Two cases of atypical mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium szulgai associated with mortality in captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana)

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 101-107

  Lacasse, Claude ^a   Terio, Karen ^b   Kinsel, Michael J ^b   Farina, Lisa L ^b,e   Travis, Dominic A ^a   Greenwald, Rena ^c   Lyashchenko, Konstantin P ^c   Miller, Michele ^d   Gamble, Kathryn C ^a  

^a LINCOLN PARK ZOO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^c CHEMBIO DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS INC   (United States)

^d Disney's Animal Programs   (United States)

^e University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine   (United States)

Author keywords

African elephant; Atypical mycobacteriosis; Loxodonta africana; Mycobacterium szulgai; Osteoarthritis; Pneumonia

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIOSIS; ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIUM; CASE REPORT; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ELEPHANT; FATALITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; REVIEW; ZOO ANIMAL; ZOONOSIS;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, ZOO; ELEPHANTS; FATAL OUTCOME; FEMALE; HUMANS; MYCOBACTERIA, ATYPICAL; MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS, ATYPICAL; ZOONOSES;

ANIMALIA; ELEPHANTIDAE; LOXODONTA; LOXODONTA AFRICANA; MYCOBACTERIUM; MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS; MYCOBACTERIUM SZULGAI; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS;

EID: 34047155648     PISSN: 10427260     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1638/06-051.1     Document Type: Review

References (35)

1. Abalain-Colloc, M. L., D. Guillerm, M. Salaun, S. Gouriou, V. Vincent, and B. Picard. 2003. Mycobacterium szulgai isolated from a patient, a tropical fish, and aquarium water. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 22: 768-769.
2. Chai, N., L. Deforges, W. Sougakoff, C. Truffot-Pernot, A. De Luze, B. Demeneix, M. Clement, and M. Bomsel. 2006. Mycobacterium szulgai infection in a captive population of African clawed frogs (Xenopus tropicalis). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 37: 55-57.
3. Cross, G. M., M. A. Guill, and J. K. Aton. 1985. Cutaneous Mycobacterium szulgai infection. Arch. Dermatol. 121: 247-249.
4. Davidson, P. T. 1976. Mycobacterium szulgai: a new pathogen causing infection of the lung. Chest 69: 799-801.
5. Dylewski, J. S., H. M. Zackon, A. H. Latour, and G. R. Berry. 1987. Mycobacterium szulgui: an unusual pathogen. Rev. Infect. Dis. 9: 578-580.
6. Eisenach, K. D., M. D. Cave, J. H. Bates, and J. T. Crawford. 1990. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of a repetitive DNA sequence specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. 161: 977-981.
7. Gur, H., S. Porat, H. Haas, Y. Naparstek, and M. Eliakim. 1984. Disseminated mycobacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium szulgai. Arch. Intern. Med. 144: 1861-1863.
8. Holmes, G. P., G. B. Bond, R. C. Fader, and S. F. Fulcher. 2002. A cluster of cases of Mycobacterum szulgaigai keratitis that occurred after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 34: 1039-1046.
9. Horusitzky, A., X. Puechal, D. Dumont, T. Begue, M. Robineau, and M. Boissier. 2000. Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by Mycobacterium szulgai. J. Rheumatology 27: 1299-1302.
10. Hurr, H., and T. Sorg. 1998. Mycobacterium szulgai osteomyelitis. J. Infect. 37: 191-192.
11. International Species Information System (ISIS). 2002. ISIS physiological data reference values for African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Eagan, Minnesota 55121. CD-ROM.
12. Larsen, R. S., M. Kay, J. Triantis, and M. D. Salman. 2005. Update on serologic detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Asian elephants. Proc. Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet. 2005: 62.
13. Larsen, R. S., M. D. Salman, S. K. Mikota, R. Isaza, R. J. Montali, and J. Triantis. 2000. Evaluation of a multiple-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in captive elephants. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 31: 291-302.
14. Luque, A. E., D. Kaminski, R. Reichman, and D. Hardy. 1998. Mycobacterium szulgai osteomyelitis in an AIDS patient. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 30: 88-91.
15. Lyashchenko, K. P., R. Greenwald, J. Esfandiari, J. H. Olsen, R. Ball, G. Dumonceaux, F. Dunker, C. Buckley, M. Richard, S. Murray, J. B. Payeur, P. Andersen, J. M. Pollock, S. Mikota, M. Miller, D. Sofranko, and W. R. Waters. 2006. Tuberculosis in elephants: antibody responses to defined antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, potential for early diagnosis, and monitoring treatment. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 13: 722-732.
16. Lyashchenko, K., M. Miller, and W. R. Waters. 2005. Application of MAPIA (multiple-antigen print immunoassay) and rapid lateral flow technology for tuberculosis testing of elephants. Proc. Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet. 2005: 64-65.
17. Lyashchenko, K. P., M. Singh, R. Colangeli, and M. L. Gennaro. 2000. A multi-antigen print immunoassay for the serological diagnosis of infectious diseases. J. Immunol. Methods 242: 91-100.
18. Maloney, J. M., C. R. Gregg, D. S. Stephens, F. A. Manian, and D. Rimland. 1987. Infections caused by Mycobacterium szulgai in humans. Rev. Infect. Dis. 9: 1120-1126.
19. Marks, J., P. A. Jenkins, and M. Tsukamura. 1972. Mycobacterium szulgai: a new pathogen. Tubercle 53: 210.
20. Merlet, C., S. Aberrane, E Chilot, and J, Laroche. 2000. Carpal tunnel syndrome complicating hand flexor tenosynovitis due to Mycobacterium szulgai. Joint Bone Spine 67: 247-248.
21. Michalak, K., C. Austin, S. Diesel, J. M. Bacon, P. Zimmerman, and J. N. Maslow. 1998, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as a zoonotic disease: transmission between humans and elephants. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 4: 283-287.
22. Mikota, S. K., R. S. Larsen, and R. J. Montali. 2000. Tuberculosis in elephants in North America. Zoo Biol. 19: 393-403.
23. Mikota, S. K., and M. Miller. 2005. Elephant tuberculosis research workshop. Orlando, Florida.
24. Mikota, S. K., L. Peddie, J. Peddle, R. Isaza, F. Dunker, G. West, W. Lindsay, R. S. Larsen, M. D. Salman, D. Chatterjee, J. Payeur, D. Whipple, C. Thoen, D. S. Davis, C. Sedgwick, R. J. Montali, M. Ziccardi, and J. Maslow. 2001. Epidemiology and diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 32: 1-16.
25. Montali, R. J., L. H. Spelman, R. C. Cambre, D. Chatterjee, and S. K. Mikota. 1998. Factors influencing interpretation of indirect testing methods for tuberculosis in elephants. Proc. Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet. 1998: 109-112.
26. National Tuberculosis Working Group for Zoo and Wildlife Species. 2000. Guidelines for the control of tuberculosis in elephants. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Inspection Services. Ames, Iowa 50011.
27. Oh, P., R. Granich, J. Scott, B. Sun, M. Joseph, C. Stringfield, S. Thisdell, J. Staley, D. Workman-Malcolm, L. Borenstein, E. Lehnkering, P. Ryan, J. Soukup, A. Nitta, and J. Flood. 2002. Human exposure following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a metropolitan zoo. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8: 1290-1293.
28. Payeur, J. B., J. L. Jarnagin, J. G. Marquardt, and D. L. Whipple. 2002. Mycobacterial isolations in captive elephants in the United States. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 969: 256-258.
29. Potters, D., M. Seghers, G. Muyldermans, D. Pierard, A. Naessens, and S. Lauwers. 2003. Recovery of Mycobacterium elephantis from sputum of a patient in Belgium. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 1344.
30. Shojaei, H., J. G. Magee, R. Freeman, M. Yates, N. U. Horadagoda, and M. Goodfellow. 2000. Mycobacterium elephantis sp. nov., a rapidly growing non-chromogenic Mycobacterium isolated from an elephant. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50: 1817-1820.
31. Stratton, C. W., D. B. Phelps, and L. B. Reller. 1978. Tuberculoid tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome caused by Mycobacterium szulgai. Amer. J. Med. 65: 349-351.
32. Tappe, D., P. Langmann, M. Zilly, H. Klinker, B. Schmausser, and M. Frosch. 2004. Osteomyelitis and skin ulcers caused by Mycobacterium szulgai in an AIDS patient. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 36: 883-885.
33. Tortoli, E., G. Besozzi, C. Lacchini, V. Penati, M. T. Simonetti, and S. Emler. 1998. Pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium szulgai, case report and review of the literature. Eur. Respir. J. 11: 975-977.
34. Vary, P. H., P. R. Andersen, and E. Green. 1990. Use of highly specific DNA probes and the polymerase chain reaction to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Johne's disease. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28: 933-937.
35. Wilton, S., and D. Cousins. 1992. Detection and identification of multiple mycobacterial pathogens by DNA amplification in a single tube. PCR Meth. Appl. 1: 269-273.