESIS; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD LEVEL; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GLOMERULOPATHY; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; GRAFT REJECTION; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A NEPHROPATHY; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS NEPHRITIS; MESANGIUM CELL; MICROALBUMINURIA; MITOGENESIS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEINURIA; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; HUMANS; KIDNEY DISEASES; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; METALS; NICOTINIC AGONISTS; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING;

EID: 34047266333     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-007-0012-8     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Orth SR: Smoking - a renal risk factor. Nephron 2000, 86:12-26.
2. Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Mulder J, Janssen WM, et al.: Smoking is related to alburninuria and abnormal renal function in nondiabetic persons. Ann Intern Med 2000, 133:585-591.
3. Orth SR, Stockmann A, Conradt C, et al.: Smoking as a risk factor for end-stage renal failure in men with primary renaldisease. Kidney Int 1998, 54:926-931.
4. Suwaidi JA, Hamasaki S, Higano ST, et al.: Long-term follow-up of patients with mild coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 2000, 101:948-954.
5. Moncada S, Palmer R, Higgs E: Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 1991, 43:109-141.
6. Ross R: Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:115-126.
7. Celermajer D, Adams M, Clarkson P, et al.: Passive smoking and impaired endothelium-dependent arterial dilatation in healthy young adults. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:150-154.
8. Lekakis J, Papamichael C, Vemmos C, et al.: Effects of acute cigarette smoking on endothelium-dependent arterial dilatation in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol 1998, 81:1225-1228.
9. Celermajer D, Sorensen K, Georgakopoulos D, et al.: Cigarette smoking is associated with dose-related and potentially reversible impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults. Circulation 1993, 11:565-577.
10. Barry J, Mead K, Nabel EG, et al.: Effect of smoking on the activity of ischemic heart disease. JAMA 1989, 261(3):398-402.
11. Zhu B-Q, Sun Y-P, Sievers R, et al.: Passive smoking increases experimental atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993, 21:225-232.
12. Raij L, DeMaster EG, Jaimes EA: Cigarette smoke-induced endothelium dysfunction: role of superoxide anion. J Hypertens 2001, 19:891-897.
13. Morrow J, Frei B, Longmire A, et al.: Increase in circulating products of lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes) in smokers. Smoking as a cause of oxidative damage. N Engl J Med 1995, 332:1198-1203.
14. Zou MH, Shi C, Cohen RA: Oxidation of the zinc-thiolate complex and uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by peroxynitrite. J Clin Invest 2002, 109:817-826.
15. Pryor W, Stone K: Oxidants in cigarette smoke. Radicles, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite and peroxynitrate. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993, 686:12-27.
16. Cooper KO, Witz G, Witmer C: The effects of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes on hepatic thiols and thiol-containing enzymes. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1992, 19:343-349.
17. Eiserich JP, van der Vliet A, Handelman GJ, et al.: Dietary antioxidants and cigarette smoke-induced biomolecular damage: a complex interaction. Am J Clin Nutr 1995, 62(6 Suppl):1490S-1500S.
18. Griendling KK, Sorescu D, Ushio-Fukai M: NAD(P)H oxidase: role in cardiovascular biology and disease. Circ Res 2000, 86:494-501.
19. Ohara Y, Peterson T, Harrison D: Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production. J Clin Invest 1993, 91:2546-2551.
20. Jaimes EA, Galceran JM, Raij L: Angiotensin II induces superoxide anion production by mesangial cells. Kidney Int 1998, 54:775-784.
21. Jaimes EA, DeMaster EG, Tian RX, Raij L: Stable compounds of cigarette smoke induce endothelial superoxide anion production via NADPH oxidase activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004, 24:1031-1036.
22. Kayyali US, Budhiraja R, Pennella CM, et al.: Upregulation of xanthine oxidase by tobacco smoke condensate in pulmonary endothelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003, 188:59-68.
23. Guthikonda S, Sinkey C, Barenz T, Haynes WG: Xanthine oxidase inhibition reverses endothelial dysfunction in heavy smokers. Circulation 2003, 107:416-421.
24. Weber C, Ed W, Weber K, Weber PC: Increased adhesiveness of isolated monocytes to endothelium is prevented by vitamin C intake in smokers. Circulation 1996, 93:1488-1492.
25. Barua RS, Ambrose JA, Srivastava S, et al.: Reactive oxygen species are involved in smoking-induced dysfunction of nitric oxide biosynthesis and upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase: an in vitro demonstration in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Circulation 2003, 107:2342-2347.
26. Bermudez EA, Rifai N, Buring JE, et al.: Relation between markers of systemic vascular inflammation and smoking in women. Am J Cardiol 2002, 89:1117-1119.
27. Law MM, Gelabert HA, Moore WS, et al.: Cigarette smoking increases the development of initial hyperplasia after vascular injury. J Vasc Surg 1996, 23:401-409.
28. Anazawa T, Dimayuga PC, Li H, et al.: Effect of exposure to cigarette smoke on carotid artery intimal thickening: the role of inducible NO synthase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004, 24:1652-1658.
29. Pestana IA, Vazquez-Padron RI, Aitouche A, Pham SM: Nicotinic and PDGF-receptor function are essential for nicotine-stimulated mitogenesis in human vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem 2005, 96:986-995.
30. Heeschen C, Jang JJ, Weis M, et al.: Nicotine stimulates angiogenesis and promotes tumor growth and atherosclerosis. Nat Med 2001, 7:833-839.
31. Mayhan WG, Sharpe GM: Chronic exposure to nicotine alters endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilatation: effect of superoxide dismutase. J Appl Physiol 1999, 86:1126-1134.
32. Neunteufl T, Heher S, Kostner K, et al.: Contribution of nicotine to acute endothelial dysfunction in long-term smokers. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002, 39:251-256.
33. Chalon S, Moreno H Jr, Benowitz NL, et al.: Nicotine impairs endothelium-dependent dilatation in human veins in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000, 67-391-397.
34. Wang X, Zhu J, Chen J, Shang Y: Effects of nicotine on the number and activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. J Clin Pharmacol 2004, 44:881-889.
35. Minami J, Ishimitsu T, Matsuoka H: Effects of smoking cessation on blood pressure and heart rate variability in habitual smokers. Hypertension 1999, 33(1 Pt 2):586-590.
36. Grassi G, Seravalle G, Calhoun DA, et al.: Mechanisms responsible for sympathetic activation by cigarette smoking in humans. Circulation 1994, 90:248-253.
37. Gambaro G, Verlato F, Budakovic A, et al.: Renal impairment in chronic cigarette smokers. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9:562-567.
38. Bernhard D, Rossmann A, Henderson B, et al.: Increased serum cadmium and strontium levels in young smokers: effects on arterial endothelial cell gene transcription. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006, 26:833-838.
39. Navas-Acien A, Selvin E, Sharrett AR, et al.: Lead, cadmium, smoking, and increased risk of peripheral arterial disease. Circulation 2004, 109:3196-3201.
40. Regalado M, Yang S, Wesson DE: Cigarette smoking is associated with augmented progression of renal insufficiency in severe essential hypertension. Am J Kidney Dis 2000, 35:687-694.
41. Rossing P, Hougaard P, Parving HH: Risk factors for development of incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients: a 10-year prospective observational study. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:859-864.
42. Stengel B, Couchoud C, Cenee S, Hemon D: Age, blood pressure and smoking effects on chronic renal failure in primary glomerular nephropathies. Kidney Int 2000, 57:2519-2526.
43. Ward MM, Studenski S: Clinical prognostic factors in lupus nephritis. The importance of hypertension and smoking. Arch Intern Med 1992, 152:2082-2088.
44. Chapman AB, Johnson AM, Gabow PA, Schrier RW. Overt proteinuria and microalbuminuria in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 1994, 5:1349-1354.
45. Janssen WM, Hillege H, Pinto-Sietsma SJ, et al.: Low levels of urinary albumin excretion are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in the general population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2000, 38:1107-1110.
46. Halimi JM, Giraudeau B, Vol S, et al.: Effects of current smoking and smoking discontinuation on renal function and proteinuria in the general population. Kidney Int 2000, 58:1285-1292.
47. Ishani A, Grandits GA, Grimm RH, et al.: Association of single measurements of dipstick proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and hematocrit with 25-year incidence of end-stage renal disease in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17:1444-1452.
48. Hallan S, de Mutsert R, Carlsen S, et al.: Obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity as risk factors for CKD: are men more vulnerable? Am J Kidney Dis 2006, 47:396-405.
49. Briganti EM, Branley P, Chadban SJ, et al.: Smoking is associated with renal impairment and proteinuria in the normal population: the AusDiab kidney study. Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2002, 40:704-712.
50. Tozawa M, Iseki K, Iseki C, et al.: Influence of smoking and obesity on the development of proteinuria. Kidney Int 2002, 62:956-962.
51. Lhotta K, Rumpelt HJ, Konig P, et al.: Cigarette smoking and vascular pathology in renal biopsies. Kidney Int 2002, 61:648-654.
52. Parving HH, Lewis JB, Ravid M, et al.: Prevalence and risk factors for microalbuminuria in a referred cohort of type II diabetic patients: a global perspective. Kidney Int 2006, 69:2057-2063.
53. Chase HP, Garg SK, Marshall G, et al.: Cigarette smoking increases the risk of albuminuria among subjects with type I diabetes. JAMA 1991, 265:614-617.
54. Baggio B, Budakovic A, Dalla Vestra M, et al.: Effects of cigarette smoking on glomerular structure and function in type 2 diabetic patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002, 13:2730-2736.
55. Gambaro G, Bax G, Fusaro M, et al.: Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for nephropathy and its progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Nutr Metab 2001, 14:337-342.
56. Nakamura T, Kawagoe Y, Koide H: Effect of cigarette smoking on urinary podocyte excretion in early diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:1324-1325.
57. Jaimes E, Tian RX, Raij L: Nicotine: the link between cigarette smoking and the progression of renal injury? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006 Aug 18 [Epub ahead of print].
58. Cosio FG, Falkenhain ME, Pesavento TE, et al.: Patient survival after renal transplantation: II. The impact of smoking. Clin Transplant 1999, 13:336-341.
59. Kasiske BL, Klinger D: Cigarette smoking in renal transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000, 11:753-759.
60. Cardinal H, Hebert MJ, Rahme E, et al.: Modifiable factors predicting patient survival in elderly kidney transplant recipients. Kidney Int 2005, 68:345-351.